Deck 4: Individual and Group Differences

Question 1

Three of the following are accurate statements about the limitations of intelligence tests.Which one is not an accurate statement?

A)Some students may have little motivation to perform at their best.
B)They may yield somewhat different scores for the same student on different occasions.
C)They focus more on the kinds of things females are likely to know and so are biased against males.
D)They focus on skills important in mainstream Western culture and ignore some skills more important in other cultures.

Answer 1

They focus more on the kinds of things females are likely to know and so are biased against males.

Question 2

What was Robbie Case's main contribution to the field of cognitive development among children?

A)that cognitive development progresses through stages.
B)that classroom learning is unrelated to neurological development.
C)that IQ tests were often culturally "unfair".
D)that academic and social experiences should be considered in relation to working memory.

Answer 2

that academic and social experiences should be considered in relation to working memory.

Question 3

Lila is ten years old.She gets a score of 97 on an IQ test.What does this tell us about her intellectual ability?

A)Lila must be a very smart girl-100 is a perfect score.
B)Lila is brighter than two-thirds of her age-mates, as IQ scores go up to about 150.
C)Lila's score is in the bottom fifth of the population.
D)Lila's score is about average for her age group.

Answer 3

Lila's score is about average for her age group.

Question 4

What concept from the chapter on cognitive development is most like the notion of distributed intelligence?

A)zone of proximal development
B)scaffolding
C)cognitive apprenticeship
D)schemes

Question 5

Which of the following is the most appropriate use of intelligence tests in Canada's education systems?

A)to determine who should be eligible for private schools.
B)to provide a gauge of how effective instruction is.
C)to identify students who may require special educational services.
D)to predict which students are likely to perform best in demanding professional careers.

Question 6

The teacher of a sixth grade class is concerned about the poor academic performance of a 12-year-old student named Nancy.The teacher looks through Nancy's school records and discovers that Nancy got an IQ score of 80 when she took an intelligence test in preschool.Considering the discussion of IQ scores in the textbook, the teacher should conclude that:

A)Nancy's IQ is mostly an inherited characteristic, so there is little the teacher can do to improve her learning potential.
B)Nancy's IQ is mostly due to environmental conditions; given proper stimulation, instruction, and curricular materials, it can probably be raised as much as 30 points over the next school year.
C)Nancy's IQ score in preschool is not necessarily a good reflection of her capability in sixth grade.
D)Nancy may still be at Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development.

Question 7

Emanuel is a very talented dancer; he also shows considerable creativity in art class.He finds math and science classes very difficult, but he loves to read and tell stories to his many friends.Which view of intelligence is best reflected in Emanuel's abilities?

A)Sternberg's triarchic theory
B)Gardner's multiple intelligences
C)Piaget's theory of cognitive development
D)distributed intelligence

Question 8

Which one of the following statements best reflects Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?

A)Intelligent behaviour is a function of how well people draw on their prior experiences and cognitively process information in order to adapt to their particular environmental situation.
B)Intelligence is due to heredity, environment, and a complex interaction between the two; ultimately, these three things can never be isolated by researchers.
C)Intelligent behaviour evolves in three stages: concrete thought, abstract thought, and automaticity.
D)To be truly intelligent, one must show competence in creativity and social skills as well as in traditional academic tasks.

Question 9

Which one of the following teachers is using a strategy that reflects the concept of distributed intelligence?

A)Ms.Nugent asks students to exchange and grade one another's homework assignments.
B)Mr.Baker encourages his students to use their calculators when solving algebraic word problems.
C)Mr.Cho gives easy writing assignments at the beginning of the year and raises his expectations as the school year progresses.
D)Mr.Devlin encourages his students to relate what they are learning in social studies to their own personal experiences.

Question 10

Judging from what you have learned about how intelligence is typically measured, which one of the following would you be least likely to find on an intelligence test?

A)If all jerps are loobs, and if all loobs are rengs, are all jerps also rengs?
B)How many friends do you have?
C)What does the word candid mean?
D)In what way are a tree and a flower alike?

Question 11

Poor nutrition is a problem for many children who live in poverty.Which one of the following situations is likely to be associated with poor nutrition?

A)Hilda has problems with mathematics but is otherwise a bright and attentive student.
B)Even though Yvonne tries hard in school and pays attention most of the time, she has difficulty learning anything abstract.
C)Jean-Paul learns things easily but does not work very hard in class.He is often too busy socializing to pay attention in class.
D)Jill appears to have trouble remembering things and does not seem motivated to achieve in school.

Question 12

Which of the following is not an educational implication associated with the general principles regarding student diversity?

A)take students' backgrounds into consideration when devising tasks
B)remember that generalizations based on groups do not always apply to individuals
C)future performance can be predicted based on present abilities and performance
D)acquire multiple pieces of information before drawing conclusions about a student

Question 13

Which one of the following statements most accurately describes the relationship between IQ scores and classroom performance?

A)IQ scores obtained in the early elementary years are excellent predictors of high school success.
B)On average, students with higher IQ scores do better in school than students with lower IQ scores.
C)Students with IQ scores above 110 perform better when they are placed one or two grade levels ahead of where their age-mates are.
D)Because intelligence tests measure inherited potential, IQ scores are unrelated to school achievement, which is influenced primarily by environmental factors.

Question 14

If we consider both Gardner's and Sternberg's views of intelligence, we would most likely conclude that:

A)dramatic improvements in students' IQs are possible in a year or two if we provide a stimulating classroom environment.
B)students with high intelligence will do well in school regardless of cultural background.
C)almost all of our students are likely to be "intelligent" in one way or another.
D)students who are fluent in two or three languages will be more intelligent than students who are fluent in just one.

Question 15

Which one of the following is a correct interpretation of a high school student's IQ score of 115?

A)It will remain constant for that student for a period of at least five to six years.
B)The student has acquired 84% of the average intellectual capabilities of an adult.
C)The student has performed better on an intelligence test than the majority of students of the same age.
D)The student is probably not "college material."

Question 16

Which one of the following is the most accurate statement about group differences among students?

A)When we have knowledge about typical group differences, we have a very good idea of how individual students are likely to perform in the classroom.
B)We can make fairly accurate predictions about individual students when we know their ethnic background, but not when we know their gender.
C)We can make fairly accurate predictions about individual students when we know their gender, but not when we know their ethnic background.
D)The average for one group may be different than for another group, but variability within each group keeps us from predicting individual performance.

Question 17

Which one of the following is a true statement about IQ scores?

A)They are calculated from the formula (MA/CA) x 100.
B)They are calculated from the formula (CA/MA) x 100.
C)They reflect the percentage of typical "adult-level" intelligence that a person has acquired.
D)They are derived from comparisons with the test performance of others.

Question 18

What was the rationale behind the development of Canadian researchers' PASS model of intelligence?

A)single measures of "g" are of little use diagnostically
B)Canadians needed a different kind of IQ than Americans
C)Children and adults display their intelligence in different ways.
D)there are many different types of intelligence

Question 19

Ms.Flores is a new teacher in a first-grade classroom in a low-income neighbourhood.Which of the following is not a way to address the factors that may interfere with school success among her students?

A)provide a stable and supportive classroom environment
B)provide access to reading materials
C)provide all of the support that a student needs after experiencing a traumatic event
D)provide understanding and flexibility regarding students' situations

Question 20

Four high school teachers have just learned that Rudy, one of their students, has scored extremely well on an intelligence test.Which teacher appears to believe in Spearman's concept of g in intelligence?

A)Mr.Hudson says, "No wonder Rudy performs consistently well in all of his classes!"
B)Ms.MacDonald says, "Rudy is an exceptional writer, but from what I've observed, his math skills are only average."
C)Ms.Lemieux says, "I agree that Rudy writes very well, but his spelling is atrocious."
D)Mr.Grant says, "Rudy has trouble remembering basic math facts, but he's very good when it comes to solving challenging math problems."

Question 21

Three of the following are differences that teachers may find among children from some cultural backgrounds.Which behaviour is probably not the result of a student's cultural background per se?

A)Some students may look down at their feet as a way of showing respect for authority figures.
B)Some students may feel that teachers' personal questions are intrusive and they may have been specifically taught not to answer certain kinds of questions.
C)Some students may be accustomed to "talking back" to authority figures when they disagree.
D)Some students may have been taught that artistic expression in areas such as art, dance, and music is of greater importance than academic achievement.

Question 22

The author of the textbook stresses the importance of equity in her discussion of strategies for creating a multicultural classroom environment; in other words, she stresses the importance of:

A)making sure that all students achieve the same objectives.
B)tailoring instruction to meet the unique needs of each student.
C)helping students to understand how a democratic society functions.
D)helping students to discover one another's unique strengths.

Question 23

Which one of the following behaviours meets both of the essential criteria for creativity?

A)Modelling himself after a popular TV character, Alan shaves all the hair off his head with the hope that he will win the admiration of the girls in his class.
B)Richard finds a new use for an ice cream scoop; he uses it to mould perfectly round tops for the towers on his snow castle.
C)Jaime douses her running shoes in perfume to keep them from smelling after gym class; although they are too soggy to wear for the rest of the week, they do smell better.
D)Kevin decorates his room with posters and black lights in a manner similar to how his friend Alex has decorated his room.

Question 24

What is the most likely explanation for observed sex differences in academic settings?

A)genetics.
B)neurological differences.
C)peer interactions.
D)socialization.

Question 25

Falen is a high school student who recently relocated to an urban area after living her whole life in a First Nations community.How might her teachers assist her in her transition?

A)they could ensure that she has a good grasp of English and French.
B)they could be sensitive to possible signs of acculturative stress.
C)they could make sure to include many spatial tasks in the curriculum as spatial reasoning is a strength among First Nations groups.
D)they could ensure that she has enough to eat.

Question 26

In what way are the concepts of intelligence and creativity alike?

A)they both take on different forms in different cultures
B)they are both innate abilities.
C)they both develop in discrete stages.
D)they are both universal.

Question 27

Creativity often involves divergent thinking.Which one of the following is the best example of divergent thinking?

A)Lacking any wooden blocks to build an arch for his toy soldiers to march under, Thomas builds an arch using upside-down paper cups.
B)Frank solves several multiplication problems using a strategy he has learned for solving "9's" problems.
C)Marsha builds a bookcase by following directions she has found in a hobby magazine.
D)After reading in a library book about what hamsters like to eat, Jennifer gives the class hamster a diet of vegetables, fruit, and hamster pellets to help him grow faster.

Question 28

Rani has just moved here from a Middle Eastern country where most women remain at home serving their husbands and taking care of their children.She seems confused when she is asked to perform the same school tasks as her male classmates.Rani's situation illustrates:

A)the value of public conversation.
B)the influence of counter-stereotypical information.
C)a cultural mismatch.
D)the importance of wait time.

Question 29

Which one of the following statements is accurate regarding individual achievement and competition in many Aboriginal communities?

A)Students from these communities have a greater need to achieve individual recognition, so they may be strongly tempted to cheat in competitive situations.
B)Students from these communities may compete with each other for the lowest grade in class, and intentionally fail their tests.
C)Students from these communities are uncomfortable with competition and may prefer to help their classmates rather than compete with them.
D)Students from these communities may get so caught up in competition that they become hostile and aggressive toward their classmates.

Question 30

Which one of the following classes is most likely to foster students' creativity?

A)In Mr.Lee's class, students are allowed to dabble freely in whatever subject area they want during a ten-minute creativity break at the end of each school day.
B)In Ms.Patrick's class, students are drilled until they memorize specific facts word for word.
C)In Ms.Paul's class, students are expected to perform quickly yet creatively in order to get a good grade.
D)In Mr.MacIssac's class, students are allowed to spend a 45-minute block of time every week experimenting with the artistic medium of their choice.

Question 31

Ms.Sandhu has a new class of 24 sixth graders-12 girls and 12 boys.Given what we know about gender differences in verbal ability and visual-spatial ability, which one of the following predictions is Ms.Sandhu justified in making about her students?

A)Her highest reading group will have almost all girls, and her lowest reading group will have mostly boys.
B)All of the boys should do better than all of the girls on a test of visual-spatial ability (in other words, there is no overlap between the two groups).
C)About 80% of the boys should do better than 80% of the girls on a test of visual-spatial ability.
D)There will be no noticeable differences in the average abilities of boys and girls.

Question 32

Three of the following strategies should promote students' creative behaviour.Which one is unlikely to promote creativity?

A)Introduce a subject in class and then intentionally stop when students have only a partial understanding of it.
B)Remind students that occasional failures are an inevitable part of the creative process.
C)Encourage students to feel proud of their creative accomplishments.
D)Ask questions that get students thinking about classroom material in a different way than they might otherwise.

Question 33

Meshawn is thinking about the many different ways in which the concept of a lever might be applied to everyday problems.Meshawn is exhibiting:

A)intrapersonal intelligence.
B)bodily-kinesthetic intelligence.
C)convergent thinking.
D)divergent thinking.

Question 34

Mr.Smith would like to create a more multicultural classroom environment in his geography class.Which of the following is not a recommendation that would necessarily foster cultural sensitivity among his students?

A)bring in the values and beliefs of other cultures in classroom discussions.
B)promote democratic thinking.
C)have students learn the specific geographic regions of different cultural groups.
D)promote positive social interactions among students belonging to different cultures.

Question 35

Which of the following is the best description of Canada's policy of multiculturalism?

A)a policy that encourages the education of all students in a regular class.
B)a policy that officially recognizes all cultures and languages in Canada.
C)a policy that does not recognize cultures other than English and French.
D)a policy that encourages the preservation of other cultures but does not officially recognize other languages.

Question 36

Three of the teachers below are using strategies appropriate for a culturally diverse classroom.Identify the teacher who is probably not promoting the classroom success of some of her students.

A)Ms.Andreas forms small, multicultural groups in which students describe and compare their perspectives about a recent international conflict.
B)Ms.Kojiak uses competitive activities to get all students motivated to do their best.
C)Ms.Chretian explores the ways in which children from different backgrounds are alike as well as different.
D)Ms.Delaney makes sure she presents both the British and French views of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham.

Question 37

Numerous research studies have examined gender differences in verbal, visual-spatial, and mathematical abilities.These studies lead to which of the following conclusions?

A)In terms of math achievement, we can expect that the top 50% of students in a class will be almost all boys, and the bottom 50% will be mostly girls.
B)Girls show better visual-spatial ability in the preschool years, but boys begin to show better visual-spatial ability around second grade.
C)During the elementary years, girls are ahead of boys in verbal skills by almost two grade levels.
D)Any gender differences in these abilities are so small that we would not notice them in the classroom.

Question 38

Which one of the following teaching strategies best reflects the definition of multicultural education presented in the textbook?

A)Ensure that all classes include students from diverse cultures.
B)Foster ongoing communication (e.g., through "pen pal" letters or e-mail messages) with students from other countries.
C)Consider the perspectives of different cultures groups regularly throughout the school year.
D)Devote at least one month of each school year to an intensive exploration of diverse cultures.

Question 39

What impact does teacher wait time have on students' classroom performance?

A)When wait time is three seconds or longer, students are more likely to answer questions.
B)If wait time is increased beyond two seconds, students will be embarrassed by the awkward silence and not answer.
C)Wait time of about one second is optimal.If it is much longer, students will get distracted and forget the question.
D)Increased wait time is only necessary when working with low-ability learners.Average and above-average learners do not need much wait time.

Question 40

Three of the following are likely to give you reasonable clues about a student's cultural background and/or ethnic group membership.Which one is probably least dependable as an indicator of a student's cultural background and ethnicity?

A)the ethnicity of the student's parents
B)the color of a student's skin
C)the cultural and religious activities in which a student regularly participates
D)a language other than English spoken as the primary language at home

Question 41

Which of the following statements best describes the connection between disability and handicap?

A)A handicap may or may not be a disability, depending on the circumstance.
B)There is no relation between the two.
C)A disability may or may not be a handicap, depending on the circumstance.
D)There is no difference between the two.

Question 42

Marcus and Francie are two eighth-grade students who have just failed a math test.Considering gender differences in students' explanations for failure, how are the two students likely to explain their poor test performance?

A)Marcus will think that he failed because he "just can't do math." Francie will think, "I got an F because I didn't work hard enough on this subject-I could have studied more."
B)Marcus will attribute his failure to a lack of effort, thinking, "I didn't study hard enough, 'cause I don't need to get good grades." Francie will think, "I'm just not very good at math."
C)Marcus will think that he is not very lucky when it comes to tests, and Francie will think that she failed because she did not have her friends to help her study.
D)Marcus will think, "I got an F because I'm not smart enough to do this math." Francie will think, "I failed because the teacher hates me and the test wasn't fair."

Question 43

Thomas and Annette are both fifth-grade students at an elementary school science fair.They both receive an A on their science projects.Considering gender differences in students' explanations for success, how are the two students likely to explain their good grades?

A)Thomas will think, "I got an A because I'm really good in science." Annette will think, "I got an A because I worked really hard on my project."
B)Thomas will attribute his A to his many nights of hard work.Annette will think, "I got an A because I'm good in science."
C)Thomas will think that he is lucky when it comes to projects like this.Annette will think that she succeeded because her father is a scientist and she must have inherited his ability.
D)Thomas will think, "My project got an A because I had a lot of help from my friends." Annette will think, "I got an A because I'm smarter than the other kids."

Question 44

Research on gender differences in self-esteem tells us that:

A)boys almost always have higher self-esteem than girls.
B)girls almost always have higher self-esteem than boys.
C)both boys and girls tend to have higher self-esteem in "gender-appropriate" activities.
D)boys and girls have more or less equal levels of self-esteem in virtually all areas.

Question 45

Three of the following strategies are likely to help students at risk stay in school.Which one is unlikely to do so?

A)Discourage students from participating in extracurricular activities so they can focus on getting their grades up.
B)Communicate to students your expectation that they can do well and that you will help them achieve school objectives.
C)Provide opportunities for students to form friendships with their classmates.
D)Identify students as early as possible and provide the academic support they need to succeed.

Question 46

Which one of the following students is likely to be classified as having a learning disability?

A)Clint has trouble learning abstract information and cannot easily adapt to new situations
B)George gets average scores on intelligence tests but has difficulty with certain kinds of memory tasks and is well below average in reading and writing
C)Justine performs well on academic tasks but has a poor self image and has difficulty behaving appropriately in the classroom
D)Tara has no problem with reading and writing, but refuses to speak out to answer questions in class

Question 47

Which of the following is the most important for teachers to keep in mind in relation to categories of exceptionality?

A)students should receive a diagnosis before curricular modifications can be made.
B)there is considerable individual variability within any group.
C)students with cognitive delays are not well served in a regular classroom.
D)the categories of exceptionality determine how to include students in the classroom.

Question 48

Which one of the following best illustrates the service delivery model of inclusion?

A)Ellen, who has dramatic mood swings, joins a regular classroom on the days when she is well-behaved.
B)Stefan, who has multiple physical disabilities, has a special classroom where he and a student with severe cerebral palsy are taught.
C)Judi, who has mental retardation, is taught in a general education classroom, where her teacher and a specialist both design and deliver instruction.
D)Sam, who is deaf, joins a regular class when the students go to art and physical education.

Question 49

Three of the following children have a learning disability.Which one probably does not?

A)Five-year-old Jodi spends hours trying to imitate her older sister's drawings.No matter how she tries, Jodi's art lacks proportion and perspective.
B)Fifteen-year-old Peter has trouble following oral directions.Unless he has them in writing, he gets them mixed up or forgets important steps.
C)Twelve-year-old Josh teases Sam about his new glasses.Sam grows silent and looks away but does not say anything.Later, Josh is quite surprised to find out that he has hurt Sam's feelings.
D)Ten-year-old Katrina has a good oral vocabulary, but when she writes she tends to put letters in the wrong order, even when spelling common words.

Question 50

Three of the following are characteristics of students considered to be at-risk.Which one is not?

A)a specific cognitive delay.
B)older age than classmates.
C)history of academic failure.
D)no attachment to school.

Question 51

Marietta is a high school student.Considering research related to gender differences in motivation, and without knowing anything else about Marietta, in which area would you expect her to have the highest motivation to achieve?

A)auto mechanics
B)body building
C)cooking
D)engineering

Question 52

Three of the following examples illustrate specific strategies that can be effective in helping students with learning disabilities learn classroom material.Which strategy has not been shown to be effective with these children?

A)Josie's teacher gives her special memory tricks to help her remember how to spell certain words (e.g., "The principal is my pal").
B)Shari's teacher looks at the errors Shari makes when she solves long division problems for clues about what she might be doing incorrectly.
C)Russell's teacher suggests that he listen to his favourite radio station while he studies for tomorrow's spelling test.
D)Vern's history teacher loans Vern a videotape that depicts some of the historical events that they are reading about in class.

Question 53

Which one of the following students best fits the pattern associated with being at risk?

A)Sal started kindergarten a year later than his peers because his parents wanted to be sure he was ready for school.
B)Wesley has recently failed sophomore algebra, and he is frustrated because he now has to go to summer school.
C)André isn't doing very well in any of his classes; he will have to pull up his grades or he will not be allowed to continue to participate in varsity basketball.
D)Evan is doing poorly in all of his classes because of repeated absenteeism and failure to turn in assignments.

Question 54

All of the following strategies are certainly beneficial, but only one is likely to foster resilience in students who live in difficult and challenging circumstances (e.g., extreme poverty, abusive family members).Which strategy is known to foster resilience?

A)Take a personal interest in students' welfare and show them that they can turn to you in times of need.
B)Show students how academic tasks are relevant to their personal lives.
C)Give students both positive and negative feedback when it is appropriate to do so.
D)Be an active and visible participant in community programs in students' neighbourhoods.

Question 55

Three of the following students show warning signs of being at risk.Which student is least likely to be at risk?

A)Annie never stays after school for extracurricular activities, and she seems to have no friends at school.
B)Brenda is so busy with student government, cheerleading, and varsity sports that her grades have gone from As to Cs and Ds.
C)Carolyn is fourteen years old and still in sixth grade, so she has little in common with her classmates.
D)Meagan has gotten low achievement test scores since elementary school.

Question 56

Ms.Kwan is concerned about the social development of the students in her fifth grade class.According to the research on sex differences in relation to interpersonal relationships, which of the following would be the best approach to foster good relationships for boys and girls?

A)Foster a more competitive environment
B)Teach boys and girls more prosocial ways of interacting
C)Foster a more collaborative environment
D)Focus on academics

Question 57

Three of the following describe environmental factors that contribute to gender differences we see in school-age children.Which statement is not an accurate description of how the environment contributes to gender differences?

A)Most characters in books and television shows behave in a gender-stereotypical fashion.
B)Parents have higher expectations for their daughters regarding the level of education they should obtain.
C)Boys' typical games are more likely to foster visual-spatial skills.
D)Girls' typical toys are more likely to promote the development of social skills.

Question 58

Three of the following are strategies to consider for students with specific cognitive or academic difficulties.Which one is not?

A)remember that students will likely display average or above average abilities in other areas
B)teach students how to study
C)minimize classroom distractions
D)teach visual imagery strategies

Question 59

Considering research on gender differences, what is the likely result when Ms.Wolf assigns small-group work in her seventh-grade science class?

A)Kevin and Bill will sit back and watch, making Amelia and Jenna do all the work.
B)Steven will set up the samples, Roger will do the measurements, Joannie will take notes, and Rachelle will watch.
C)James will write down the results and Neal will watch while Maninder sets up the samples and Lynn measures them.
D)Nicki will measure, Donald will direct the activities, and Jeff and Scott will alternate taking notes and watching.

Question 60

Which behaviour is most likely to indicate that a student has a possible emotional or behavioural disorder?

A)Betty's mind is often on her boyfriend rather than on classroom discussions.
B)Eliza sometimes forgets to do her homework assignments, even though she really likes her teacher and wants to please him.
C)Harrison is often more interested in socializing with his friends than in paying attention to his teacher.
D)Jeff is usually sombre and uncommunicative; the only time he speaks to other students is to insult them.

Question 61

The textbook speaks of a cultural "mismatch" that may interfere with a student's ability to succeed in a traditional classroom.Describe the types of mismatches that might occur related to:
a.the daily school time schedule;
b.the use of Standard English;
c.whole-class question-answer sessions; and,
d.classroom competition.

Question 62

Three of the following teachers are using strategies that are appropriate for students with mental retardation.Which teacher is not using an appropriate strategy?

A)Ms.Akers uses many manipulatives to make new concepts concrete for students.
B)Mr.Britton gives students explicit instructions, such as, "Hang up your coat, then come sit at your desk and take out a pencil."
C)Ms.Chang teaches basic math facts but does not teach students how to use them in real-life situations.
D)Mr.Stefano presents new material at a slower pace than he does for his nondisabled students.

Question 63

Many intelligence tests yield a single IQ score.Explain whether this practice is theoretically consistent or inconsistent with:
a.Spearman's concept of g;
b.Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences; and,
c.Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence.

Question 64

Which one of the following is a legitimate reason for not relying solely on intelligence tests when we identify gifted students?

A)Because of the culture-dependent nature of intelligence, we may overlook gifted students from an ethnic minority group.
B)Because intelligence tests measure innate intelligence, we may overlook students whose giftedness is due to an enriched environment.
C)Because intelligence test results are so difficult to interpret, we are likely to identify many non-gifted students as gifted.
D)Because high achievement is a more important criterion than high intelligence when we identify gifted students, we should focus on achievement test results instead.

Question 65

Even if you are a regular classroom teacher, you will probably find one or more students
with physical and sensory challenges (physical and health impairments, visual impairments, hearing loss) in your classroom.List three strategies that may be useful as you work with such students.For each one, (1) describe in specific and concrete terms what you might do, and (2) identify the kinds of special needs your strategy will address.

Question 66

Explain what psychologists mean by the term distributed intelligence.Describe at least three different teaching and/or assessment strategies you might use that would be consistent with this concept.

Question 67

Three of the following students exemplify characteristics of giftedness described in the textbook.Which one does not?

A)When twelve-year-old Angela tells a story, she captivates her audience with her vivid character portrayals and rich vocabulary.
B)Sixteen-year-old Barry is extraordinarily sensitive to the feelings and needs of others.Not only is he a keen observer of people, but he also has a knack for responding in the best possible way.
C)Fourteen-year-old Calvin is an extremely hard worker; in addition to doing well in his schoolwork, he is an excellent babysitter.
D)Ten-year-old Debbie learns more quickly than her classmates and is already demonstrating aspects of formal operational thought.

Question 68

Define and provide an example of inclusion.Briefly discuss the issues of service delivery in relation to the specific Canadian context.

Question 69

Mr.Wilson will have a student with mental retardation included in his class for the first time this fall.Her name is Susan, and Mr.Wilson is considering what changes he should make to his style of teaching to promote her success.Which one of the following strategies is least likely to be helpful?

A)Mr.Wilson will structure his lesson plans so that all of the children can work at their own pace as much as possible.This will allow Susan to go as slowly as she needs to in order to succeed.
B)Mr.Wilson will use the Golden Rule ("Do unto others as you would have them do unto you") to define acceptable behaviour in the classroom.It will be easier for Susan to remember this rule than a more specific list, and it should apply to any unexpected problems that might arise.
C)When teaching math, Mr.Wilson will set up real life scenarios such as going to the store or balancing a chequebook.It will help Susan know when to apply the skills she learns.
D)Mr.Wilson will make an effort to give Susan complete instructions, step by step, and not assume that she will understand directions he doesn't make explicit.

Question 70

Quebec is a province with a relatively high drop-out rate (upwards of approximately 30%).Based on what you know about the reasons why students drop out of school, provide possible explanations for this phenomenon as well as 5 recommendations for teachers that might be used to address the issue.

Question 71

Describe how similar or different the boys and girls in your classroom are likely to be, on average, in:
a.scholastic abilities;
b.physical and motor skills;
c.self-esteem;
d.explanations for success and failure; and,
e.expectations for themselves.

Question 72

One of your objectives for the coming school year is to foster your students' creative thinking and/or behaviour in a subject area you will be teaching.Basing your discussion on at least four different factors known to influence creativity, describe four strategies you might use to promote such creativity.Illustrate each strategy with a concrete example of what you might do.