Deck 3: Personal, Social, and Moral Development

Question 1

The formation of children's self-concepts is most strongly influenced by:

A)their inherited temperaments.
B)their physical attractiveness.
C)how other people treat them.
D)the self-concepts of their parents.

Answer 1

how other people treat them.

Question 2

Which of the following is true about the distinctions between self-efficacy and self-concept?

A)self-efficacy is a general feeling about oneself
B)self-concept is goal-driven
C)self-concept is too general of a concept to be broken down into smaller components
D)self-concept is a mutli-layered belief system

Answer 2

self-concept is a mutli-layered belief system

Question 3

Temperament is:

A)the way that individuals have learned to react to environmental stimuli as a result of their past experiences.
B)an inherited predisposition to interact with one's environment in certain ways.
C)the extent to which people are either outgoing (extroverted) or withdrawn (introverted).
D)the extent to which people either like or dislike themselves.

Answer 3

an inherited predisposition to interact with one's environment in certain ways.

Question 4

According to your text, what is self-esteem?

A)Beliefs about one's own value and worth
B)Beliefs about one's abilities
C)Beliefs about one's culture
D)A reflection of societal norms

Question 5

Which one of the following best illustrates a norm that children acquire through the socialization process?

A)sitting quietly in class
B)eating when hungry
C)keeping others from doing their work
D)turning and looking at the source of a loud noise

Question 6

Children's self-concepts become increasingly stable, and therefore increasingly more difficult to change, as they grow older.Which one of the following is the most likely explanation for the increasing stability of self-concept over time?

A)Maturational factors play a major role in the formation of self-concept; these factors continue to unfold throughout childhood.
B)Research studies indicate that self-concept has a strong genetic component.
C)Most of a student's teachers and classmates behave in ways that consistently lower the student's self-concept.
D)Children will behave in ways consistent with their self-concepts, thereby reaffirming their views of themselves.

Question 7

According to your text, what is the role that culture plays in social development?

A)sensitization
B)differentiation
C)socialization
D)fragmentation

Question 8

Authoritarian parenting is best demonstrated by which of the following examples?

A)Kaila involves her son Ben in the family decisions and she attends all of Ben's soccer games even though she is not generally a fan of sports.
B)Jim expects his two children to be the best and to follow his many rules without exception.
C)Valerie is too busy with her ballet schedule to worry about rules and standards for her children
D)Sierra, a retired model, puts her daughter Jenny in numerous pageants even though Jenny has stated that she hates them

Question 9

Which of the following is not an example of the behaviours that teachers expect and encourage?

A)obeying rules at home
B)delaying gratification
C)following instructions
D)showing respect for authority

Question 10

Which one of the following fifth graders clearly shows signs of attachment?

A)Miranda seems withdrawn and frightened much of the time.
B)Brian seems unusually preoccupied with an attractive young actress who stars in a popular television show.
C)Shelly has no friends and behaves aggressively toward the other girls in her class.
D)Raj is self-confident and often likes to work independently.

Question 11

We can most effectively enhance students' self-concepts and self-esteem when we:

A)hold high yet achievable expectations for their performance.
B)hold expectations for performance that we know they can achieve with little or no effort.
C)encourage them to think more positively about themselves.
D)talk about the advantages of having a positive self-concept.

Question 12

Ms.Smith is concerned about one of her students, Victor.She would like to help him improve his self-concept.What would be the best approach?

A)give Victor positive reinforcement when he succeeds at easy tasks
B)have peers model appropriate classroom behaviours
C)create a situation where Victor can be successful at challenging tasks
D)create a competitive environment where Victor can make social comparisons

Question 13

Students usually have feelings about their competence in three general areas: cognitive competence, social competence, and physical competence.Which one of the following is an example of social competence?

A)Perry thinks that his teacher likes him because he is the best speller in his class.
B)Teresa prefers to do her math problems in cooperative groups rather than alone.
C)Mia likes her classmates and knows that they like her.
D)Devin does not think he does very well in physical education, but his teacher thinks he is a capable athlete.

Question 14

Which student has probably come from a home in which his or her parents exhibit an authoritative parenting style?

A)Rhoda is anxious and unhappy.
B)Francine is impulsive and disobedient.
C)Zina is well-behaved and self-confident.
D)Patrick is selfish and unmotivated.

Question 15

Which of the following is not part of the authors' recommendations for teachers regarding the support of student self-concepts?

A)be specific about the praise that you give
B)ask students about how their self-concept is supported at home
C)seek student input about classroom decisions
D)catch students in the act of doing something well

Question 16

Which one of these examples best reflects the role that self-concept typically plays in achievement and school behaviour?

A)Jaime thinks of herself as physically fit, so she does not think she needs to participate in sports or other physical activities.
B)Sheri does not want to take any more math classes because she knows she is already good at math.
C)Nettie does not think she is very popular, so she smiles at others and tries to talk to them so they will like her.
D)Deborah knows she is a good reader, so she takes an extra reading class as an elective.

Question 17

As students grow older, they are more likely to:

A)hold themselves to unrealistically high standards for performance.
B)be satisfied with low levels of performance.
C)evaluate their own performance in terms of how it compares with that of their classmates.
D)evaluate their own performance in terms of how much improvement it shows over time.

Question 18

If we extend research findings regarding effective parenting styles to the classroom, teachers would be well advised to:

A)insist on strict obedience, with immediate punishment for infractions.
B)establish fair rules and high expectations, and provide loving support.
C)allow students to make their own decisions regarding how they should and should not behave in the classroom.
D)reward good behaviour and ignore inappropriate behaviour.

Question 19

Victoria is a student who does not believe that she can be academically successful.Considering the factors that promote a positive self-concept, Victoria's teacher should:

A)tell her at least once a day that she is smarter than she thinks she is.
B)tell her that social skills are more important than academics anyway.
C)put her in situations in which she will experience academic success.
D)foster a friendship between Victoria and a student who is academically gifted.

Question 20

Given what we know about people's self-concepts, three of the following are likely scenarios.Which scenario is not likely to occur?

A)Tyler knows he has many friends, but he wishes he were a better student.
B)Gary vacillates between thinking of himself as being very smart and as being extremely stupid.
C)Juan thinks that kids his age do not like him, so he spends most of his spare time with his parents.
D)Earl knows he is good in math and science but thinks of himself as a complete klutz when it comes to sports.

Question 21

Which of the following is not considered a criticism of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

A)abilities and disabilities were not considered in the development of the theory
B)gender differences were not considered in the development of the theory
C)the role of culture was absent in the development of the theory
D)some concepts such as identity were too simplistic

Question 22

The textbook suggests that the effects of peer pressure have been overrated.Three of the following are factors that ameliorate, or "soften," the potential effects of peer pressure.Which statement is not one of these factors?

A)Students may give an outward impression of acting "cool" or "going along with the crowd" while secretly behaving in accordance with their own standards.
B)Students tend to hang out with peers whose values and interests are similar to their own.
C)Students retain some of the values they have acquired from their families.
D)Most adolescents have developed abstract moral principles that guide their daily decision making.

Question 23

Jean-Louis, a fourteen-year old who has a learning disability, is starting at a new school on Monday after a move to a new city.What recommendation would you give his parents to help him stay away from peer pressure?

A)Transfer him to a school that specializes in learning disabilities.
B)Discourage him from making friends at his new school.
C)Strengthen parental bonds with Jean-Louis.
D)Encourage Jean-Louis to make friends with a younger group.

Question 24

Sixteen-year-old Lisa has known since she was four years old that she will become a teacher.Her grandmother was a teacher, and her mother and two aunts are teachers.She has never even thought about any other occupation.Lisa can best be described as showing:

A)identity diffusion.
B)foreclosure.
C)moratorium.
D)identity achievement.

Question 25

Which one of the following best illustrates a sense of identity?

A)Jimmy takes pride in his First Nation heritage.
B)Shea knows she could be a better dancer if she practiced more often.
C)Drew wonders whether she should be a doctor or a lawyer. Noah feels confident that he will make new friends when he moves to a new
School district next year.

Question 26

One of the most important stages in a child's early years is Erikson's stage of initiative vs.guilt, in which children learn to:

A)control their bodily functions so they do not feel guilty about having "accidents."
B)take initiative in feeding and dressing themselves.
C)plan and carry out some of their own activities.
D)persevere at difficult tasks.

Question 27

Which of Erikson's stages is hinged on having established one's identity?

A)industry vs.inferiority
B)identity vs.role confusion
C)intimacy vs.isolation
D)generativity vs.stagnation

Question 28

After being labelled a "geek" by the very popular students at Rider High School, Dov asked five of his gamer friends to wear "geek pride" t-shirts to school.Dov's request is likely to create a:

A)clique.
B)subculture.
C)norm group.
D)gang.

Question 29

Which one of the following illustrates developmental theorists' notion of the personal fable?

A)Olivia becomes very popular with her peers when she makes up a story that she is from another country and has royal blood in her family.
B)Wenda has trouble getting along with teachers because she believes herself to be especially vulnerable to illness and injury.
C)Zach feels he is just like everyone else-a nobody-so he is not very popular.
D)Cameron feels he is invincible, immortal, and immune to the problems others face.

Question 30

According to Erik Erikson, students' ability to trust those around them stems from:

A)early experiences with teachers.
B)experiences with adults during infancy.
C)peer behaviours during the elementary years.
D)friendships formed during the teenage years.

Question 31

As a 17-year-old high school senior, Julian has no sense of direction.Over the past year he has dabbled in auto mechanics, photography, and Buddhism, but nothing has held his interest for more than a month or so.Julian can best be described as showing:

A)identity diffusion
B)foreclosure
C)moratorium
D)identity achievement

Question 32

Jules is discovering that by being able to write all his letters, he is winning the approval of his teacher.Without knowing anything else about Jules, the best guess is that he is in Erikson's stage of:

A)trust vs.mistrust.
B)autonomy vs.shame and doubt.
C)initiative vs.guilt.
D)industry vs.inferiority.

Question 33

Mary Jane, a sixth grader, nearly always eats lunch with the same five or six girls.They usually spread out at the table so no other girls can sit with them.Sometimes they even plan together what they will wear to school the next day.Mary Jane's group is an example of a:

A)clique.
B)subculture.
C)norm group.
D)gang.

Question 34

Which one of the following examples illustrates how the imaginary audience can be a factor in the adolescent's developing self-concept?

A)Annette talks to an imaginary friend when she is having problems and feels she has no one else to turn to.
B)Ingrid feels as if everyone must be looking at her when she walks down the hall with her friends.
C)Shannon feels detached, as if she has no life of her own but is only watching everyone else live their lives.
D)Suzanne feels self-conscious when she has to get up in front of her class and give a speech from memory.

Question 35

What is the best possible explanation for the inflated self-esteem of many preschool and elementary school aged children?

A)young children don't receive enough negative feedback from parents
B)television programs promote a collaborative approach
C)teachers do not provide their young students with challenging tasks
D)fewer opportunities for social comparison in the early years

Question 36

Three of the following teachers are using strategies that should promote their students' self-esteem.Which strategy probably will not?

A)Mr.Lawson tells Susan, "The short story you wrote yesterday was a really good start.The main character seems a little flat, though.Let's sit down and brainstorm some ideas as to how you might give her more life."
B)Ms.Barnes hopes to motivate her students to succeed by having them participate in various academic competitions.
C)Ms.Lazar tells her students she fully expects that all of them will be able to succeed in her class if they work hard and seek her help when they need it.
D)When Brad is hospitalized with a broken leg, Ms.Lariviere comes by to see how he is doing and to bring him some assignments to do during his absence from class.

Question 37

If we consider Erikson's theory of personal development, then which one of the following issues would we expect secondary students to be most concerned about?

A)wanting to form a close and intimate relationship with another human being
B)trying to decide who they really are and the role they will play in adult society
C)needing to gain the recognition of parents and teachers through their academic activities and achievements
D)finding a way to wiggle out of doing difficult tasks

Question 38

Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is a:

A)series of stages, each of which has a unique developmental task to be dealt with.
B)process of growing increasingly self-confident through the years as one's competence improves.
C)series of stages in which people develop increasingly more sophisticated social skills.
D)progression of increasingly more abstract understandings of social situations.

Question 39

Which one of the following best illustrates Erikson's stage of identity vs.role confusion?

A)Jason is always wishing that things could be different than they are.
B)Beth cannot keep a steady boyfriend.
C)Craig is trying to decide what he wants to be when he grows up.
D)Tracy underestimates her ability to learn mathematics.

Question 40

Friendships are especially important in social development because children and adolescents:

A)can practice cooperation and reciprocity only with people they care deeply about.
B)are deeply committed to those relationships and will develop the skills needed to maintain them.
C)develop high self-esteem only if they participate in enjoyable recreational activities at least twice a week (on average).
D)develop internal standards for behaviour only when friends reinforce such standards.

Question 41

In what way do Kohlberg's stages of moral development relate to Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

A)Certain stages of cognitive development are a prerequisite to certain stages of moral reasoning.
B)Certain stages of moral reasoning are a prerequisite to certain stages of cognitive development.
C)Piaget's and Kohlberg's stages are both based on Erikson's stages of psychosocial development.
D)Piaget's and Kohlberg's stages are both heavily dependent on physiological maturation.

Question 42

Three of the following are accurate statements about the shortcomings of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning.Which one is inaccurate?

A)Most elementary school children distinguish between two kinds of "wrong" behaviours-those that are morally wrong and those that violate cultural standards.
B)The same person may reason at different levels depending on the situation.
C)Children may show conventional thinking for several years and then revert back to preconventional thinking when they reach adolescence.
D)Young children are not as influenced by consequences and the dictates of authority figures as Kohlberg suggested.

Question 43

Which one of the following most accurately reflects how research links moral behaviour and moral reasoning?

A)Connie reasons at a Stage 1 level, but she behaves at Stage 4 when she is taught Stage 4 behaviour.
B)Ian behaves at Stage 2 when under stress, although he is capable of reasoning at Stage 3.
C)Louise reasons at Stage 5, but usually behaves at Stage 1 or 2.
D)Ross reasons at a postconventional level, but his behaviour shows no morals at all.

Question 44

Anita's idea of how to interact with her classmates is to tease or insult them.Not surprisingly, she has few friends.Her teacher can best help her by:

A)doing nothing, because her peers are her most effective teachers.
B)asking the principal to move Anita to a different classroom.
C)encouraging classmates to reciprocate by teasing and insulting her, so she will know how such treatment feels.
D)teaching her more productive social interaction skills.

Question 45

If we look at children's moral development from the perspective of Lawrence Kohlberg's stage theory, then we see which of the following trends?

A)Preschool children have little idea of what behaviours are likely to be punished.As they proceed through the school years, they show an increasing tendency to avoid punishment by behaving appropriately.
B)In the late elementary years (fifth and sixth grade), we see a temporary reversal to the immoral behaviour of the preschool years.
C)Children become increasingly more "religious" in how they define "right" and "wrong" (e.g., by defining "right" as obeying the Ten Commandments).
D)Children become increasingly more likely to define "right" and "wrong" in terms of what behaviours will help society run smoothly.

Question 46

Which one of the following individuals is in Kohlberg's social contract stage of moral reasoning?

A)Jacques does what the teacher says because he knows he will be punished if he does not.
B)Barbara obeys the teacher because she wants the teacher to think nice things about her.
C)Clara obeys the teacher because she understands that the only way schools can run smoothly is if students behave appropriately.
D)Rafael obeys the teacher because the rules say he must obey, and it is his duty to obey.

Question 47

Three of the following strategies should foster the development of students' social skills.Which strategy, although possibly beneficial in other ways, will not foster more appropriate social skills?

A)Ms.Ackerman sees two students having a minor disagreement and decides to let them work it out for themselves.
B)When the school principal visits Mr.Brightman's fifth-grade class seeking volunteers to work at the school library fundraiser on Friday afternoon, Mr.Brightman says to his students, "You have always been a very thoughtful and helpful class.How many of you can spare a couple of hours after school on Friday?"
C)During an important district-wide test, Ms.Chambers reminds her students to keep their eyes on their own papers.
D)Mr.Reimer will not tolerate sexist or racist jokes in his classroom and openly tells his students so.

Question 48

Which one of the following statements reflects Kohlberg's preconventional moral reasoning?

A)"It's okay to cheat on this exam because the teacher isn't watching me."
B)"It isn't fair to the students who studied hard if I cheat."
C)"Cheating is against school rules, so I shouldn't do it."
D)"The most popular boy in school cheats all the time, so I guess I can too."

Question 49

Carol Gilligan's theory of moral development differs from Lawrence Kohlberg's theory in that it:

A)focuses more on a "human rights" perspective of moral development.
B)focuses more on the development of caring and compassion.
C)proposes that boys exhibit more rapid moral development than girls.
D)proposes that girls exhibit more rapid moral development than boys.

Question 50

The parents of students in your fifth-grade class want you to include moral issues in your classroom curriculum.A few who have read Kohlberg's theory of moral development want you to help the students progress to postconventional moral reasoning.You should reply by pointing out that:

A)there is nothing you can do to promote moral development before students reach adolescence.
B)this is a good idea because postconventional reasoning will promote abstract thought.
C)research studies indicate that most students have already reached the postconventional level by fifth grade.
D)postconventional reasoning is an unrealistic goal for fifth graders.

Question 51

Figure 3.3 in your textbook is titled "Educational mission and vision statements of Canadian provinces and territories".According to the information in this figure, what sentiment is reflected in most of Canadian mission statements regarding the role of schooling?

A)schooling should create expertise in science and technology to match the demands of a changing work environment.
B)schooling should be centered around increasing prosocial skills among all students.
C)moral education does not have a place in our school systems.
D)school should promote academic and moral development.

Question 52

Your students are reasoning at Kohlberg's second stage of moral reasoning.In a discussion of people who are homeless, you present reasoning at Kohlberg's fifth stage.From Kohlberg's perspective, what influence are your remarks likely to have on your students' moral reasoning?

A)It will help move them to Stage 3.
B)It will help move them to Stage 5.
C)It will make them move back to Stage 1.
D)It will have little effect on their moral development.

Question 53

According to developmentalists, what component of morality to both Kohlberg and Gilligan's theories ignore?

A)affective.
B)cognitive.
C)behavioural.
D)neurological.

Question 54

According to your textbook, prosocial behaviour is:

A)behaviour directed at improving another's well-being.
B)behaviour that increases one's self-esteem.
C)behaviour that makes a social statement.
D)behaviour that is positively rewarding.

Question 55

Which of the following is not a research finding stemming from Kohlberg's theory:

A)post-conventional reasoning is not seen in all cultures.
B)people can reason in more than one stage.
C)moral thinking and moral behaviour are strongly related.
D)moral reasoning is often situational.

Question 56

Many of the students at Buchanan Junior High know that John and Sara have been "going out" for the past two months.Given what we know about students' early dating habits, it is most likely that John and Sara:

A)have confided in each other about very personal and private matters.
B)have many of the same interests and enjoy each other's company.
C)find each other attractive but do not know each other very well.
D)have begun to experiment in sexually intimate ways.

Question 57

Which one of the following romantic relationships would be most typical?

A)Lily, a third grader, feels as if she is the only girl in her class without a boyfriend.
B)Jake, a fifth grader, has taken Andrea to the movies several times and thinks about her constantly.
C)Sonia, a seventh grader, has a crush on her science teacher and giggles with her friends whenever he walks by.
D)Karen, an eighth grader, has a sexually intimate relationship with her boyfriend Terry.

Question 58

If we consider Kohlberg's theory of moral development, we could best characterize children's moral development as a process of:

A)progressing through a series of stages from self-centeredness to increasing concern about the needs and rights of others.
B)learning to obey the rules that society, government, and religion have established.
C)remaining extremely self-centered until well into adolescence.
D)being almost exclusively a function of how directly students have been instructed about morality and moral issues.

Question 59

Lawrence Kohlberg studied the moral development of children by:

A)asking them to imagine being in another person's situation.
B)asking them to respond to situations with no obvious right or wrong answers.
C)observing how they acted in real-life situations calling for moral behaviour.
D)comparing their moral beliefs with their moral behaviour.

Question 60

Which one of the following individuals is in Kohlberg's law and order stage of moral reasoning?

A)Jacques does what the teacher says because he knows he will be punished if he does not.
B)Barbara obeys the teacher because she wants the teacher to think nice things about her.
C)Clara obeys the teacher because she understands that the only way schools can run smoothly is if students behave appropriately.
D)Rafael obeys the teacher because the rules say he must obey, and it is his duty to obey.

Question 61

Which teacher is doing the most to foster the overall development of his students?

A)Mr.Blake ensures that his students will obey all of his strict rules by imposing severe consequences for failure.
B)Ms.Mecham gives her students complete freedom in the classroom so that they will learn to cooperate with one another.
C)Mr.Chu conveys the message that he likes his students and wants them to succeed in the classroom.
D)Mr.Dunkel treats well-behaved students with warmth and kindness and ignores unruly students.

Question 62

Students' self-concepts and self-esteem related to school subject matter affect their learning and performance in the classroom.Imagine that you have several students with extremely low self-esteem regarding their ability to perform in your class.Simply giving them encouragement-for example, "You can do it if you try!"-may not be especially effective.Keeping in mind the factors that affect self-concept and self-esteem, describe three different strategies that you might use to enhance your students' confidence so that they can succeed in school.Describe each of these strategies in terms of specific things that you might do in the classroom.

Question 63

Which one of the following statements is most likely to promote students' moral development?

A)"Your behaviour is not allowed in this classroom.As a consequence, you'll have to stay after school today."
B)"You mustn't take Spencer's paper, or I won't like you any more."
C)"If you don't help with clean-up, you don't get to go out on recess."
D)"You destroyed Eva's paper, and now she has to stay late to finish rewriting it."

Question 64

Three of the following statements accurately describe how motivation influences moral behaviour.Which statement is not necessarily accurate?

A)Children become less generous with age, apparently because they gain greater appreciation for the value of money.
B)Some adolescents incorporate a commitment to helping others into their self-concepts.
C)Students are more likely to behave morally if doing so does not cause them much inconvenience.
D)Students are more likely to behave morally if they know they will gain others' approval by doing so.

Question 65

Considering Eisenberg's research regarding the development of prosocial behaviour, at what age level do most students begin to show genuine empathy regarding the well-being of others?

A)preschool
B)early elementary grades
C)late elementary grades
D)junior high or high school

Question 66

Three of the following are classroom strategies that promote moral development among students with special educational needs because of social or cognitive delays.Which of the following is not a good strategy?

A)provide concrete rules and classroom procedures.
B)provide praise and feedback on social skills.
C)focus only on remedial academic skills.
D)provide opportunities to practice social skills.

Question 67

Feelings of empathy are especially important for the development of:

A)what Erik Erikson calls "industry".
B)what Erik Erikson calls "initiative".
C)prosocial behaviour.
D)self-esteem.

Question 68

Three of the following strategies are likely to promote moral development.Which one, although possibly appropriate in certain situations, is unlikely to promote students' moral development?

A)Give students reasons why some behaviours are unacceptable.
B)Have students discuss moral issues related to classroom subject matter.
C)Make sure that students know who is "boss" in the classroom.
D)Model morally appropriate behaviour.

Question 69

At a parent/teacher meeting at your school, several parents complain about the moral decline of today's youth and argue that the school should be giving regular lectures about the importance of honesty, loyalty, generosity, and so on.If the teachers and school administrators are up to date on research regarding moral development, they should respond by saying that such lectures:

A)can only be effective if parents urge their children to take the lectures seriously.
B)would do little if anything to promote moral behaviour.
C)are likely to be effective for junior high and high school students but not for elementary school students.
D)are likely to be effective for elementary school students but not for junior high and high school students.

Question 70

Which one of the following teacher behaviours illustrates an important factor in the social and/or moral development of children?

A)Ms.Chapman allows her fourth graders to fight with the class bully so he will learn from their negative feedback.
B)Mr.Freeman takes his sixth-grade class to see a violent film and then stresses the importance of not engaging in such violence.
C)Ms.Morin isolates those students who cannot get along with others so they do not promote discord in the classroom.
D)Mr.Jim describes the prosocial behaviours he expects of his students and gives concrete examples of such behaviours.

Question 71

The availability of comparison groups affects the development of self-esteem.In your opinion, how might daycare or preschool affect the development of self-esteem? What strategies could early childhood educators use to promote self-esteem among very young children? Make reference to Erikson's theory in your response.

Question 72

Which of the following best demonstrates induction?

A)"I am giving you a timeout because you hit your sister"
B)"Hitting your sister is wrong because it hurts her"
C)"Hitting your sister is wrong".
D)"Your sister should hit you so you learn not to hit others".

Question 73

Susan is a student with ADHD and therefore has special educational needs.She has low
self-esteem related to her difficulty with reading, a greater susceptibility to peer pressure, poor social skills and few friendships.Suggest at least four classroom strategies that you would employ to promote her personal, social and moral development.