Deck 10: Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

The ________ theory asserts that each individual has an ideal body weight that is resistant to change.

A) evolutionary
B) limited resources
C) set point
D) Yerkes-Dodson

Answer 1

set point

Question 2

The need for ________ might explain why we "friend" people on social media websites, join clubs or hobby groups, and spend time with others when we might otherwise feel like being by ourselves.

A) achievement
B) affiliation
C) esteem
D) power

Answer 2

affiliation

Question 3

What does set point theory suggest about the probable results of bariatric surgery?

A) It has guaranteed that recipients will eventually reach their ideal weight.
B) It is impossible to use set point theory to predict anything about the results of bariatric surgery.
C) It will not result in long term weight loss because the body will resist change and seek its initial set point.
D) It will result in successful weight loss for men but not for women because men have a lower set point.

Answer 3

It will not result in long term weight loss because the body will resist change and seek its initial set point.

Question 4

Tesla crafts imitation dream catchers in her spare time. Her father constantly encourages her to sell them on eBay. When she finally agrees to sell them, she notices that while she still enjoys making the dream catchers, she no longer does it for fun-she does it to make money. This is an example of the ________ effect.

A) drive-reduction
B) hierarchical
C) heuristic
D) overjustification

Question 5

Amir bites his fingernails when he is nervous or anxious, and he does so without any intention or even recognition that he is doing so. This is an example of ________, a pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage.

A) a habit
B) a motivation
C) an instinct
D) homeostasis

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of self-efficacy?

A) Judd does not believe that he is good at math.
B) Naomi believes that she can successfully complete law school.
C) Stacia thinks that Tammy underestimates her abilities.
D) Tony knows that Yancy frequently brags about his accomplishments.

Question 7

Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the ________ level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

A) esteem
B) physiological
C) security
D) self-actualization

Question 8

Otto is so driven to become a school psychologist that he spends every night studying. This sentence describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal, also called ________.

A) emotion
B) habit
C) drive
D) motivation

Question 9

Which of the following is something an advocate for arousal theory might observe?

A) We become accustomed to boredom and learn to enjoy it.
B) We become accustomed to excitement and learn to enjoy it.
C) When we are bored we look for excitement; when we are overexcited we wish for more peace.
D) When we are sleepy we should sleep; when we are hungry we should eat.

Question 10

Food, water, shelter, and warmth represent ________ needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

A) acceptance
B) esteem
C) physiological
D) security

Question 11

According to research, the need for ________ encourages Mr. Blutarski to complete a second PhD., so he can add another accomplishment to his already long list of accolades.

A) achievement
B) affiliation
C) intimacy
D) power

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of an instinctive behavior?

A) dressing baby girls in the color pink
B) pulling on one's earlobe in response to stress or anxiety
C) infant rooting for a nipple
D) a smoker's love of nicotine

Question 13

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, when is the most efficient time for Carl to mow the lawn?

A) after he has received some exciting news
B) after he is relaxed from finishing his daily meditation
C) during a period of tranquility
D) immediately after his calming afternoon nap

Question 14

Which of the following exemplifies extrinsically motivated behavior?

A) babysitting your younger brother in order to receive an hourly fee
B) dating an abusive partner because you believe you don't deserve good treatment
C) jerking your hand back from a hot burner
D) mowing your elderly neighbor's lawn for free because he can't do it himself

Question 15

The hierarchy of needs is the spectrum of needs ranging from basic ________ needs to ________ needs and finally striving for self-actualization.

A) biological; social
B) social; biological
C) aesthetic; esteem
D) esteem; aesthetic

Question 16

Mercy has maintained her body weight far below what is healthy through starvation and constant exercise. Despite her drastically thin appearance, Mercy genuinely believes that she is overweight, often referring to herself as "fat." Mercy probably suffers from ________.

A) anorexia nervosa
B) bulimia nervosa
C) binge eating disorder
D) Prader-Willi syndrome

Question 17

Cici firmly believes that every child deserves a loving parent. She becomes a foster parent because she knows that it is the right thing to do, even though she receives no material rewards for doing so. Cici becomes a foster parent because of ________ motivation.

A) biological
B) extrinsic
C) instinct
D) intrinsic

Question 18

Which of the following describes the Yerkes-Dodson law?

A) An individual's belief in his own capabilities or capacities to complete a task influences his ability to complete the task.
B) Deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need and ultimately bring the system back to homeostasis.
C) Humans experience a spectrum of needs ranging from basic biological needs to social needs to self-actualization.
D) Simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, yet complex tasks are performed best when arousal levels are low.

Question 19

Sweating and shivering are responses created due to internal temperature fluctuations, and they are designed to bring the body back into ________.

A) alignment
B) homeostasis
C) locus
D) neutral

Question 20

What is the main idea of drive theory?

A) achieving homeostasis requires increasing the metabolic rate
B) deviations from commonly accepted drives result in an inability to satisfy physiological needs
C) deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that then push us to behave
D) failure to achieve homeostasis results in poor cognition and deficits in memory and learning

Question 21

Which of the following is the time immediately following an orgasm during which an individual is incapable of experiencing another orgasm?

A) plateau stage
B) refractory period
C) priapism stage

Question 22

If you suggest that smiling can make someone feel happier, then you believe in the ________.

A) cognitive mediational theory
B) facial feedback hypothesis
C) James-Lange theory of emotion
D) Yerkes-Dodson law

Question 23

When one considers the majority of the scientific data that are available, what can be said about sexual orientation?

A) Sexual orientation is something with which we are born.
B) It is our environmental experiences early in life that determines our sexual orientation.
C) There is no clear indication that anything we can identify explains sexual orientation.
D) Most people are heterosexual and only some sort of life trauma results in a non-heterosexual orientation.

Question 24

Dr. Korkolos is a surgeon who conducts procedures that modify a patient's gastrointestinal system so that they can only eat or absorb a limited amount of food. Dr. Korkolos's expertise is in ________ surgery.

A) abdominoplasty
B) colonic resection
C) bariatric
D) hepatic rerouting

Question 25

Who was the first theorist to explore the idea that the way we appraise a situation would influence the type of emotion that we'd experience in response to that event?

A) Walter Cannon
B) Stanley Schachter
C) Arnold Lazarus
D) Magda Arnold

Question 26

The ________ complex is the part of the brain with dense connections with a variety of sensory areas of the brain; it is critical for classical conditioning and attaching emotional value to memory.

A) amygdala
B) basolateral
C) cerebellum
D) hippocampus

Question 27

A(n) ________ is a subjective, affective state of being that we often describe as our feelings. A(n) ________ refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience.

A) habit; motivation
B) emotion; mood
C) mood; emotion
D) motivation; habit

Question 28

According to the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion, emotions consist of two factors: ________.

A) physiological and arousal
B) physiological and cognitive
C) stimulus and appraisal
D) time and fear

Question 29

Jude is a man who is emotionally and sexually attracted to both men and women, although he tends to date only one person at a time and prefers monogamous relationships. Jude is ________.

A) bisexual
B) homosexual
C) heterosexual
D) suffering from gender dysphoria

Question 30

Which individual produced volumes that discussed sexual behavior among Americans in a way that had never before been made public, research that was not happily received by all who read it?

A) Rockefeller
B) Johnson
C) Masters
D) Kinsey

Question 31

According to the ________ theory of emotions, one's physiological arousal precedes the cognitive experience of a feeling.

A) Cannon-Bard
B) James-Lange
C) Schachter and Singer
D) Cognitive mediational

Question 32

Research has found that the nucleus accumbens and the amygdala, both of which are part of the ________, are brain areas that are particularly important in sexual motivation.

A) reward pathway
B) corpus callosum
C) hindbrain
D) limbic system

Question 33

The ________ complex and the central ________ are both part of the amygdala.

A) basolateral; nucleus
B) James-Lange; basal
C) dorsal; sulcus
D) Yerkes; ventromedial

Question 34

Anasophia binges on chocolates, then makes herself vomit so that she won't retain any of the calories she just ingested. When she is not doing this she regular abuses laxatives in the hope that she will not absorb calories and gain weight. Anasophia has a normal body size, but has a great fear of gaining weight. It would be a good idea for Anasophia to be evaluated to see if she is suffering from ________.

A) anorexia nervosa
B) bulimia nervosa
C) binge eating disorder
D) Prader-Willi syndrome

Question 35

Empty stomachs contract, causing both hunger pangs and the secretion of chemical messages that travel to the brain to serve as a signal to initiate feeding behavior. This is an example of ________.

A) a genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger and reduced rates of metabolism
B) binge eating behavior that is followed by an attempt to compensate for the large amount of food consumed
C) how physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger
D) the amount of energy that is expended in a given period of time

Question 36

Greg is 5 feet three inches tall and weighs 260 pounds. His body mass index, or BMI, is 42.7. According to the standards set by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Greg is ________.

A) normal
B) obese
C) overweight
D) anorexic

Question 37

What is Prader-Willi syndrome?

A) a genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger and reduced rates of metabolism
B) an eating disorder characterized by an individual maintaining body weight that is well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise
C) an emotional dysregulation disorder that causes people to have the wrong emotion to a precipitating stimulus
D) a condition that involves an absence of interest in sexual fantasy or behaviors.

Question 38

What is the primary distinction between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder?

A) Those with binge eating disorder are typically very overweight while those with bulimia nervosa are typically very underweight.
B) Those with bulimia nervosa are typically very overweight while those with binge eating disorder are typically very underweight.
C) Binge eating disorder involves inappropriate purging behaviors while binge nervosa does not.
D) Bulimia nervosa involves inappropriate purging behaviors while binge eating disorder does not.

Question 39

Which choice would you not expect to occur during the excitement phase of the sexual response cycle?

A) erection of a penis
B) lubrication of the vagina
C) reduction in pulse and blood pressure
D) expansion of the vaginal canal

Question 40

Which option is best described as a hormone that induces feelings of satiety, or fullness when eating?

A) estrogen
B) polypeptide Y
C) leptin
D) cholecystokinin

Question 41

In sequence from first to last, what are the four phases of the sexual response cycle identified by Masters and Johnson?

Question 42

List the components of Maslow's hierarchy of needs from the highest to the lowest level, in order.

Question 43

Describe and give an example of extrinsic motivation.

Question 44

Explain why an individual's sense of self-efficacy plays a pivotal role in motivating behavior.

Question 45

Name the seven universal emotions identified by Paul Ekman and others.

Question 46

Define gender dysphoria.