Deck 2: The Nervous System

Question 1

Which cell type removes cellular waste?

A) neurons
C) astrocytes
B) oligodendrocytes
D) microglial cells

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What is the function of neuronal dendrites?

A) They produce the myelin sheath.
B) They send neurotransmitters to other neurons.
C) They contain the neuron's genetic material.
D) They receive information from other neurons.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A plane that shows brain structures as seen from the front (or frontal plane) is referred to as a ____.

A) coronal plane
C) transverse plane
B) sagittal plane
D) horizontal plane

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which cell type plays a role in forming the blood-brain barrier?

A) neurons
C) astrocytes
B) oligodendrocytes
D) microglial cells

Question 5

After encountering a ferocious dog while walking back from your psychopharmacology lecture, your heart races. After the dog turns in the other direction you began to relax and your heart beat slows down. What nervous system is primarily responsible for initiating your more relaxed state?

A) sympathetic nervous system
C) parasympathetic nervous system
B) somatic nervous system
D) central nervous system

Question 6

Dr. Mitchum is exploring the role of sensory neurons (which convey sensory information to the central nervous system) in detecting incremental changes in temperature. Which type of neuron is Dr. Mitchum studying?

A) afferent neuron
C) intraneuron
B) efferent neuron
D) interneuron

Question 7

Dr. Goulard is investigating mechanisms of preserving the function of motor neurons (which convey motor information from the central nervous system) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Which type of neuron is Dr. Goulard studying?

A) afferent neuron
C) intraneuron
B) efferent neuron
D) interneuron

Question 8

The small space between the axon terminal and postsynaptic terminal is called the ____.

A) soma
C) nucleus
B) synaptic cleft
D) receptor

Question 9

Which nervous system delivers voluntary motor signals from the central nervous system to muscles throughout the body and conveys sensory information from the body to the central nervous system?

A) sympathetic nervous system
C) parasympathetic nervous system
B) somatic nervous system
D) autonomic nervous system

Question 10

What is the function of a neuron's axon?

A) It produces the myelin sheath.
B) It sends neurotransmitters to other neurons.
C) It contains the neuron's genetic materials.
D) It receives information from other neurons.

Question 11

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding neurons and glia cells?

A) Neurons control behavior; glia cells support the function of neurons
B) Glia cells control behavior; neurons support the function of glia cells
C) Neurons are restricted to the brain; glia cells are restricted to the periphery
D) Glia cells are restricted to the brain; neurons are restricted to the periphery

Question 12

The nervous system consists of two systems: ____.

A) the peripheral nervous system and the frontal nervous system
B) the tangential nervous system and the frontal nervous system
C) the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system
D) the tangential nervous system and the central nervous system

Question 13

"Examine the anterior portion of the brain." Where do you tell your lab partner to look?

A) Toward the front of the brain
C) Toward the midline of the brain
B) Toward the rear of the brain
D) Toward the side of the brain

Question 14

"Examine the lateral portion of the brain." Where do you tell your lab partner to look?

A) Toward the back of the brain
C) Toward the midline of the brain
B) Toward the bottom of the brain
D) Toward the sides of the brain

Question 15

Which cell type produces a material called myelin?

A) neurons
C) astrocytes
B) oligodendrocytes
D) microglial cells

Question 16

"Examine the dorsal portion of the brain." Where do you tell your lab partner to look?

A) Toward the top of the brain
C) Toward the bottom of the brain
B) Toward the rear of the brain
D) Toward the side of the brain

Question 17

"Examine the posterior portion of the brain." Where do you tell your lab partner to look?

A) Toward the front of the brain
C) Toward the bottom of the brain
B) Toward the rear of the brain
D) Toward the side of the brain

Question 18

A plane that shows brain structures as seen from above is referred to as a ____.

A) coronal plane
C) frontal plane
B) sagittal plane
D) horizontal plane

Question 19

Which nervous system prepares the body for rigorous activity by increasing heartbeat, inhibiting digestion, and opening airways?

A) sympathetic nervous system
C) parasympathetic nervous system
B) somatic nervous system
D) central nervous system

Question 20

A plane that shows brain structures as seen from the side is referred to as a ____.

A) coronal plane
C) frontal plane
B) sagittal plane
D) horizontal plane

Question 21

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex processes auditory information and supports language comprehension and production?

A) occipital lobe
C) parietal lobe
B) temporal lobe
D) frontal lobe

Question 22

Which brain structures act to stabilize voluntary movements?

A) hippocampus, thalamus, and amygdala
B) hippocampus, thalamus, and substantia nigra
C) basal ganglia, thalamus, and substantia nigra
D) basal ganglia, thalamus, and amygdala

Question 23

Which tract crosses from one hemisphere of the brain to the opposite side of the body, sending motor information to the limbs, hands, and feet?

A) medial corticospinal tract
C) dorsal spinocerebellar tract
B) lateral corticospinal tract
D) cuneocerebellar tract

Question 24

Megan is walking to the student center, lost in deep thought, when her friend Roman runs up behind her, tapping her on the shoulder. Megan, startled by Roman, jumps and gasps for air. Which brain structure is responsible for Megan's startle reflex?

A) pons
C) basal ganglia
B) cerebellum
D) hippocampus

Question 25

Which structure is part of the forebrain?

A) medulla
C) thalamus
B) cerebellum
D) pons

Question 26

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex supports decision making and movement?

A) occipital lobe
C) parietal lobe
B) temporal lobe
D) frontal lobe

Question 27

The autonomic nervous system is controlled by the ____.

A) medulla
C) thalamus
B) limbic system
D) basal ganglia

Question 28

The first drugs to treat schizophrenia, called antipsychotic drugs, caused Parkinson-like symptoms. Why?

A) Antipsychotic drugs disrupt neurons in the substantia nigra.
B) Antipsychotic drugs damage neurons in the thalamus.
C) Antipsychotic drugs cause demyelination of the corticospinal tracts.
D) Antipsychotic drugs increase the number of dopamine receptors.

Question 29

Ted is studying for his neuropsychology exam. How is cerebral blood flow to Ted's prefrontal cortex likely to respond to his studying?

A) Blood flow will remain constant.
B) Blood flow will decrease.
C) Blood flow will increase.
D) Blood flow will show variable changes.

Question 30

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex processes touch information from the body?

A) occipital lobe
C) parietal lobe
B) temporal lobe
D) frontal lobe

Question 31

After a recent bicycle accident, 11 year old Todd cannot do things that were once routine, such as such as riding a bike. Damage to which of Todd's brain structure disrupted Todd's procedural memory required for riding his bike?

A) basal ganglia
C) pons
B) amygdala
D) hypothalamus

Question 32

Second-grade teacher Ms. Frascella calls upon her star pupil, Jeremy, to recite the capitals of all 50 states. Which type of memory will Jeremy use to recall this information?

A) short-term memory
C) working memory
B) sensory memory
D) long-term memory

Question 33

The nucleus accumbens is also called the brain's ____ center.

A) reward
C) motor control
B) command
D) perception

Question 34

Mabel was recently diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. She is beginning to show significant impairment of her long-term memory. Damage to which brain structure likely caused this impairment?

A) amygdala
C) hippocampus
B) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 35

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is primarily responsible for processing visual information?

A) occipital lobe
C) parietal lobe
B) temporal lobe
D) frontal lobe

Question 36

Activity within which brain structures support arousal in the cerebral cortex, thus indirectly aiding in memory formation?

A) dentate gyrus
C) limbic system
B) reticular formation
D) pyramidal system

Question 37

Working memory is part of your ____.

A) short-term memory
C) reference memory
B) sensory memory
D) long-term memory

Question 38

It is 5 PM and Jane is dreaming of leaving work so that she can sink her teeth into a juicy hamburger. Which of Jane's brain structures is most contributing to her feeling of hunger?

A) basal ganglia
C) medulla
B) cerebellum
D) hypothalamus

Question 39

Tania sees a dark shadow outside her window and feels frightened. What brain structure contributes most to her feeling of fear?

A) basal ganglia
C) limbic system
B) pons
D) hypothalamus

Question 40

Narcotics and central nervous system depressants suppress medullary functions. Why might these drugs be fatal at high doses?

A) May suppress breathing
C) May increase risk of stroke
B) May cause rapid heart rate
D) May cause hyperemia

Question 41

What is the function of the blood-brain barrier?

A) It provides protective cushion.
B) It allows substances to easily access the brain.
C) It prevents harmful substances from entering brain.
D) It converts carbon dioxide into oxygen.

Question 42

Everyone has genes for eye color, but variations in the coding sequence of these genes allow for a variety of eye colors in a population. The term to best describe this variation in coding sequences is ____.

A) independent assortment
C) heritability
B) allelic segregation
D) polymorphism

Question 43

Dr. Leighton is performing a literature search to learn more about a process termed gliosis. What is she likely to find out?

A) Astrocytes facilitate axonal regrowth after injury.
B) Astrocytes hinder axonal regrowth after injury.
C) Astrocytes produce new myelin for injured axons.
D) Astrocytes strip injured axons of old myelin.

Question 44

What term is used to describe a decrease in cerebral blood flow that may potentially cause cell death if severe or persistent enough?

A) infarct
C) ischemia
B) excitotoxicity
D) hyperemia

Question 45

Expecting mom Giselle reads about her pregnancy on the website Mommy-and-Me. She learns that her unborn baby developed noticeable ridges and grooves (termed gyri and sulci) within the cerebral cortex. During which gestational period do these gyri and sulci first become most apparent?

A) 12 to 18 weeks into a pregnancy
C) 24 to 30 weeks into a pregnancy
B) 18 to 24 weeks into a pregnancy
D) 30 to 36 weeks into a pregnancy

Question 46

The activation of genes leads to the synthesis and release of genetic information, a process referred to as gene ____.

A) transcription
C) transference
B) encoding
D) translation

Question 47

The blueprints for a neuron and its functions reside within the ____.

A) axon terminals
C) mitochondria
B) dendrites
D) nucleus

Question 48

The type of RNA used to trigger protein synthesis is called ____ RNA.

A) transfer
C) ribosomal
B) nucleic
D) messenger

Question 49

Drug X passes through the blood-brain barrier via active transport. What does this mean?

A) Drug X diffuses through the blood-brain barrier.
B) Drug X uses osmosis to pass through the blood-brain barrier.
C) Drug X directly attaches to neurons to pass through the blood-brain barrier.
D) Drug X uses channels to pass through the blood-brain barrier.

Question 50

Which is a function of cerebrospinal fluid?

A) It transports oxygen.
C) It serves as a protective cushion.
B) It produces immune cells.
D) It clears myelin.

Question 51

Peter's physician, Dr. Ma, is concerned that he suffered a stroke after he complains of loss of feeling in his left arm. Which diagnostic test will help Dr. Ma visualize Peter's circulatory system to determine if he suffered a stroke?

A) CAT scan
C) fMRI
B) PET scan
D) angiogram

Question 52

The primary features of the central nervous system are produced during the ___ trimester of pregnancy.

A) first
C) third
B) second
D) fourth

Question 53

Which is the correct order of events during brain cell development? i. synaptic rearrangement
Ii) differentiation
Iii) migration
Iv) synaptogenesis
V) apoptosis
Vi) proliferation

A) ii, vi, iii, v, i, iv
C) ii, iii, vi, iv, i, v
B) vi, iii, ii, iv, v, i
D) vi, ii, iii, iv, i, v

Question 54

How many chromosomes does a child inherit from each parent?

A) 16
C) 43
B) 23
D) 46

Question 55

The brain contains cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavities called ____.

A) periaqueductal gray areas
C) ventricles
B) arterioles
D) meninges

Question 56

The brain is supplied with blood through two major arteries: ____.

A) the dorsal scapular artery and the vertebral artery
B) the dorsal scapular artery and the carotid artery
C) the carotid artery and the femoral artery
D) the carotid artery and the vertebral artery

Question 57

What is the role of nitric oxide in the brain?

A) increases blood flow and increases oxygen levels
B) decreases blood flow, but increases oxygen levels
C) increases blood flow, but decreases oxygen levels
D) decreases blood flow and decreases oxygen levels

Question 58

Dr. Pearson wants to design a drug that easily passes through the blood-brain barrier. As an expert in psychopharmacology, you suggest that Dr. Pearson ensure that the chemical structure that he designs is small, as well as ____.

A) lipid soluble and uncharged
C) lipid soluble and charged
B) water soluble and uncharged
D) water soluble and charged

Question 59

Each chromosome contains a strand of ____.

A) ribonucleic acid
C) transcription factors
B) deoxyribonucleic acid
D) ribosomes

Question 60

Dr. Ambroise is developing a drug to help promote axonal regeneration following brain injury. What might be an effective mechanism of action for Dr. Ambroise's drug?

A) Inhibit BDNF production.
C) Break down proteoglycans.
B) Block uptake of neurotrophin-3.
D) Increase production of semaphorin 3.

Question 61

Draw a diagram of a neuron, identifying its major structures. Write a brief description of the role of each structure in facilitating neuronal communication. Include in your answer a discussion of the synapse and how it bridges interneuronal communication.

Question 62

Describe what is meant by the term glial scar. What roadblocks to recovery from traumatic brain injury does the glial scar present? In addition, discuss current experimental therapeutic strategies for combating promoting axonal regeneration after brain injury.