Deck 10: Instructional Strategies

Question 1

Which one of the following statements best summarizes the discussion in the textbook regarding planning, instruction, classroom environment, assessment, and student characteristics?

A)Student characteristics affect planning, which in turn affects instruction, classroom environment, and assessment.
B)Planning precedes both instruction and classroom environment, which in turn affects both student characteristics and assessment.
C)Each of them influences the other four.
D)How student characteristics will be assessed affects planning, instruction, and the classroom environment.

Answer 1

Each of them influences the other four.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes short-term instructional objectives?

A)They are objectives that describe the daily activities of teachers.
B)They are objectives used when instructing students with special needs.
C)They are objectives that guide a teacher but are relatively unimportant to students.
D)They are objectives that should be accomplished within a single school year.

Answer 2

They are objectives that should be accomplished within a single school year.

Question 3

Which of the following is most accurate regarding instructional objectives?

A)students benefit from knowing the objectives.
B)students can only handle one objective at a time.
C)objectives should always include the cognitive domain.
D)the more objectives, the better.

Answer 3

students benefit from knowing the objectives.

Question 4

An instructional objective that requires students to identify the different parts of speech in a sentence is at the ________ level in Bloom's taxonomy.

A)analysis
B)knowledge
C)comprehension
D)synthesis

Question 5

Which one of the following best describes long-term instructional objectives?

A)Students may make gradual progress toward them but never achieve them completely.
B)They are inappropriate for elementary school children, who may become frustrated when they do not reach them.
C)They are inappropriate for high school students, because adolescents' attention is typically focused more on short-term goals.
D)They are most appropriately used for lower-level skills at all grade levels.

Question 6

As educators define the term, the domain of learning tasks that includes attitudes and values about the things one learns is called:

A)Bloom's taxonomy.
B)the affective domain.
C)the psychomotor domain.
D)the cognitive domain.

Question 7

Which one of the following is the best illustration of synthesis within Bloom's taxonomy?

A)Angela discovers fallacies in her teacher's argument regarding the value of an agricultural economy in Africa.
B)Deidre dissects an earthworm and looks for its digestive system.
C)Edgar uses a principle that he learned in physics to develop a new tool to lift a heavy object.
D)Georgette writes a justification for corporal punishment using information from her sociology and psychology classes.

Question 8

From the standpoint of criteria described in the textbook, which one of the following objectives should be most useful?

A)"Students will complete the first ten chapters of their textbook by the end of the semester."
B)"The teacher will demonstrate the correct way to use a Bunsen burner."
C)"Students will study effective government practices."
D)"Students will write poetry using meter and rhyme."

Question 9

An instructional objective that requires students to rephrase a definition in their own words is at the ________ level in Bloom's taxonomy.

A)application
B)knowledge
C)comprehension
D)analysis

Question 10

"The student will be an active participant in the political party of his or her choice." This objective falls within the _______ domain.

A)affective
B)psychomotor
C)sociocultural
D)cognitive

Question 11

Which one of the following objectives meets the criteria described in the textbook?

A)"Students will study the effects of climate on agricultural and business development in Third World countries."
B)"Students will practice factoring polynomials for at least 30 minutes per day."
C)"Students will correctly conjugate regular French verbs in both present and past tenses."
D)"Students will be shown how to execute an effective overhand throw."

Question 12

A teacher has this instructional objective: "Students should know single-digit addition and subtraction facts to a level of automaticity." With this objective in mind, the teacher should focus instruction and assessment on:

A)having students apply these number facts to practical, real life applications.
B)increasing speed, perhaps by using drill-and-practice and timed tests of these number facts.
C)developing students' higher-level thinking skills using these number facts.
D)promoting a meaningful understanding of general rules regarding addition and subtraction.

Question 13

"The student will appreciate the fine arts." This educational objective can best be criticized on the grounds that it:

A)is word magic.
B)focuses on teacher behaviour rather than student behaviour.
C)cannot be easily measured by a paper-pencil test.
D)is clearly outside the domain of most school curricula.

Question 14

"The student will swim the breaststroke for at least 50 meters." This objective falls within the _______ domain.

A)affective
B)psychomotor
C)psychosocial
D)cognitive

Question 15

"The student will use knowledge of color vision to explain color blindness." This objective falls within the _______ domain.

A)affective
B)psychomotor
C)psychosocial
D)cognitive

Question 16

Which one of the following instructional objectives focuses on students' higher-level thinking skills?

A)"Students will describe the laws of momentum and inertia."
B)"Students will use the laws of momentum and inertia to explain how objects move."
C)"Students will take accurate readings from an experiment designed to measure momentum."
D)"Students will learn formulas that involve momentum and inertia."

Question 17

From the teacher's point of view, objectives are especially useful for:

A)focusing on what students should do at the end of instruction.
B)explaining to parents why certain things are important for students to know.
C)preventing cheating.
D)fostering students' interest in the subject matter.

Question 18

Ms.Belanger asks her students to translate MacBeth into popular English.Which level of Bloom's taxonomy is the demonstrating?

A)creating.
B)evaluating.
C)applying.
D)understanding.

Question 19

Which one of the following is an advantage of instructional objectives?

A)Students who are given instructional objectives tend to study more.
B)Students learn more about subject matter not included in the objectives.
C)Teachers have a better idea of how to assess student achievement.
D)Teachers do not have to provide as much direct teaching; the objectives virtually "teach themselves."

Question 20

An instructional objective that requires students to recite a definition exactly as it has been presented is at the ________ level in Bloom's taxonomy.

A)synthesis
B)knowledge
C)comprehension
D)analysis

Question 21

Mastery learning is most appropriate when:

A)instructional objectives lie primarily in the affective domain.
B)instructional objectives are at the upper end of Bloom's taxonomy.
C)certain skills provide the foundation for future material.
D)subject matter is abstract and complex.

Question 22

Three of the following are typically included in a lesson plan.Which one is not usually a part of a lesson plan?

A)a task analysis of the subject in question
B)the instructional objectives of the lesson
C)the procedures to be followed during the lesson
D)a method of assessing what students have learned from the lesson

Question 23

Why have some behaviourists criticized classroom lectures as an approach to instruction?

A)Shaping does not occur in the proper sequence.
B)Students are unlikely to generalize to similar stimuli.
C)Students have no opportunity to make a response.
D)Students cannot easily discriminate among similar stimuli.

Question 24

Three of the following are advantages to mastery learning.Which one is not necessarily an advantage??

A)students enjoy classes more.
B)students gain self-confidence.
C)students generalize their knowledge.
D)students maintain better study habits.

Question 25

Research indicates that mastery learning approaches are superior to traditional instruction in several ways.Which one of the following conclusions should not be drawn on the basis of research on mastery learning?

A)Academic achievement is higher in classrooms that emphasize mastery learning.
B)Mastery learning is more appropriate for high-ability learners than for low-ability learners.
C)Students have higher self-efficacy about their ability to learn when a mastery approach is used rather than traditional instruction.
D)Students develop more regular study habits, rather than procrastinating and cramming, with a mastery approach.

Question 26

The most widely used approach to teaching is:

A)exploratory instruction
B)mastery learning
C)self-determination learning
D)expository instruction

Question 27

One of the history teachers below is violating a principle recommended for classroom lectures.Which one?

A)Mr.White explains to his students how wars between countries are in some ways similar to the fights children have with one another.
B)Ms.Bartlett begins her discussion of the American Civil War by drawing some parallels between it and something the class has already studied-the American Revolution.
C)During a unit on World War I, Mr.LeMessurier often uses maps to show how certain battles were fought at especially strategic locations.
D)Ms.Volchoff talks in a relaxed conversational style, describing different battles of World War II as they come to mind.

Question 28

Judging from the brief descriptions below, which one of these four teachers is using a mastery learning approach?

A)Mr.Andrews lectures each week on different Canadian novels.Students must attend at least 80% of these lectures.
B)Ms.Bennett begins each class by asking students what they would most like to study that day.
C)Mr.Gagne has divided his physics course into 15 discrete units that students study individually at their own rate.
D)Ms.Bergeron teaches children the basics of mathematics by using such concrete objects as blocks and sticks.

Question 29

Teachers should think of a lesson plan as:

A)something that should always include objectives in the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains.
B)something that should always address all six levels of Bloom's taxonomy.
C)a "contract" that they have with their students about what the class will accomplish.
D)a general guide for a lesson that they can modify as necessary.

Question 30

Mr.Cadieux is teaching first aid to his fifth grade class.He introduces "doing chest compressions" with descriptions of the lungs, the rib cage, and obstructions.This is an example of:

A)behavioural analysis
B)expository analysis
C)subject matter analysis
D)information processing analysis

Question 31

Judging from the brief descriptions below, which one of these four teachers is using a mastery learning approach?

A)Ms.Heung gives examinations in which different students are asked different questions, depending on individual student needs and interests.
B)Mr.Bryant assigns term papers and oral reports rather than in-class examinations.
C)Ms.Carroll uses the highest four of a student's six exam scores to determine course grades.
D)Mr.Dickinson insists that students pass each test at the 80% level before beginning the next unit.

Question 32

Which one of the following objectives meets criteria described in the textbook?

A)"Teachers will show how to convert decimals to fractions and how to convert fractions to decimals."
B)"Students will work on problems that involve decimals and fractions."
C)"Students will correctly convert decimals to fractions and fractions to decimals."
D)"Students will study the relationship of decimals and fractions."

Question 33

Three of the following teachers are demonstrating principles of expository instruction.Which one is not?

A)Ms.Francoeur provides an outline slide at the start of her powerpoint presentation.
B)Mr.Schmidt uses the animation effects in his powerpoint presentations.
C)Mr.Bryant starts his lectures with a recap of the previous lecture.
D)Ms.Zanni ends each lesson with a summary of the major points.

Question 34

Which one of the following statements best illustrates prior knowledge activation in a geometry lesson?

A)"Today we will be studying three different kinds of triangles: acute, right, and obtuse."
B)"Calculating the volume of a sphere is similar to a procedure you learned last month-calculating the area of a circle."
C)"Okay, class, it's time to put your reading assignment away so that we can begin our geometry lesson."
D)"Do you know how many square feet you have in your bedroom? After learning how to calculate the area of a rectangle today, you will know how to figure out exactly how big your bedroom is."

Question 35

Mr.Nolan is going to teach a unit on Shakespeare to his English literature class.He realizes that his students will need to identify themes and main ideas, elaborate on what they read, and summarize each play.Which type of task analysis is Mr.Nolan conducting?

A)preliminary cognitive analysis
B)subject matter analysis
C)behavioural analysis
D)information processing analysis

Question 36

Three of the following are benefits to doing a task analysis.Which one is not necessarily a benefit?

A)teachers gain a better understanding of what students should learn.
B)students will retain more information.
C)teachers are aided in choosing instructional strategies.
D)teachers are aided in planning their lessons.

Question 37

Which one of the following is the major rationale underlying a mastery learning approach to instruction?

A)Students have greater self-esteem when they can all work at the same pace.
B)All students should be able to achieve at grade level.
C)Students should learn one topic well before moving on to a more difficult one.
D)Students construct their own understanding of the world from the information they receive.

Question 38

Which one of the following illustrates a signal in expository instruction?

A)Ms.Allen encourages her students to relate the new material to things they already know.
B)Mr.Ewert's enthusiasm about science is evident in every lecture he presents.
C)Mr.Christiansen gives students a list of the important concepts he will describe in class that day.
D)Ms.Dingwell looks sternly at two whispering students who are obviously not paying attention to the video she is showing.

Question 39

Jordan is learning to play the guitar.His guitar teacher performs a task analysis of Jordan's first lesson.Which one of the following best characterizes a behavioural task analysis of a guitar lesson?

A)Hold the neck in the left hand, hold the pick between the right thumb and index finger, and place the fingers of the left hand on the appropriate frets.
B)Learn what the treble and bass clefs are, where the frets are located, and how to play the various chords.
C)Define the task of guitar playing, memorize the finger placements, and retrieve prior knowledge of reading music.
D)Read and interpret the written music, identify the appropriate chords, and mentally keep time.

Question 40

Which one of the following is the best example of an advance organizer?

A)Ms.Hillman tells her students, "Tomorrow we will begin a unit on the Battle of the Scheldt.We will examine the reasons for the battle, the involvement of Canadians, and the reasons for the Canadian defeat."
B)After describing the characteristics of each of the planets in the solar system, Mr.Jones gives his students a handout that shows the orbits of the planets, their distances from the sun, and their relative sizes.
C)Ms.Lawford tells her students, "On Monday we will begin a unit on how clouds are formed.Please read the next chapter in your book before then."
D)Ms.Devries writes on the board, "Tell your parents to begin thinking about a costume that they can help you make to wear for our Thanksgiving pageant in three weeks."

Question 41

Three of the following are principles of operant conditioning found in programmed instruction.Which one is not necessarily present?

A)Active responding.
B)Intermittent Responding.
C)Immediate Reinforcement.
D)Shaping.

Question 42

Three of the following teaching strategies should help students benefit from a discovery learning situation.Which strategy is least likely to be helpful?

A)Mr.Sokol takes his students to the site of a battle and says, "Okay, look around and see what you can find."
B)Ms.Elliot asks students to write down their discoveries about what happens to a chemical solution when they heat it.
C)Ms.Talbot gives students several guidelines to follow as they conduct a physics experiment.
D)Mr.DiCicco makes sure students have some knowledge about triangles, including the concepts of base and height, then provides an exercise through which they discover for themselves the formula for calculating the area of a triangle.

Question 43

Which one of the following is the best example of a discovery learning approach to instruction?

A)Ms.Martin instructs her students to take notes during her lecture and then goes over the notes with them to make sure that they understand the material.
B)Mr.Tseng gives his students a free day to spend in the library reading about whatever subjects they like.
C)Mr.Won takes his science students to a tide pool and asks them to describe and categorize the different life forms they find there.
D)Ms.Henderson instructs her drama students to think about what their characters are like as they memorize their lines for a play.

Question 44

Research studies have documented the effectiveness of computer-based instruction (CBI).Which one of the following is not necessarily a reported benefit?

A)students gain in academic achievement.
B)students gain in extrinsic motivation.
C)students show improved attitudes toward school.
D)students gain control over their learning.

Question 45

Ms.Latner is using programmed instruction to teach basic principles of map interpretation.Students are least likely to encounter:

A)one-to-one interactions with their teacher.
B)a high probability of success when they answer a question.
C)immediate feedback about the accuracy of their responses.
D)a series of frames, each of which presents a small amount of new information.

Question 46

Three of the teachers below are using strategies consistent with the recommendations in the textbook regarding class discussions.Which teacher is using a strategy that is inconsistent with these recommendations?

A)Ms.Post asks his students to discuss a topic that he knows is controversial.
B)Mr.Morris allows students to remain silent throughout the discussion if they choose to do so.
C)Mr.Sheehan gives the students a structure that will guide their discussions.
D)Ms.Retzlaff divides her class into groups of four students each to discuss a controversial issue.

Question 47

When Ms.Krakowski teaches the process of long division, she describes the objective of the lesson and demonstrates the procedure on the chalkboard.Then she has students solve long-division problems at the chalkboard, where she can give them frequent guidance as they work.Later, after the students show some proficiency with long division, she has them work on additional problems at their desks.Ms.Krakowski's approach can best be classified as which of the following?

A)discovery learning
B)task analysis
C)student-directed instruction
D)direct instruction

Question 48

Canadian research ( Reid, 2002) that examined teacher perceptions of CBI in the classroom found that:

A)teachers are worried that CBI will negatively affect socialization in the real world.
B)teachers are not enthusiastic about CBI.
C)teachers have no knowledge of CBI.
D)teachers were actually overly qualified to use CBI.

Question 49

When teachers ask questions in class, it does not typically:

A)decrease the extent to which students need to process the material.
B)promote students' elaboration of the material.
C)help students to monitor their own comprehension of the material.
D)determine whether students understand the material.

Question 50

Ms.Jansen provides her students with all of the components (wires etc.) to put together a desktop computer and printer without a diagram and instructions.This is an example of:

A)expository learning.
B)computer-based instruction.
C)goal-directed learning.
D)discovery learning.

Question 51

Three of the characteristics listed below are frequently found in computer-based instruction.In CBI, we are least likely to see:

A)questions that ask students to recall what they already know about a topic.
B)strategies for catching and keeping students' attention.
C)opportunities for group discussion of the material.
D)drill-and-practice exercises that promote automaticity.

Question 52

A mastery learning approach would probably be most suitable for teaching:

A)introductory German.
B)a philosophy seminar.
C)advanced techniques of photography.
D)controversial issues in history.

Question 53

Which one of the following is necessary for ICT to be used as a means for differentiating instruction?

A)the most advanced equipment.
B)a computer support person.
C)access and training for all students.
D)advanced credentials in technology for teachers.

Question 54

What is the most important consideration for in-class activities?

A)that they help students accomplish instructional objectives.
B)that they are at an "evaluating" level.
C)that they be collaborative.
D)that they require little advance planning.

Question 55

The SPELT program which is used in the province of Alberta is best described as an example of:

A)cooperative learning.
B)computer instruction.
C)discovery learning.
D)cognitive strategy instruction.

Question 56

Three of the following are reported benefits of utilizing lower-level questions.Which one is not necessarily a benefit?

A)assist students' attention strategies.
B)assist students' comprehension monitoring.
C)assist students' ability to go beyond the learned material.
D)assist teachers in determining students' prior knowledge.

Question 57

Class discussions can serve several useful purposes.However, class discussion is not likely to be helpful in:

A)promoting transfer of mathematical principles to real-world problems.
B)helping students discover that history is not necessarily all "fact".
C)promoting conceptual change in science.
D)facilitating the memorization of a poem.

Question 58

According to the textbook, teachers have concerns about computer-based instruction.Which of the following is not a concern of teachers?

A)CBI increases the need for technical support in schools.
B)Students have less opportunity for socialization.
C)Teachers need additional training in order to integrate the technology.
D)CBI is distracting and therefore students will not achieve learning goals as readily.

Question 59

Direct instruction incorporates:

A)expository learning and mastery learning
B)mastery learning and task analysis
C)expository learning and task analysis
D)programmed instruction and mastery learning

Question 60

Using the guidelines presented in the textbook, choose the activity below that would be most appropriate for a classroom discussion.

A)interpreting Edgar Allan Poe's poem The Raven
B)learning the various tenses of the verb to be
C)studying the history of the United Nations
D)learning how gravity affects the speed with which an object falls to the earth

Question 61

As a teacher, you want two students who have physical disabilities to develop closer friendships with their non-disabled classmates.Of the following choices, the best instructional approach to use for this purpose is:

A)hypermedia
B)mastery learning
C)cooperative learning
D)expository instruction

Question 62

Many advocates of cooperative learning recommend that the most effective cooperative groups are those that include a wide range of student ability levels.How can we best summarize research findings regarding the effectiveness of different kinds of groups?

A)Heterogeneous grouping maximizes student achievement.
B)Low-ability students do better when placed with high-ability students, but middle-ability students work best with students very similar to themselves in ability.
C)High-ability students rarely benefit from working with low-ability students.
D)Research results are inconclusive with regard to the optimal range of ability levels within a particular group.

Question 63

In cooperative learning, you would be most likely to form all-male and all-female cooperative groups if your goal was to:

A)maximize the heterogeneity of group members' ability levels.
B)use scripted cooperation to facilitate the activity.
C)establish base groups for the entire school year.
D)encourage all group members to participate actively.

Question 64

Which one of the following is unlikely to be effective instructional techniques for younger students?

A)active student responding.
B)lectures.
C)computer-based instruction.
D)direct instruction.

Question 65

Recent Action research by a teacher in Alberta (Nero, 2008) used email to connect Canadian 2^nd graders to classes in South Africa and Autstralia in the common quest to update information on "People in the world." Why might this be an example of a community of learners?

A)because students co-operated to enhance each other's learning.
B)because students developed friendships.
C)because students learned to use a new tool for communication.
D)because on-line communities are already "communities of learners".

Question 66

Three of the following statements are accurate regarding recommended teaching strategies for students with special needs.Which statement is not accurate?

A)Students with specific cognitive difficulties can use grammar and spell checkers to compensate for possible deficits in their language skills.
B)Expository instruction can be an effective method for students with advanced cognitive development.
C)Students with general delays in cognitive development benefit most from discovery learning approaches.
D)Hypermedia provides a means through which students with specific cognitive difficulties can learn through multiple modalities.

Question 67

Which one of the following best reflects technology-based discussions as the textbook describes them?

A)Students share their work on a classroom data base, give one another feedback, and build on one another's ideas.
B)At a pre-designated time, students sit at computer terminals in pairs or trios and converse with their peers across the nation.
C)Students "meet" in Internet "chat rooms" during the evening hours to work on cooperative group projects.
D)Two classes in distant locations use telephone lines and video technology to exchange ideas about a topic of mutual interest.

Question 68

The concept from behaviourism that figures prominently in cooperative learning is:

A)intrinsic reinforcement.
B)continuous reinforcement.
C)group contingency.
D)conditioned response.

Question 69

Three of the following are reasons why cooperative learning is successful.Which one is not a reason?

A)Higher-ability students do much of the work for lower-ability students.
B)Students help one another learn and understand the material at a meaningful level.
C)Students model effective thinking skills for one another.
D)Students reinforce one another for achieving at a high level.

Question 70

A base group in cooperative learning is a group that:

A)works on knowledge and skills that are prerequisites for later material.
B)provides ongoing academic support for its members.
C)convenes for an entire day to plan and carry out a lengthy project.
D)meets once a month to discuss each student's academic progress.

Question 71

Which of the following teachers is not using a cognitive teaching strategy?

A)Mr.Wyth gives his students a mnemonic strategy that they can use as a memory cue when writing reports.
B)Ms.Pritchard "thinks aloud" for her students as they learn a strategy for writing reports.
C)Ms.Edmunds is patient and lets her students struggle with writing reports.She knows the value of having them come up with their own learning strategies.
D)Mr.Hayes gives his students many opportunities to practice their newly learned strategy for writing reports.

Question 72

Three of the following are consistent with the recommendations in the textbook for using peer tutoring.Which one is not consistent with these recommendations?

A)Peer tutoring can be used effectively to help students who have been identified as having learning disabilities.
B)Tutors function most effectively when they are allowed to use teaching strategies that they develop on their own.
C)Teachers should continually monitor the effects of peer tutoring to be sure that both the tutors and the students being tutored are learning from the process.
D)Tutors are most effective when they have learned the subject matter very well.

Question 73

Three of the following are strategies that enhance the effectiveness of cooperative groups.Which one does not necessarily enhance the effectiveness?

A)make sure that the groups are effective.
B)provide clear behavioural guidelines.
C)give common goals to the group.
D)structure the task so that students are working independently in their groups.

Question 74

Cooperative learning can be justified from three of the following theoretical concepts.Which one of the underlined concepts that follow is least relevant to cooperative learning?

A)Students in a cooperative group provide scaffolding for one another as they attempt challenging tasks.
B)Students are getting continuous reinforcement for their responses.
C)Social interaction among students facilitates knowledge construction.
D)Students' self-efficacy increases when they see their classmates succeed.

Question 75

What differentiates the SPELT program from other programs that use cognitive strategy instruction?

A)a focus on spontaneous strategy use.
B)a curriculum with inclusive learning and thinking strategies.
C)an expository learning approach.
D)a focus on meta-cognitive awareness.

Question 76

Which one of the following teachers is using the recommended approach to evaluating students' achievement in a cooperative learning situation?

A)Ms.Au has students take notes on what they are learning throughout a cooperative learning session.
B)Mr.Baer's cooperative groups turn in a research paper co-authored by all group members.
C)Mr.Tomlinson's students meet with him in their cooperative groups to explain to him what they have learned during the session.
D)Ms.Irwin gives students a quiz on the material they have studied; students get extra credit if everyone in their group scores high.

Question 77

The students in Mr.Cohen's class have formed cooperative groups of three students each to study a chapter in their science book.Which one of the following best illustrates how the students might use scripted cooperation during the activity?

A)The students divide the chapter up into sections that each contain roughly one-third of the material.They read their allotted sections and then plan how they can best teach the material to their fellow group members.
B)The students work actively to help one another learn because they know that their final grade for the activity will depend not only on how much they learn, but also on how much the other two group members learn.
C)One student reads a paragraph aloud, a second summarizes it, and the third listens for any errors or omissions the second student might have made.The three students change roles for each successive paragraph.
D)At the end of the cooperative learning activity, Mr.Cohen asks each group to evaluate its effectiveness in terms of these questions: "Did you all actively participate?" "Did you listen to one another?" "Did you criticize ideas rather than people?"

Question 78

Which one of the following cooperative groups is using the jigsaw technique?

A)When studying types of mountains (volcanic, dome, fold, and block), each student studies one type and teaches what he or she has learned to other group members.
B)When attempting to solve several challenging mathematics problems, group members brainstorm possible ways of solving each one.
C)As they prepares for a debate about capital punishment, a cooperative group decides which member will present which argument.
D)After everyone has read Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, group members divide up the scenes of the play, and each student skims through his or her scenes for examples of symbolism.

Question 79

These teachers are using peer tutoring in their class.Which one is most likely to be effective?

A)Ms.Harper provides a framework for tutoring sessions.
B)Ms.Klein has tutors deign all of their own learning objectives.
C)Mr.Smith allows high-achieving students to be tutors.
D)Mr.Ross hires trained professionals to tutor the students in his class.

Question 80

Which one of the following teaching strategies is probably least likely to be effective for a class of students from diverse ethnic backgrounds?

A)conducting peer tutoring sessions
B)assigning textbook readings
C)assigning cooperative learning activities
D)having small-group discussions