Deck 2: The Study of Learning and Behavior

Question 1

Using an ABA reversal design is rather like using a ______.

A) dust mop
B) fountain pen
C) light switch
D) barber's chair

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The kind of study that is most likely to involve a large number of subjects is one with a ________.

A) between-subjects design
B) within-subject design
C) ABA design
D) matched sample

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The figure below shows the results of an experiment comparing the effects of two teaching methods. Phyllis was taught by method A; Gertrude was taught by method B. This study is an example of _______.

A) a between-subjects design
B) a within-subject design
C) random assignment
D) yoked control

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Harry teaches an advanced painting class. His goal is to teach students to paint more creatively. Harry will probably measure learning as a change in response _________.

A) topography
B) intensity
C) speed
D) rate

Question 5

The figure below shows the results of an experiment on the effects of heat on aggressive social behavior. Each rat experienced three temperatures. There was a sharp increase in the rate of aggressive behavior in all rats when the temperature went above 90. This study is best described as ________.

A) a between-subjects experiment
B) a within-subject experiment
C) a case study
D) anecdotal evidence

Question 6

In a cumulative record, learning is indicated by a change in response _______.

A) topography
B) amplitude
C) speed
D) rate

Question 7

In group-design experiments, researchers often use _________ to reduce differences among participants.

A) clones
B) statistics
C) DNA matching
D) matched sampling

Question 8

A person who says, "Everyone knows that...." is referring to _______.

A) anecdotal evidence
B) case study evidence
C) descriptive research evidence
D) experimental research evidence

Question 9

The figure below shows learning as a change in __________.

A) intensity
B) frequency
C) topography
D) speed

Question 10

A teacher who looks for an increase in the number of correct performances per minute is using _______ as a measure of learning.

A) topography
B) speed
C) rate
D) fluency

Question 11

In within-subject experiments, each subject's performance is compared with his or her performance during a ______.

A) control period
B) random sampling period
C) baseline period
D) benchmark session

Question 12

The figure below shows learning as a change in ___________.

A) intensity
B) frequency
C) topography
D) redundancy

Question 13

The kind of experiment that is most likely to require statistical analysis is a(n) _______.

A) between-subjects experiment
B) within-subject experiment
C) ABA experiment
D) descriptive study

Question 14

Marjorie drives a school bus. Sometimes the kids get rather noisy. She decides to play music the kids like through speakers on the bus, but whenever the kids get too noisy she turns the music off. When they quiet down, she turns the music back on. In this way, she hopes to get the kids to make less noise. Marjorie is probably going to measure learning as a change in response _________.

A) topography
B) intensity
C) speed
D) rate

Question 15

Any variable that is allowed to vary freely is a(n) __________ variable.

A) autonomous
B) dependent
C) independent
D) synchronous

Question 16

Experiments done in natural settings are called _______.

A) natural experiments
B) spontaneous experiments
C) unplanned experiments
D) field experiments

Question 17

The person who suggested that to learn how nature works, we must "sit down before fact as a little child," and "be prepared to give up every preconceived notion" was ______.

A) Charles Darwin
B) T. H. Huxley
C) E. L. Thorndike
D) John B. Watson

Question 18

Any variable an experimenter manipulates is a(n) ________ variable.

A) autonomous
B) dependent
C) independent
D) synchronous

Question 19

In the cumulative record below, the rate of behavior is ________.

A) increasing
B) decreasing
C) stable
D) fluctuating wildly

Question 20

The first person to use a single-subject reversal design was probably ____________.

A) Aardvark
B) Darwin
C) Galen
D) Malthus

Question 21

One highly readable little book on research methods mentioned in your text is called _________.

A) The Idiot's Guide to Behavioral Research
B) Research Made Simple
C) Psychological Research: An Introduction
D) Random Designs

Question 22

Experimental research on behavior is often said to be artificial. To compensate for this problem, researchers do ________ .

A) field experiments
B) open-ended research
C) follow-up studies
D) free sampling research

Question 23

Research results with humans usually parallel those with animals.
Completion

Question 24

A flat cumulative record indicates that the behavior is ________.

Question 25

One problem with computer simulations as a substitute for animal research is that ___________.

A) they are terribly expensive
B) they take years to develop
C) "bugs" in the software distort the findings
D) no one knows what behavior to program until the research has been done

Question 26

Discuss the various ways of measuring learning.

Question 27

Explain how a cumulative recorder works.

Question 28

A cumulative record shows the total number of responses that have occurred in a given period of time as well as the rate at which they occurred.

Question 29

B. F. Skinner was the first person to record data cumulatively.

Question 30

Your text describes four basic sources of evidence: anecdotal, case study, descriptive study, experimental study. The least reliable of these is ______.

Question 31

Explain the difference between within-subject and between-subjects experiments.

Question 32

An_____________ is something an organism tries to escape or avoid.

A) adenoid
B) adhesive
C) adversive
D) aversive

Question 33

A computer simulation that is useful for teaching certain principles of learning is called _________.

A) MacAnimal
B) Animal Trainer
C) Sniffy the Virtual Rat
D) Howard the Holographic Hog

Question 34

Response _______ refers to the time that passes before a response occurs.

Question 35

Speed and rate are different terms for the same measure of learning.

Question 36

A change in the form that behavior takes is called a change in ________.

Question 37

Balster suggests that inhumane treatment of research animals is __________.

A) not good PR
B) expensive, in the long run
C) bad science
D) likely to result in litigation

Question 38

Explain why random assignment of subjects is unnecessary in ABA experiments.

Question 39

One thing researchers can control better with animal subjects than with human subjects is _________.

Question 40

The natural science approach assumes that things are caused only by natural events.

Question 41

Discuss the ethics of using animals for research on learning.