Deck 7: Thinking and Intelligence

Question 1

What impact did Genie's early isolation have on her ability to acquire language? She never developed a(n) ________.

A) ability to communicate
B) ability to speak
C) lexicon
D) mastery of the grammatical aspects of language

Answer 1

mastery of the grammatical aspects of language

Question 2

Illnesses such as diabetes and cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________.

A) an algorithm
B) the availability heuristic
C) functional fixedness
D) the hindsight bias

Answer 2

the availability heuristic

Question 3

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words?

A) interpretation
B) language
C) semantics
D) syntax

Answer 3

semantics

Question 4

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

A) anchoring bias
B) functional fixedness
C) hindsight bias
D) representative bias

Question 5

Knowing what a dinosaur is because you looked through a book with pictures of dinosaurs and watched the film Jurassic Park is an example of a natural concept that was developed through ________ experience.

A) direct
B) indirect
C) practical
D) theoretical

Question 6

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language, or the words contained within that language?

A) grammar
B) lexicon
C) morpheme
D) phoneme

Question 7

________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences.

A) Beliefs
B) Concepts
C) Emotions
D) Values

Question 8

Samara meets a nurse. She immediately assumes he is able to help care for sick people, works long hours, and dispenses advice about illness because her ________ schema suggests that nurses behave this way.

A) artificial
B) event
C) role
D) script

Question 9

Kai cuts her foot while hiking. She forgot to pack bandages, but she has a tube of superglue and uses that to seal the wound. Kai's ability to invent a solution uses the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

A) analytic
B) creative
C) fluid
D) crystallized

Question 10

________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics.

A) Natural
B) Artificial
C) Ideal
D) Prototypical

Question 11

A(an) ________ is a basic sound unit of a given language.

A) syllable
B) morpheme
C) phoneme
D) syntactic unit

Question 12

Knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a(n) ________ concept.

A) modular
B) natural
C) prototypical
D) artificial

Question 13

________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory.

A) Cognition
B) Personality
C) Conceptualization
D) Priming

Question 14

Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence?

A) Charles Spearman
B) Howard Gardner
C) Raymond Cattell
D) Robert Sternberg

Question 15

Niaz's car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ________.

A) anchoring bias
B) availability heuristic
C) hindsight bias
D) representational bias

Question 16

Gonzalo is attempting to open his car door using the auto lock button on his keychain. He pushes the button twice, but his car door does not open. He continues to push the button even though it is likely that the auto lock feature has stopped working, and he will need to open the door manually with his key. This illustrates a ________.

A) confirmation bias
B) functional fixedness
C) hindsight bias
D) mental set

Question 17

What is the confirmation bias?

A) believing the event you just experienced was predictable
B) focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs
C) focusing only on one piece of information when making a decision
D) stereotyping someone or something unintentionally

Question 18

Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias.

A) anchoring
B) confirmation
C) hindsight
D) representational

Question 19

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________.

A) analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast
B) produce new products or ideas and invent novel solutions to a problem
C) provide correct or established answers to a problem
D) think outside the box to arrive at novel solutions to a problem

Question 20

A ________ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning.

A) letter
B) morpheme
C) phoneme
D) syllable

Question 21

The type of intelligence that involves seeing complex relationships and solving problems is ________ intelligence.

A) crystallized
B) intrapersonal
C) applied
D) fluid

Question 22

Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies ________ intelligence from the multiple intelligences theory.

A) bodily kinesthetic
B) interpersonal
C) logical-mathematical
D) spatial

Question 23

"Each person is born with a genetic potential to reach a certain level of potential, but whether or not they accomplish that level depends on their environments and experiences." This is the foundation of the ________ model.

A) evolutionary
B) g-factor
C) triarchic
D) range of reaction

Question 24

Emily is an adult with a 4th-grade skill level in reading, writing, and math. Her doctor suggests she would be capable of holding a job and living independently. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Emily?

A) mild
B) moderate
C) profound
D) severe

Question 25

In Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory, ________ intelligence and ________ intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence.

A) interpersonal; intrapersonal
B) intrapersonal; naturalist
C) logical-mathematical; interpersonal
D) musical; linguistic

Question 26

What was the most controversial conclusion made by Arthur Jensen with regard to Level 1 and Level II intelligence?

A) African Americans, as a group, had the lowest amount of Level II intelligence.
B) Level I intelligence could only be mastered by those who were socioeconomically advantaged.
C) Those without Level II intelligence should be sterilized so that they could not reproduce.
D) Level I intelligence at higher levels should exempt citizens from military service.

Question 27

What kind of professional would be most qualified to administer an intelligence test?

A) A board-certified psychiatrist.
B) A professional trained in psychology.
C) A social worker who operates in a high school or middle school.
D) An employee of the Social Security administration.

Question 28

Anwar is hiking in the woods and he gets lost. He spends several days trying to find his way back to his basecamp, but he has the knowledge to gather wood, start a fire, and keep himself warm at night. He is also able to identify local berries and mushrooms growing that he can eat without being poisoned. Anwar is demonstrating ________ intelligence from the triarchic theory.

A) analytic
B) fluid
C) functional
D) practical

Question 29

What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence? The findings from this study ________.

A) demonstrated that female twins are more intelligent than male twins
B) revealed a genetic component to intelligence
C) suggested that intelligence is affected by early adoption
D) suggested there is no genetic component to intelligence

Question 30

Which option is NOT one of the Wechsler tests of intelligence?

A) Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
B) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
C) Wechsler Adolescent Intelligence Measure (WAIM)
D) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Question 31

What is the Flynn effect?

A) Once a person knows his IQ, he stops trying to excel academically.
B) The idea that standard intelligence tests are flawed when they are used to compare ethnic groups.
C) The observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation.
D) The observation that each generation has a significantly lower IQ than the previous generation.

Question 32

Aram is proficient in playing a number of instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ________ intelligence from the multiple intelligences theory.

A) linguistic
B) logical-mathematical
C) musical
D) spatial

Question 33

Rudy is amazing in all of his school classes, except math. He struggles to understand basic arithmetic concepts, confuses mathematical symbols like "+" and "=", and gets very frustrated and upset at the thought of doing math homework. Rudy has a normal level of cognitive functioning in other areas, and reads and writes with ease. Rudy's parents may want to have him evaluated to see if he suffers from ________.

A) dyslexia
B) dysgraphia
C) dyscalculia
D) intellectual disability

Question 34

Which pair of individuals is most likely to have the highest similarity in their IQ scores?

A) Marcus and Maria are identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different families.
B) Jerry and Jerica are fraternal twins who were raised in the same home.
C) Vondra and Victoria are a mother and daughter who have lived together for all of Victoria's 15 years.
D) Annabeth and Andre are half-siblings who have the same father but different mothers. They've lived together since they were 3 and 5 years old, respectively.

Question 35

Although her reading skills are just fine, Beatriz has difficulty with her writing. Her teachers have noticed that no matter how hard she tries and how much they work with her the handwriting on her papers is almost illegible. Further, although she has great thoughts and understands concepts at a high level, she is unable to put them into a cohesive written paper. Beatriz may suffer from ________.

A) dyslexia
B) dysgraphia
C) dyscalculia
D) intellectual disability

Question 36

Define an event schema and give an example of one.

Question 37

Jake is sympathetic and considerate of his friends' moods. He really identifies with their feelings and readily understands their point of view. He is well-known around campus, and he has great relationships with his classmates and professors. Which area of the multiple intelligences model does this exemplify?

A) interpersonal
B) intrapersonal
C) linguistic
D) naturalist

Question 38

Which statistic is a measure of how data are dispersed in a population and can be used to give context to larger data sets?

A) variability
B) standard deviation
C) heritability
D) correlation coefficient

Question 39

Which individual was asked by the French government to create an assessment tool - an intelligence test, of sorts - that would be used to identify schoolchildren who would be more likely to have difficulty in school?

A) Louis Terman
B) Marcelle Curie
C) Sir Francis Galton
D) Alfred Binet

Question 40

An intelligence score that falls below ________ indicates significant cognitive delays, and may be indicative of an intellectual disability.

A) 130
B) 100
C) 70
D) 40

Question 41

List and describe any one of the three problem-solving strategies.
Possible

Question 42

List the stages of language and communication development in order of age of acquisition that occur between birth and 18-months old.

Question 43

The basic unit of spoken sound in a language is a(n) ________ while the smallest unit of meaning in a language is a(n) ________.

Question 44

Define both divergent and convergent thinking.

Question 45

Compare and contrast interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence.

Question 46

How do humans acquire language? Identify one factor influencing language acquisition.