Deck 3: Trunk

Question 1

All the following are TRUE concerning floating ribs EXCEPT:

A) include ribs XI and XII
B) end anteriorly in abdominal wall musculature
C) attach posteriorly to thoracic vertebrae
D) inferior margins are sharp and have a costal groove
E) have no costal cartilage on their anterior end

Answer 1

have no costal cartilage on their anterior end

Question 2

The coronary arteries:

A) supply the heart muscle itself
B) include a right coronary artery and its circumflex branch
C) include a left coronary artery and its marginal branch
D) the posterior interventricular artery lies on the sternocostal surface of the heart
E) the anterior interventricular is a branch of the right coronary artery

Answer 2

supply the heart muscle itself

Question 3

All the following statements about the rectus abdominis muscle are TRUE EXCEPT:

A) it lies on either side of the linea alba
B) it originates from the outer surface of the superior pubic ramus
C) it inserts into the costal cartilage of ribs V, VI and VII
D) it is covered along its entire length posteriorly by the posterior rectus sheath
E) the semilunar line defines its lateral margin

Answer 3

it is covered along its entire length posteriorly by the posterior rectus sheath

Question 4

All the following statements concerning the azygos vein are TRUE EXCEPT:

A) terminates in the superior vena cava at vertebra TIV
B) receives hemiazygos at vertebra TIX
C) formed at the level of the diaphragm by the union of the subcostal and ascending lumbar veins
D) lies on the left side of the vertebral column
E) lies in the posterior mediastinum

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true of the anterior mediastinum?

A) contains lymph nodes
B) lies behind the sternum
C) is bounded laterally by parietal pleura
D) lies inferior to the horizontal plane through the sternal angle
E) is bounded inferiorly by the pericardium

Question 6

Near the porta hepatis of the liver the cystic duct joins with which other duct?

A) common hepatic
B) right hepatic
C) main pancreatic
D) common bile
E) thoracic

Question 7

The sigmoid colon ends in the median plane opposite which segment of the sacrum:

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth
E) fifth

Question 8

The inferior margin of the heart passes from the inferior vena cava to the left and ends at the apex, which is situated in which intercostal space?

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth
E) fifth

Question 9

The inguinal ligament, which is attached to the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle, represents primarily the underturned lower margin of the:

A) parietal peritoneum
B) transversalis fascia
C) internal oblique muscle
D) rectus abdominis muscle
E) external oblique muscle

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the ureter is INCORRECT?

A) it has a renal pelvis
B) it lies intraperitoneal throughout its entire length
C) it enters the posterosuperior angle of the urinary bladder
D) it crosses the pelvic brim just beyond the bifurcation of the common iliac artery
E) in the female it descends medial to the origin of the uterine artery

Question 11

Endothoracic fascia is a small amount of connective tissue that:

A) is identical to the parietal pleura
B) separates the parietal pleura from the thoracic wall
C) separates the parietal pleura from the visceral pleura
D) is located in the pleural cavity
E) extends into each fissure of the lung

Question 12

Branches of the inferior mesenteric artery supply arterial blood directly to all of the following EXCEPT:

A) sigmoid colon
B) transverse colon
C) descending colon
D) rectum
E) ascending colon

Question 13

In numbering ribs, it is important to remember that the second costal cartilage attaches to the:

A) suprasternal notch
B) xiphoid process
C) sternal angle
D) costochondral junction
E) costal margin

Question 14

The fold of peritoneum that connects the stomach to the transverse colon is the:

A) mesentery
B) lesser omentum
C) greater omentum
D) mesocolon
E) falciform ligament

Question 15

Each of the following bones forms part of the bony pelvis EXCEPT the:

A) pubic bones
B) sacrum
C) coccyx
D) LV vertebra
E) Ilium

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the diaphragm is INCORRECT?

A) has a caval foramen at vertebra TXII
B) is innervated by a branch of the cervical plexus
C) inserts into a central tendon
D) has an esophageal hiatus at vertebra TX
E) originates from lumbar vertebrae, ribs and xiphoid process

Question 17

The location of the epigastric region can best be described as:

A) medial to the inguinal regions
B) superior to the hypochondriac regions
C) lateral to the pubic region
D) superior to the umbilical region
E) superior to the pubic region

Question 18

All the following are TRUE concerning the cardiac veins EXCEPT:

A) the middle cardiac vein ascends in the anterior interventricular sulcus
B) the coronary sinus opens in the right atrium
C) the anterior cardiac veins empty directly into the right atrium
D) they include a great cardiac vein, which empties into the coronary sinus
E) the smallest cardiac veins begin in the myocardium and open directly into the chambers of the heart

Question 19

The ligament that joins adjacent vertebral bodies is:

A) ligamentum flavum
B) radiate ligament
C) supraspinous ligament
D) interspinous ligament
E) anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 20

All the following statements concerning the liver are correct EXCEPT:

A) it has a diaphragmatic surface
B) it has a caudate lobe
C) the ligamentum teres represents the obliterated umbilical vein
D) its visceral surface lodges the gallbladder
E) most of it lies inferior to the right subcostal margin

Question 21

The appendix is located in which abdominal region?

A) pubic
B) umbilical
C) right inguinal
D) left inguinal
E) left gastric

Question 22

Which of the following structures is NOT related to the posterior surface of the kidney?

A) subcostal artery and vein
B) subcostal nerve
C) ilioinguinal nerve
D) iliohypogastric nerve
E) genitofemoral nerve

Question 23

Which of the following veins is NOT considered part of the portal system of veins?

A) splenic
B) superior mesenteric
C) renal
D) inferior mesenteric
E) left gastric

Question 24

Which of the following organs receives its blood supply from branches of the ileocolic artery?

A) cecum
B) appendix
C) ascending colon
D) a and b above
E) a, b and c above

Question 25

Unilateral contraction of the erector spinae muscle group results in which motion(s) of the vertebral column?

A) rotation
B) extension
C) lateral flexion
D) rotation and extension
E) extension and lateral flexion

Question 26

The posterior surface of the vagina lies in close relationship to the:

A) ovary
B) ampulla of the rectum
C) rectovesical pouch
D) sigmoid colon
E) urinary bladder

Question 27

The right main bronchus is:

A) more in line with the trachea than the left main bronchus
B) longer than the left
C) enters the right lung at vertebra TVI
D) narrower than the left
E) lies anterior to the aorta

Question 28

Adjacent vertebral notches between articulated vertebrae form which opening through which pass a spinal nerve and vessels?

A) transverse foramen
B) vertebral foramen
C) lateral foramen
D) spinal canal
E) intervertebral foramen

Question 29

The sternocostal surface of the heart is composed primarily of the:

A) right ventricle
B) left ventricle
C) arch of the aorta
D) left atrium
E) right atrium

Question 30

The ovarian artery of the female and the testicular artery of the male are branches of the:

A) abdominal aorta
B) common iliac artery
C) internal iliac artery
D) renal artery
E) external iliac artery

Question 31

The term 'extraperitoneal' is used to describe a structure that is:

A) inside the peritoneal cavity
B) is always supported by an omentum
C) surrounded by visceral peritoneum
D) located beneath or outside the peritoneal cavity
E) situated behind the peritoneum

Question 32

Transversospinalis muscles of the back include of the following EXCEPT:

A) semispinalis thoracis
B) multifidus
C) splenius cervicis
D) rotators
E) semispinalis cervicis

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT associated with the posterior abdominal wall?

A) iliacus muscle
B) deep inguinal ring
C) psoas major muscle
D) quadratus lumborum muscle
E) iliolumbar ligament

Question 34

The thoracic duct crosses the vertebral column from right to left at which vertebral level?

A) TIV
B) TV
C) TVI
D) TVII
E) TVIII

Question 35

A typical thoracic vertebra has all the following characteristics EXCEPT:

A) a spinous process which slopes down and back
B) articular facets located on the transverse processes
C) an intermediate size body when compared to those of cervical and lumbar vertebrae
D) upper and lower demifacets on the bodies of TX, TX1 and TXII
E) one whole upper facet and a lower demifacet on the body of TI

Question 36

Which of the following statements about the penis is INCORRECT?

A) it has two corpora cavernosa
B) it has one corpus spongiosum
C) it exhibits a conical extremity called the glans
D) it transmits the membranous urethra
E) it contains a dorsal artery and vein

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT TRUE for the superior mediastinum?

A) the right and left brachiocephalic veins unite to form the superior vena cava at the lower border of the first right costal cartilage and the lateral border of the manubrium of sternum
B) contains the arch of the aorta
C) trachea lies between the esophagus and the bodies of thoracic vertebrae TI-TIV
D) contains the phrenic nerves
E) left vagus nerve gives rise to a recurrent laryngeal branch, which hooks around the arch of the aorta and ascends between the trachea and the esophagus

Question 38

The left lung:

A) is grooved by the superior vena cava
B) has three lobes divided by oblique and horizontal fissures
C) is grooved by the azygos vein
D) possesses a lingual lobe
E) possesses a groove for the esophagus

Question 39

Which of the following structures is NOT contained within the spermatic cord?

A) ductus deferens
B) lacunar ligament
C) pampiniform plexus of veins
D) genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
E) testicular artery

Question 40

Boundaries of the epiploic foramen include all the following EXCEPT:

A) portal vein
B) inferior vena cava
C) common bile duct
D) right lobe of liver
E) hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 41

All the following statements concerning the intercostal arteries are TRUE EXCEPT:

A) there are eleven pairs
B) derived from descending aorta and costocervical trunk
C) those on the left are longer than those on the right
D) lie between the intercostal vein above and the intercostal nerve below in the intercostal space
E) have anterior and posterior branches

Question 42

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the posterior mediastinum?

A) phrenic nerves
B) esophagus
C) descending aorta
D) azygos vein
E) right posterior intercostal arteries 3-12

Question 43

The ascending colon is continuous as the transverse colon in the region of the:

A) cecum
B) gallbladder
C) left kidney
D) spleen
E) pylorus

Question 44

The superior vena cava enters the right atrium at the level of which costal cartilage?

A) third
B) fourth
C) fifth
D) sixth
E) seventh

Question 45

Thoracoabdominal intercostal nerves are the:

A) anterior primary rami of thoracic spinal nerves 7 through 11
B) anterior primary rami of thoracic spinal nerves 1 through 6
C) posterior primary rami of the first eleven thoracic spinal nerves
D) anterior primary rami of the subcostal nerves
E) posterior primary rami of thoracic nerves 1 through 6

Question 46

All the following statements concerning the internal thoracic artery are TRUE EXCEPT:

A) is a branch of the subclavian artery
B) gives rise to anterior intercostal arteries
C) terminates by dividing into the superior epigastric artery and musculophrenic artery
D) lies posterior to transverse thoracis muscle
E) lies approximately 1 cm lateral to the lateral sternal margin

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT involved in rotation of the vertebral column?

A) rotators
B) multifides
C) semispinalis thoracis
D) longissimus capitis
E) spinalis

Question 48

The arterial supply to the entire stomach is from branches of the:

A) left gastric artery
B) left gastric and splenic arteries
C) left gastric, splenic and common hepatic arteries
D) left gastric, splenic and superior mesenteric arteries
E) inferior phrenic and superior mesenteric arteries

Question 49

Which of the following statements about the kidney is INCORRECT?

A) it lies retroperitoneally
B) it has a hilum in the neighborhood of the transpyloric plane
C) it is covered by a fibrous capsule, perirenal fat and renal fascia
D) each kidney lies alongside the vertebral column from approximately vertebra TX to vertebra TXII
E) it is separated from the pleural cavity by the diaphragm

Question 50

Which of the following ligaments is NOT attached to the vertebral column?

A) costoxiphoid ligament
B) anterior longitudinal ligament
C) ligamentum flavum
D) costotransverse ligament
E) posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 51

During mid-inspiration a horizontal stab 4 in deep is made in the seventh intercostal space in the midclavicular line. Structures (deep to the skin and muscle) are then pierced in the order of:

A) parietal pleura, visceral pleura and lung
B) two layers of parietal pleura, visceral pleura and lung
C) parietal pleura, visceral pleura, lung, visceral pleura, diaphragmatic pleura and diaphragm
D) two layers of parietal pleura and diaphragm
E) none of the above

Question 52

Blood from the liver passes through which veins directly into the inferior vena cava?

A) azygos
B) esophageal
C) portal
D) internal thoracic
E) hepatic

Question 53

All the following are TRUE concerning the erector spinae muscles EXCEPT:

A) forms the intermediate layer of the deep back muscles
B) spinalis has capitis, cervicis and thoracis parts
C) longissimus forms the lateral column
D) iliocostalis has cervicis, thoracis and lumborum parts
E) innervated by posterior primary rami of spinal nerves

Question 54

Inferior articular facets of a typical thoracic vertebra:

A) face downward and posterior
B) face downward and anterior
C) face upward and posterior
D) face upward and anterior
E) are concave posteriorly

Question 55

Which artery passes along the greater curvature of the stomach?

A) left gastric
B) short gastric
C) right gastric
D) right gastroepiploic
E) gastroduodenal

Question 56

The prostate is supplied by which branch of the internal iliac artery?

A) superior vesical
B) internal pudendal
C) obturator
D) inferior vesical
E) inferior gluteal

Question 57

The serratus posterior inferior functions in:

A) lateral flexion of the vertebral column
B) elevation of the upper ribs
C) depression of the lower ribs
D) extension of the neck
E) rotation of the head

Question 58

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE of the pericardium?

A) it is situated in the middle mediastinum
B) it consists of an outer fibrous pericardium lined with an inner serous pericardium
C) the oblique and transverse pericardial sinuses are parts of the pericardial cavity
D) the parietal layer of serous pericardium is attached to the surface of the heart
E) the fibrous pericardium blends with the central tendon of the diaphragm

Question 59

The anatomical base of the heart faces:

A) anteriorly and to the right
B) superiorly
C) posteriorly and to the right
D) inferiorly
E) in none of the above directions

Question 60

The fifth rib articulates with all the following EXCEPT:

A) body of TV
B) body of TIV
C) transverse process of TIV
D) transverse process of TV
E) sternum by way of its costal cartilage