Deck 4: Lower Limb

Question 1

The adductor magnus is innervated by which nerve?

A) common fibular
B) femoral
C) obturator
D) tibial
E) saphenous

Answer 1

obturator

Question 2

Which of the following muscles is NOT attached to the linea aspera?

A) adductor brevis
B) adductor longus
C) vastus intermedius
D) vastus lateralis
E) vastus medialis

Answer 2

vastus intermedius

Question 3

Tapping the patellar ligament in a normal individual stimulates reflex contraction of the muscles that insert on the patella. Destruction of which of the following nerves would eliminate the knee jerk response?

A) sciatic
B) obturator
C) femoral
D) tibial
E) common fibular

Answer 3

femoral

Question 4

The anterior and posterior tibial arteries begin at the level of the:

A) adductor hiatus
B) inguinal ligament
C) ischial tuberosity
D) popliteus muscle
E) talotibial joint

Question 5

The short head of the biceps femoris muscle functions in:

A) adduction of the femur at the hip
B) extension of the femur at the hip
C) flexion of the knee and lateral rotation of the leg
D) extension of the knee
E) extension of the knee and medial rotation of the leg

Question 6

Which of the following muscles originates from the ischial tuberosity?

A) gluteus minimus
B) superior gemellus
C) inferior gemellus
D) obturator externus
E) piriformis

Question 7

Which of the following is an important bony relationship of the common fibular nerve?

A) lateral malleolus
B) lesser sciatic notch
C) medial femoral condyle
D) obturator foramen
E) neck of the fibula

Question 8

Which of the following muscles is in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A) flexor digitorum longus
B) fibularis brevis
C) popliteus
D) soleus
E) tibialis posterior

Question 9

The fibularis brevis muscle functions in:

A) dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot
B) dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
C) plantarflexion and eversion of the foot
D) plantarflexion and inversion of the foot
E) eversion and inversion of the foot

Question 10

Which two muscles attach to the iliotibial tract (band)?

A) vastus lateralis and tensor fascia latae
B) gluteus maximus and tensor fascia latae
C) obturator externus and gluteus maximus
D) sartorius and vastus lateralis
E) gluteus medius and tensor fascia latae

Question 11

The 'keystone' bone(s) of the transverse arch is/are the:

A) cuneiforms 1, 2, 3
B) talus
C) metatarsals 1-5
D) cuboid
E) a and c above

Question 12

Which of the following tarsal bones transmits the weight of the body from the tibia to all other weightbearing bones of the foot?

A) calcaneus
B) navicular
C) talus
D) lateral cuneiform
E) cuboid

Question 13

The gluteus maximus muscle is innervated by which nerve?

A) inferior gluteal
B) obturator
C) sciatic
D) superior gluteal
E) pudendal

Question 14

The prominent feature of the proximal end of the tibia is/are the:

A) epicondyles
B) condyles
C) trochanters
D) adductor tubercle
E) medial malleolus

Question 15

Which of the following statements concerning the superficial venous drainage of the lower limb is INCORRECT?

A) great saphenous vein originates from the dorsal venous arch
B) small saphenous vein empties into the popliteal vein
C) great saphenous vein terminates at the external iliac vein
D) small saphenous vein passes posterior to the lateral malleolus
E) great saphenous vein passes along the medial aspect of the knee

Question 16

All the following muscles function in lateral rotation of the thigh at the hip joint EXCEPT:

A) gemellus superior
B) gluteus maximus
C) gluteus minimus
D) obturator internus
E) quadratus femoris

Question 17

The calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament is important for maintaining which arch(es) of the foot?

A) medial longitudinal
B) lateral longitudinal
C) transverse
D) a and b above
E) a, b, and c above

Question 18

Which of the following muscles extends the femur and flexes the knee?

A) adductor magnus
B) gluteus medius
C) semimembranosus
D) short head of biceps femoris
E) vastus lateralis

Question 19

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the lateral longitudinal arch?

A) calcaneus
B) cuboid
C) metatarsal 5
D) navicular
E) metatarsal 4

Question 20

The lateral plantar artery is a branch of which artery?

A) anterior tibial
B) deep femoral
C) fibular
D) popliteal
E) posterior tibial

Question 21

The tibialis posterior muscle is located in which compartment of the leg?

A) anterior
B) superficial portion of the posterior
C) lateral
D) deep portion of the posterior
E) transverse

Question 22

All the following are contents of the femoral triangle EXCEPT:

A) femoral artery
B) femoral canal
C) deep femoral vessels
D) great saphenous vein
E) genitofemoral nerve

Question 23

Which of the following ligaments is firmly attached to the medial meniscus?

A) tibial collateral
B) oblique popliteal
C) patellar
D) posterior cruciate
E) fibular collateral

Question 24

The common fibular portion of the sciatic nerve is formed by the posterior divisions of which roots?

A) L3, L4, L5, S1
B) L3, L4, L5, S1, S2
C) L4, L5, S1, S2
D) L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
E) It does not arise from posterior divisions

Question 25

At the hip joint which of the following ligaments is shaped like an inverted Y?

A) transverse acetabular ligament
B) femoral head ligament
C) iliofemoral ligament
D) pubofemoral ligament
E) ischiofemoral ligament

Question 26

The ascending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery:

A) joins the hip joint circulation
B) joins the knee joint circulation
C) supplies the medial thigh muscles
D) anastomoses with the inferior gluteal artery
E) a and d above

Question 27

Which of the following arteries does NOT contribute branches to the collateral circulation at the knee?

A) femoral
B) popliteal
C) anterior tibial
D) descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex
E) obturator

Question 28

The sciatic nerve usually exits from the pelvic cavity by passing:

A) above the inguinal ligament
B) below the piriformis muscle
C) lateral to the greater trochanter
D) superior to the gluteus maximus
E) through the obturator membrane

Question 29

Anterior displacement of the tibia may be due to:

A) anterior cruciate ligament tear
B) posterior cruciate ligament tear
C) medial meniscus tear
D) lateral meniscus tear
E) fibular collateral ligament tear

Question 30

Which of the following structures does NOT pass behind the medial malleolus?

A) flexor digitorum longus tendon
B) posterior tibial artery
C) tibial nerve
D) great saphenous vein
E) tibialis posterior tendon

Question 31

Which of the following muscles is NOT attached to the greater trochanter?

A) gluteus medius
B) gluteus minimus
C) obturator internus
D) piriformis
E) obturator externus

Question 32

Which of the following nerves is NOT a branch of the sacral plexus?

A) pudendal
B) sciatic
C) superior gluteal
D) lateral femoral cutaneous
E) posterior femoral cutaneous

Question 33

The sartorius muscle functions in:

A) adduction of the hip
B) hip extension and medial rotation
C) hip flexion and lateral rotation
D) hip extension and abduction
E) medial rotation and hip flexion

Question 34

The deep femoral vein drains into which vein?

A) femoral
B) external iliac
C) great saphenous
D) inferior gluteal
E) internal iliac

Question 35

The lateral stability of the ankle joint is in part provided by the:

A) calcaneofibular ligament
B) deltoid ligament
C) fibular collateral ligament
D) plantar aponeurosis
E) tibialis posterior tendon

Question 36

The chief blood supply to the head of the femur is from which artery?

A) superior gluteal
B) obturator
C) femoral
D) posterior femoral circumflex
E) inferior gluteal

Question 37

Which of the following muscles function in eversion of the foot?

A) extensor digitorum longus
B) flexor digitorum longus
C) flexor hallucis longus
D) tibialis anterior
E) tibialis posterior

Question 38

The popliteal fossa is bounded superolaterally by which muscle?

A) popliteus
B) semimembranosus
C) semitendinosus
D) gastrocnemius
E) biceps femoris

Question 39

Which of the following muscles attaches to the calcaneus?

A) extensor hallucis longus
B) extensor digitorum longus
C) popliteus
D) soleus
E) fibularis tertius

Question 40

Overabduction of the hip joint is most effectively limited by which ligament?

A) femoral head
B) iliofemoral
C) ischiofemoral
D) pubofemoral
E) sacrotuberous

Question 41

The dorsalis pedis artery is a continuation of which artery?

A) posterior tibial
B) fibular
C) superficial fibular
D) anterior tibial
E) deep fibular

Question 42

From which one of the following arteries can you most easily take a pulse?

A) popliteal
B) fibular
C) dorsalis pedis
D) deep femoral
E) middle genicular

Question 43

Which of the following muscles functions in flexion of the thigh at the hip joint?

A) gracilis
B) adductor magnus
C) vastus lateralis
D) rectus femoris
E) vastus medialis

Question 44

The superior fibular retinaculum is attached laterally to the:

A) calcaneus
B) fibula
C) lateral cuneiform
D) metatarsal 5
E) tibia

Question 45

Which of the following muscles inserts on the medial epicondyle of the femur?

A) pectineus
B) adductor longus
C) vastus medialis
D) adductor brevis
E) adductor magnus

Question 46

The great saphenous vein drains into which vein?

A) femoral
B) popliteal
C) dorsal arch
D) deep femoral communicating
E) external iliac

Question 47

Which of the following muscles is supplied by a branch of the lumbar plexus?

A) gluteus maximus
B) iliopsoas
C) popliteus
D) semitendinosus
E) tensor fascia latae

Question 48

Which one of these veins drains blood from the superficial structures on the lateral side of the leg?

A) small saphenous
B) great saphenous
C) posterior tibial
D) anterior tibial
E) popliteal

Question 49

Which one of the following bony landmarks is the ORIGIN of the sartorius muscle?

A) anterior surface of the femur
B) anterior superior iliac spine
C) posterior inferior iliac spine
D) medial to the tibial tuberosity
E) inferior pubic ramus

Question 50

Which one of the following movements is an action of the vastus medialis?

A) flexion of the hip joint
B) extension of the hip joint
C) lateral rotation of the hip joint
D) extension of the knee joint
E) flexion of the knee joint

Question 51

Which of the following articulations are NOT involved in gliding movements?

A) intermetatarsal joints
B) interphalangeal joints
C) intertarsal joints
D) patellar-femoral joint
E) tarsometatarsal joints

Question 52

The gracilis muscle inserts on the medial surface of the proximal tibia along with which other two muscles?

A) adductor magnus and sartorius
B) sartorius and semitendinosus
C) semimembranosus and sartorius
D) biceps femoris and semitendinosus
E) semimembranosus and semitendinosus

Question 53

Which one of these movements is an action produced by the iliacus muscle?

A) medial rotation at the hip joint
B) abduction at the hip joint
C) flexion of the hip joint
D) extension of the vertebral column
E) none of the above

Question 54

The fibularis longus is innervated by which nerve?

A) deep fibular
B) femoral
C) superficial fibular
D) tibial
E) saphenous

Question 55

Which of the following muscles is located in the floor of the femoral triangle?

A) adductor brevis
B) adductor longus
C) iliopsoas
D) rectus femoris
E) sartorius

Question 56

The tibialis posterior muscle attaches to all the following EXCEPT:

A) cuboid
B) talus
C) metatarsal 2
D) medial cuneiform
E) navicular

Question 57

Which of the following is/are NOT found in the fourth layer of the plantar surface of the foot?

A) plantar interossei muscles
B) tendon of tibialis posterior
C) tendon of fibularis longus
D) lumbrical muscles
E) dorsal interossei muscles

Question 58

Which one of the following attachments is part of the ORIGIN of the gastrocnemius?

A) tibial tuberosity
B) linea aspera
C) medial femoral condyle
D) calcaneus
E) anterior fibular border

Question 59

Which one of the following muscles originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum?

A) obturator internus
B) obturator externus
C) piriformis
D) superior gemellus
E) quadratus femoris

Question 60

Which one of the following abbreviations correctly describes the arrangement of the femoral neurovascular bundle as it passes under the inguinal ligament from lateral to medial?

A) LVAN
B) NAVL
C) VANL
D) ANVL
E) LANV

Question 61

Which one of the following attachments is the ORIGIN of the fibularis brevis muscle?

A) lateral portion of the distal fibula
B) proximal portion of the anterior border of the fibula
C) posterior surface of the interosseous membrane
D) medial surface of the distal tibia
E) anterior surface of the interosseous membrane

Question 62

Which one of the following attachments is the ORIGIN of the tibialis anterior muscle?

A) anterior border of the tibia
B) lateral border of the tibia
C) anterior border of the fibula
D) medial surface of the tibia
E) lateral surface of the fibula

Question 63

Which one of the following attachments is the INSERTION of the popliteus muscle?

A) posterior proximal tibia
B) medial femoral condyle
C) posterior fibular shaft
D) lateral fibular shaft
E) lateral femoral condyle

Question 64

Which one of the following movements is an action of the tibialis anterior?

A) extension of the toes
B) eversion of the foot
C) flexion of the toes
D) plantarflexion of the foot
E) dorsiflexion of the foot

Question 65

Which one of the following movements is an action produced by the gracilis muscle?

A) abduction of the hip joint
B) adduction of the hip joint
C) flexion of the hip joint
D) extension of the hip joint
E) lateral rotation of the hip joint