Deck 2: Diversity and Individual Differences

Question 1

An example of deep-level diversity is ______.

A) gender
B) personality
C) country of origin
D) color

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which type of diversity can lead to discrimination when managers or recruiters judge or stereotype others on superficial differences?

A) deep level
B) surface level
C) exterior level
D) bottom level

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Many women are still hampered by a ______ or an invisible barrier that limits their ability to progress to more senior positions.

A) gender cliff
B) generational difference
C) glass ceiling
D) deep-level diversity

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Griffin has fallen prey to hiring only millennials in his new startup company. He feels that hiring someone from the Generation Xers will hold his company back regarding technology. What aspect of diversity does this represent?

A) age
B) race and ethnicity
C) gender
D) ability

Question 5

In order to have a harmonious organizational environment, one must ______.

A) understand the differences and similarities between workers
B) only focus on the things that make us different from one another
C) take many different diversity classes
D) focus on self-leadership

Question 6

Which of the following statements is an outcome of research on Generation Z?

A) Generation Z tends to be less patriotic than other generations.
B) Generation Z is less racially diverse than previous generations.
C) Generation Z is less supportive than previous generations of marrying other races.
D) Generation Z is less inclined to have friends from other races than previous generations.

Question 7

Madison has decided that she needs to foster relationships among her Jewish customers and her employees. She decides to teach her staff about the different Jewish traditions and some of the commonly used Hebrew words. Madison is broadening which form of diversity?

A) age
B) race and ethnicity
C) gender
D) ability

Question 8

When asked about gender discrimination in his organization, Hansen stated that he did not believe there were any differences between people and there is no reason to explore where patterns of discrimination may exist. Hansen would most likely be classified as having which of the six worldviews in the Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity?

A) denial
B) defense/reversal
C) minimization
D) acceptance

Question 9

What are the two main types of diversity?

A) exterior level and inward level
B) top level and bottom level
C) surface level and deep level
D) exterior level and interior level

Question 10

What are the two types of awareness one must possess in order to have an understanding of the individual differences of others?

A) self-awareness and team awareness
B) awareness of others and proactive awareness
C) self-awareness and awareness of others
D) leadership awareness and power awareness

Question 11

One of the most effective ways organizations can encourage acceptance of differences and create a harmonious workforce is through the management of ______.

A) diversity
B) self-awareness
C) blooms taxonomy
D) high involvement

Question 12

Race is related to ______ while ethnicity is associated with ______.

A) skin color; culture
B) nationality; eye color
C) ancestry; skin or hair color
D) culture; skin color

Question 13

Differences in attitudes, values, beliefs, and personality are all examples of ______.

A) surface-level diversity
B) bottom-level diversity
C) deep-level diversity
D) top-level diversity

Question 14

Martin's job is to find the best employees for his company, Sportics. During his search he finds Yasmin, who has been in the sports industry for 30 years. He also finds Ivan, who only has a few years of experience. He notices that Yasmin has an extensive resume but doesn't think she has the stamina to compete due to her age. Martin decides to pick Ivan even though he does not have as much experience as Yasmin. Martin is stereotyping Yasmin on the basis of ______.

A) exterior-level differences
B) deep-level differences
C) dissimilarity differences
D) surface-level differences

Question 15

Tyler likes to motivate his sales team with prizes. At the end of each quarter, he recognizes the highest producer. Ashley is the only one on his team who has never won the award. Instead, she consistently slows down at the end of each quarter even though she had been leading the group most of the quarter. After great thought about Ashley's quiet nature, Tyler realized that Ashley did not like to have the attention placed on her in a public forum. He then adjusted how he motivates by adding quiet accolades to his approach. This is an example of understanding ______.

A) self-concept
B) self-efficacy
C) self-esteem
D) individual differences

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true regarding sexual orientation in the United States?

A) Organizational approaches to sexual orientation have remained the same since the 1960's.
B) In all states, only a man and a woman can marry.
C) In all states, it is illegal to fire an employee based on sexual orientation.
D) In some states, it is still legal to fire an employee based on sexual orientation.

Question 17

Jean from Grandmas Cleaning Service was having trouble finding someone to fill one of the more menial positions in her company. Her brother-in-law put her contact with Lila who was in a car crash and could not find work after her brain injury. After testing Lila to see if she could perform the task of vacuuming successfully, she hired her. What part of diversity does this represent?

A) age
B) race and ethnicity
C) gender
D) ability

Question 18

The belief we have about who we are and how we feel about ourselves is called ______.

A) self-concept
B) self-efficacy
C) self-esteem
D) self-regard

Question 19

Which is not an example of surface-level diversity?

A) gender
B) ethnicity
C) values
D) age

Question 20

Four of the five managers in Jose's company are male. Therefore, Jose feels that he has a good chance of being promoted. Which aspect of diversity is Jose's company not following?

A) race and ethnicity
B) sex
C) gender
D) ability

Question 21

Molly is worried about the future of her son Jax. She comes from a long line of criminals. Even though she has moved to the suburbs and enrolled Jax in a private school, she is still under the belief that there is nothing she can do to change the future for her son because of his genes. Molly believes that ______ is where we get our personality.

A) fauna
B) nurture
C) foster
D) nature

Question 22

What is not a correct statement regarding the MBTI psychometric questionnaire?

A) It has been criticized by academics for providing a rather simplified view of personality.
B) It can be a valuable tool for increasing self-awareness.
C) The results of the questionnaire are not a definitive description of personality type, merely suggestions.
D) It boxes personalities into three main categories.

Question 23

The term ______ refers to the characteristics that describe our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

A) personality traits
B) self-concept
C) personality characteristic
D) differences

Question 24

The belief in our ability to succeed in a specific task or situation is called ______.

A) self-concept
B) self-efficacy
C) self-esteem
D) self-awareness

Question 25

Which of the items listed below is not one of the psychological preferences of the MBTI?

A) extroversion
B) notion
C) thinking
D) judging

Question 26

What are two main parts of our self-concept?

A) self-esteem and self-concept
B) self-esteem and self-efficacy
C) self-efficacy and self-awareness
D) self-efficacy and self-concept

Question 27

While Dylan knows that he can successfully accomplish all his tasks at work, he still has a general feeling that he might not do very well at his upcoming performance appraisal. Dylan has ______.

A) high self-esteem and high self-efficacy
B) low self-esteem and high self-efficacy
C) high self-esteem and low self-efficacy
D) low self-esteem and low self-efficacy

Question 28

Jenny is consistent in the decisions she makes and is able to speak openly when she recognizes that she will not be able to perform a task because she realizes that she does not like the task and not very good at the task. Jenny has a high degree of ______.

A) self-esteem
B) self-awareness
C) self-efficacy
D) self-concept

Question 29

What are the two main areas where personality is formed as stated in the textbook?

A) fauna and foster
B) foster and hinder
C) nature and nurture
D) natural and nutritive

Question 30

Caitlyn thinks she is capable of taking on the challenges that work brings her. She enjoys her job however, she fears that she is not going to be able to complete her presentation for next week's meeting. Caitlyn has ______.

A) high self-esteem and high self-efficacy
B) low self-esteem and high self-efficacy
C) high self-esteem and low self-efficacy
D) low self-esteem and low self-efficacy

Question 31

What can be described as shaping personality traits by environmental and situational factors, such as culture, religion, and family life?

A) fauna
B) nurture
C) foster
D) nature

Question 32

The MBTI, as presented in the textbook, is an abbreviation for ______.

A) Methodological Benefiter Type Indicator
B) Mitchell Braxton Type Indicator
C) Most Beneficial Type Indicator
D) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Question 33

What is defined as a stable and unique pattern of traits, characteristics, and resulting behaviors that gives an individual his or her identity?

A) self-concept
B) differences
C) attributes
D) personality

Question 34

The parents of Zachary are determined to do everything right. They feel that if they do their job as parents perfectly, then their son will grow up to be a thriving, upstanding, and successful adult; someone who can take charge in any situation and is a leader. This is important to them because they lack that quality themselves and have admired it in other people. Zachary's parents believe that ______ is where we get our personality.

A) fauna
B) nurture
C) foster
D) nature

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true about self-esteem?

A) It directly correlates to self-regard.
B) It directly correlates to self-concept.
C) It directly correlates to individual sameness.
D) It directly correlates to the awareness of others.

Question 36

Andre has a general belief in his own worth, however he has a low belief that he can meet his sales quota. This situation illustrates the difference between ______.

A) high self-esteem and low self-esteem
B) intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation
C) self-esteem and self-efficacy
D) high individual difference and low individual difference

Question 37

Of the following types of people, which type of people is relatively easiest to understand?

A) people who are like us
B) people who behave differently than us
C) people who think differently than us
D) people who make decisions different from us

Question 38

Researchers believe that we receive ______ of our personality from environmental and situational factors such as culture, religion, and family life.

A) 20%
B) less than half
C) 60%
D) 95%

Question 39

______ is the belief we have about our own worth.

A) Self-concept
B) Self-efficacy
C) Self-esteem
D) Self-awareness

Question 40

Which trait is not an example of a physical personality trait inherited from nature?

A) eye color
B) temper
C) height
D) blood type

Question 41

Which dimension of personality from the Big Five model focuses on being thoughtful, organized, responsible, and achievement-oriented?

A) agreeableness
B) conscientiousness
C) neuroticism
D) extroversion

Question 42

Eric has determined that he is INFJ when looking at the preference clarity index. Eric is likely ______.

A) reserved and preferring to work by himself
B) wanting tangible and concrete information to make decisions
C) one who draws from his own values to make decisions
D) flexible and adaptable with a preference to keep his options open

Question 43

Noah is lucky because he has found a job that he can do from home. This works for him because he likes to work by himself, use his instincts, look at his own values when making decisions, and has a very relaxed approach to work. Noah's preference clarity index would look like what?

A) ISTJ
B) ESFP
C) INTP
D) INFP

Question 44

People who have a high degree of ______ are energized and stimulated by external events and other people.

A) feeling
B) extroversion
C) perceiving
D) introversion

Question 45

How many typologies are in the preference clarity index of the MBTI?

A) 4
B) 7
C) 16
D) 26

Question 46

When Lisa makes decisions, she prefers to have concrete and tangible information, like data. Lisa most likely has a high degree of ______.

A) feeling
B) judging
C) sensing
D) perceiving

Question 47

______ refers to the extent to which we can remain calm and composed.

A) Emotional composure
B) Emotional stability
C) Emotional intelligence
D) Self-regulation

Question 48

Planning and adaptability relates to which pair of psychological preferences of the MBTI?

A) extroversion and introversion
B) sensing and intuiting
C) thinking and feeling
D) judging and perceiving

Question 49

The tendency to be tense, moody, irritable, and temperamental is referred to as ______.

A) neuroticism
B) extroversion
C) agreeableness
D) conscientiousness

Question 50

Of the four MBTI pairs of preferences, which one relates to the way one interacts with others?

A) extroversion and Introversion
B) sensing and intuiting
C) thinking and feeling
D) judging and perceiving

Question 51

Haley is looking forward to her new experience at the restaurant. She introduces herself confidently to her coworkers and remains composed throughout the first couple of hours on her new job. One may deduce that Haley rates highly on openness and extroversion and low on ______.

A) agreeableness
B) conscientiousness
C) neuroticism
D) thoughtfulness

Question 52

______ describes five basic dimensions of personality, including neuroticism, and is frequently used to evaluate and assess people in the workplace.

A) The neuroticism
B) The Big Five model
C) The Big Ten model
B) The agreeableness model

Question 53

The way one processes information relates to which pair of psychological preferences of the MBTI?

A) extroversion and introversion
B) sensing and intuiting
C) thinking and feeling
D) judging and perceiving

Question 54

Which personality model was created by compiling lists of adjectives from dictionaries then reducing these adjectives to the fewest categories possible?

A) the Big Ten model
B) the agreeableness model
C) the Big Five model
D) the ABTQ model

Question 55

Of the four MBTI pairs of preferences, which one relates to the approach one takes to making decisions?

A) extroversion and introversion
B) sensing and intuiting
C) thinking and feeling
D) judging and perceiving

Question 56

Which item below is not a personality characteristic included in the Big Five model?

A) openness to experience
B) meticulousness
C) neuroticism
D) extroversion

Question 57

Which dimension of personality from the Big Five model focuses on being trusting, good-natured, tolerant, and forgiving?

A) agreeableness
B) conscientiousness
C) openness to experience
D) extroversion

Question 58

Kayla, a very talkative and expressive service representative, has determined that she prefers tangible, concrete, real-life information based on known facts when making decisions for her job. Which of the following two MBTI types best fit Kayla?

A) extroversion and sensing
B) sensing and feeling
C) extroversion and intuitive
D) perceiving and feeling

Question 59

The dimension of personality from the Big Five model that focuses on being outgoing, sociable, assertive, and talkative is ______.

A) openness to experience
B) conscientiousness
C) neuroticism
D) extroversion

Question 60

Although Alisa and Pati share a similar trait, they don't always get along. They both seem to be tense, moody, irritable, and temperamental. They both likely rank high in what aspect of the Big Five model?

A) agreeableness
B) conscientiousness
C) neuroticism
D) thoughtfulness

Question 61

The housing market crisis of 2007 and 2008 was likely caused by actions associated which personality dimension?

A) low self-monitors
B) high risk-takers
C) Type B orientation
D) high proactive personality

Question 62

Which dimension of personality from the Big Five model focuses on being curious, creative, and receptive to new ideas?

A) openness to experience
B) conscientiousness
C) neuroticism
D) extroversion

Question 63

Jennifer's job is to create test questions textbooks. She only has a couple of days to complete each chapter. Luckily, she is good-natured, organized, and achievement oriented. However, she does have bouts of being moody and irritable when she looks ahead at her tight deadline. How would Jennifer be described using the Big Five model?

A) low on agreeableness, openness to experience, and neuroticism
B) low on conscientiousness and high on neuroticism
C) high on agreeableness, openness to experience, and low on neuroticism
D) high on agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism

Question 64

______ is the degree to which individuals relate to and think about their social and physical environment, and their personal beliefs regarding a range of issues.

A) Locus of control
B) Machiavellianism
C) Personal conception
D) Proactive personality

Question 65

Which of the following behaviors is most likely to be associated with high core self-evaluation?

A) high job satisfaction
B) low job performance
C) negative self-concept
D) high neuroticism

Question 66

According to the Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity, a person is in the acceptance stage when she has a deep understanding of her own and others' cultural identities and appreciates the value of different cultural perspectives.

Question 67

Cheryl is characterized as competitive, impatient, aggressive, and achievement-oriented. Which characteristic best describes Cheryl?

A) high self-monitors
B) high in proactive personality
C) Type B orientation
D) Type A orientation

Question 68

Researchers have defined two main personality types to gauge how workers cope under pressure. These types fall under what dimension of personality?

A) internal and external locus of control
B) introversion and extroversion
C) Type A and Type B orientation
D) sensing and intuitive

Question 69

Which of the following characteristics is associated with core self-evaluation?

A) conscientiousness
B) extroversion
C) emotional stability
D) agreeableness

Question 70

Individual differences are the various behavioral similarities and differences between people.

Question 71

Hunter has had a bit of bad luck. He was racing to get to his new job on time and got into a car accident instead. He knew that he would no longer get to keep his new job because his car was totaled. Hunter thought to himself that something must not have wanted him to work with Jiffy Pizza delivery and there was nothing that he could have done to change his fate. Hunter is exhibiting which kind of locus of control?

A) external
B) posterior
C) internal
D) exterior

Question 72

What dimension of personality is the tendency to engage in behaviors that might have positive or negative outcomes?

A) risk-taking propensity
B) proactive personality
C) Type A and Type B orientation
D) locus of control

Question 73

Bella is in line for a promotion. Andy told Bella that she would get the promotion even though he knew that he was giving it to Ryan. Andy wanted Bella to think that he appreciated her and therefore manipulated her into staying with the company. By telling her that the promotion was out of his control, he felt she would stay. Andy has displayed ______.

A) high levels of risk-taking propensity
B) high levels of Machiavellianism
C) high levels of Type B orientation
D) low levels of Type C orientation

Question 74

Jake takes a long time making decisions. This is a good thing for his company Heinrich & Barnard LLC. They rely on Jake to make sure that they are following their mission statement and are within their legal rights. He makes sure that he has all information to assess the potential level of uncertainty. Jake likely has a ______.

A) low proactive personality
B) high self-monitor
C) low risk-taking propensity
D) Type B orientation

Question 75

Ethnicity is related to factors such as skin, hair, or eye color, whereas race is associated with sociological factors such as nationality, culture, language, and ancestry.

Question 76

The term ______ is used to describe the behavior of people who manipulate others and use unethical practices for personal gain.

A) self-monitoring
B) proactive personality
C) Machiavellianism
D) locus of control

Question 77

What are the two types of locus of control?

A) reciprocal and outermost
B) interior and exterior
C) internal and reciprocal
D) internal and external

Question 78

As stated in the textbook, it is illegal to fire employees for being lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender in all of the United States.

Question 79

Chuck is one of the most popular employees in Tabitha's group. He is sociable, assertive with his good ideas, and cooperative. However, Chuck is consistently late to work and has a messy desk. How would Tabitha describe Chuck using the Big Five model?

A) high on extroversion and agreeableness, and low on conscientiousness
B) high on openness to experience and agreeableness, and high on conscientiousness
C) low on extroversion and agreeableness, and low on conscientiousness
D) high on extroversion and agreeableness, and low on neuroticism

Question 80

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Big Five model of personality?

A) The MBTI is more popular for research than the Big Five model.
B) The factor structure of the Big Five model is considered difficult to replicate.
C) The Big Five model generalizes across cultures and languages.
D) The Big Five model fails to show agreement across self and other rating sources.