Deck 9: Lifespan Development

Question 1

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through what we can take in through our perceptual systems and how we can move our bodies.

A) concrete operational
B) formal operational
C) preoperational
D) sensorimotor

Answer 1

sensorimotor

Question 2

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

A) biology
B) environment and culture
C) genetics
D) sexual preference

Answer 2

environment and culture

Question 3

During Piaget's proposed ________ stage of development, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations. At the same time they lack the ability to think abstractly.

A) concrete operational
B) formal operational
C) preoperational
D) sensorimotor

Answer 3

concrete operational

Question 4

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees cars driving on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.

A) accommodation
B) egocentrism
C) assimilation
D) centration

Question 5

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

A) egocentrism
B) object permanence
C) reversibility
D) stranger anxiety

Question 6

Emily is a doctoral student in psychology. She plans to use ________ to complete her doctoral paper, asking individuals to self-report important information about how their thoughts, experiences, and beliefs differ over a 10-year period.

A) experiments
B) case studies
C) naturalistic observations
D) surveys

Question 7

Age-specific approximations of when a certain skill or ability should first occur in normal development are called developmental ________.

A) milestones
B) norms
C) markers
D) boundaries

Question 8

Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. In Erikson's developmental theory, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?

A) autonomy vs. shame/doubt
B) identity vs. confusion
C) industry vs. inferiority
D) trust vs. mistrust

Question 9

When development proceeds in a stepwise fashion with periods of growth interrupted by periods where growth is not occurring, we'd say that development is taking a(n) ________ trajectory.

A) continuous
B) unidirectional
C) discontinuous
D) bidirectional

Question 10

According to ________, lifespan development encompasses eight stages and at each stage we encounter a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved.

A) Abraham Maslow
B) Erik Erikson
C) Jean Piaget
D) Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 11

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. Within the psychosocial model of development, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?

A) generativity vs. stagnation
B) identity vs. guilt
C) initiative vs. guilt
D) integrity vs. despair

Question 12

________ are concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information.

A) Categories
B) Cognitions
C) Prototypes
D) Schemata

Question 13

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. Erik Erikson would argue that during this period adolescents face the________ task of development.

A) generativity vs. stagnation
B) identity vs. confusion
C) isolation vs. intimacy
D) trust vs. mistrust

Question 14

Which theorist is credited with proposing the psychosexual stages of development?

A) Erik Erikson
B) Jean Piaget
C) Lawrence Kohlberg
D) Sigmund Freud

Question 15

Which of the following illustrates conservation?

A) Deirdre believes that five pennies have more value than two nickels but he doesn't know the value of either coin by itself.
B) Joseph saves his energy by brushing his teeth in the shower but doesn't realize that he is wasting water that way.
C) Rebekah recycles her glass bottles but not her cell phone batteries because she doesn't think they can be recycled.
D) Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.

Question 16

________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

A) Artistic
B) Cognitive
C) Emotional
D) Psychosocial

Question 17

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

A) cognitive capacity
B) environment and culture
C) genes and biology
D) language acquisition

Question 18

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?

A) conservation
B) egocentrism
C) abstract thought
D) reversibility

Question 19

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________.

A) accommodation
B) assimilation
C) seriation
D) reversibility

Question 20

Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught and he'd get punished by his parents. What stage of moral development does this exemplify?

A) conventional
B) formal operational
C) post-conventional
D) pre-conventional

Question 21

The goal of hospice care is to provide

A) medical options for the treatment of terminal illnesses so that death can be avoided.
B) death with dignity and pain management in a humane and comfortable setting.
C) liaisons to experimental treatments that might not be readily available for some patients.
D) legal options for family members making medical decisions on the part of another.

Question 22

During adolescence there is a tendency to see people engage in higher levels of risk-taking behavior. Emotional outbursts are also quite common. This is explained by the relative underdevelopment of the ________ lobe of the cerebral cortex.

A) occipital
B) temporal
C) frontal
D) parietal

Question 23

Early maturing girls are ________.

A) at a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders
B) less likely to drop out of high school
C) more confident
D) more likely to go to college

Question 24

Victoria has learned that she has metastatic breast cancer and has only a few months to live. She immediately goes to church and prays that she will "change her ways" and will become a model Christian if God will just heal her illness. Victoria is at the _______ stage of grieving.

A) bargaining
B) denial
C) anger
D) depression

Question 25

The notion that the manner in which one's brain develops can have a significant impact on a person's cognitive functioning is central to the ________ perspective in developmental psychology.

A) neuroconstructivist
B) biopsychosocial
C) epigenetic
D) naturist

Question 26

Which of the following is not a developmental issue children face during the preoperational stage?

A) egocentrism
B) language development
C) object permanence
D) pretend play

Question 27

Balancing, running, and jumping are all examples of ________ motor skills.

A) fine
B) gross
C) reflexive
D) native

Question 28

Jules is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes, and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this?

A) avoidant
B) disorganized
C) resistant
D) secure

Question 29

A(an) ________ begins as a one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge.

A) embryo
B) placenta
C) fetus
D) zygote

Question 30

Explain the Three-Mountain Task used by Jean Piaget.

Question 31

What is an advanced directive?

A) A legal document that bars anyone from providing resuscitative care if one's heart should stop or they stop breathing.
B) A statement of what a person wants done with their estate, including who their possessions should go to.
C) A legal document that provides specific interventions that a person wants.
D) An indication of what a person wants for their own funeral ceremonies (including requesting that no funeral be held).

Question 32

According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use abstract thinking processes?

A) concrete operational
B) formal operational
C) preoperational
D) sensorimotor

Question 33

Which of the following is not one of the reasons for the new lifespan development category called emerging adulthood?

A) changes in the workforce
B) changing cultural expectations
C) taking longer to complete a college degree
D) younger average age for marriage

Question 34

Which theorist promoted the idea that development is fundamentally affected by one's culture as well as their interactions with their own environment?

A) Piaget
B) Kohlberg
C) Vygotsky
D) Ainsworth

Question 35

Carissa's parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this?

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) Freudian
D) permissive

Question 36

Britta knows that it is wrong to break into a store that is closed, but there is a medical emergency and she has no cell phone with her. Her date has collapsed on the street and is having a seizure. Britta breaks the window of a local store, unlocks the door, and lets herself in to call the police. She stays behind to explain her behavior to the store owner, who shows up shortly after he is called. Britta is operating at the ________ level of Kohlberg's theory of morality.

A) post-conventional
B) pre-conventional
C) conventional
D) concrete operational

Question 37

Ross has learned that he has Parkinson's disease, and that in time he will lose some of his cognitive faculties. He and his wife have a lawyer draw up a document that names her a health care ________ who will be able to make medical decisions for Ross when he is unable to do so for himself.

A) beneficiary
B) designee
C) proxy
D) executor

Question 38

Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America?

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) disorganized
D) permissive

Question 39

Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills.

A) fine
B) gross
C) native
D) manipulative

Question 40

Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?

A) avoidant
B) disorganized
C) resistant
D) secure

Question 41

Why did Jean Piaget call his second stage of cognitive development the preoperational stage?

Question 42

Describe the Strange Situation experiment.

Question 43

List, in order, the three stages of prenatal development.

Question 44

How are primary sexual characteristics different from secondary sexual characteristics?