Deck 7: The Vitamins

Question 1

Vitamin C supplements will prevent the common cold.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Vitamin A has the distinction of being the first fat-soluble vitamin to be recognized.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Which of the following individuals would be likely to synthesize enough vitamin D without having to eat foods containing the vitamin?

A)an adult with dark skin who jogs 15-minutes outside daily
B)a woman who goes to a tanning booth twice a week
C)a light-skinned man who takes a 20-minute walk outdoors daily
D)an adult who works in an office with windows across an entire wall

Answer 3

C

Question 4

An individual suffers from bleeding gums and loosened teeth. This is indicative of a possible deficiency of which vitamin?

A)vitamin C
B)riboflavin
C)biotin
D)vitamin E

Question 5

Which term refers to the type of anemia that results from a vitamin B₁₂ deficiency caused by a lack of intrinsic factor?

A)microcytic anemia
B)macrocytic anemia
C)pernicious anemia
D)sickle-cell anemia

Question 6

Vitamin E is so widespread in food that it is almost impossible to create a vitamin E-deficient diet.

Question 7

Carnitine, inositol, and lipoic acid are all essential vitamins for the body.

Question 8

Which vitamin aids in the conversion of tryptophan to niacin?

A)vitamin C
B)vitamin B₁₂
C)folate
D)vitamin B₆

Question 9

Which of the following individuals is most likely to develop Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

A)a person who abuses alcohol intake
B)a person who eats a high intake of grains
C)a person who is a vegetarian
D)a person who consumes fast food daily

Question 10

Which group of people is most likely to suffer from vitamin D poisoning?

A)infants whose parents believe more is better for vitamin D supplementation
B)teenagers that consistently consume 6 cups of milk every day
C)adults that spend several hours daily under the hot sun
D)athletes who primarily exercise indoors

Question 11

The body stores up to six years' worth of vitamin B₁₂.

Question 12

The body can synthesize vitamin D once sunscreen with sun protection factor (SPF) of 8 or above is applied to the skin.

Question 13

Healthy people can eat vitamin A-rich foods in large amounts without risking toxicity, with the possible exception of which of the following foods?

A)eggs
B)cheese
C)fortified breakfast cereals
D)liver

Question 14

What is the recommended daily intake for vitamin D for adults over 70?

A)7 micrograms
B)10 micrograms
C)15 micrograms
D)20 micrograms

Question 15

Which term refers to the condition that occurs when insufficient vitamin E causes red blood cells to rupture?

A)infantile anemia
B)vitamin E anemia
C)leukocyte hemolysis
D)erythrocyte hemolysis

Question 16

A deficiency of which of the following vitamins causes excess homocysteine to build up in the blood?

A)thiamin
B)vitamin B₁₂
C)pantothenic acid
D)niacin

Question 17

Which two vitamins ensure the health of bones?

A)A and B₁
B)B₁₂ and D
C)C and D
D)K and D

Question 18

You have a friend who gets very little exposure to the sun, consumes very few calcium-rich foods, and has a two-year-old child and three-month-old twins. Which of the following diseases is she at very high risk for developing?

A)pellagra
B)rickets
C)osteomalacia
D)beriberi

Question 19

Which of the following foods is a significant source of vitamin D in Canada?

A)milk
B)cereal
C)cheddar cheese
D)tuna

Question 20

The B vitamins (coenzymes) help to extract the energy from food during metabolism.

Question 21

Which vitamin has gained a reputation as an anti-infective vitamin because so many of the body's defences against infection depend on an adequate supply?

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin D
D)vitamin K

Question 22

Which B vitamin is especially important for women of childbearing age to reduce the risk for neural tube defects?

A)vitamin B₆
B)vitamin B₁₂
C)folate
D)biotin

Question 23

A high dose of which of the following vitamins can only be sold by prescription?

A)vitamin D
B)vitamin K
C)riboflavin
D)thiamin

Question 24

Which organ especially benefits from vitamin E's antioxidant qualities?

A)lungs
B)muscle
C)liver
D)heart

Question 25

Which of the following vitamins is water-soluble?

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin D
D)vitamin K

Question 26

What is the name for the active form of vitamin A stored in the liver?

A)beta-carotene
B)retinol
C)gamma-tocopherol
D)alpha-A

Question 27

Why might an elderly person benefit from taking a supplement?

A)They lose nutrients faster than foods can supply them.
B)They are at risk of developing neural tube defects.
C)They often overconsume their daily energy needs.
D)They absorb or metabolize nutrients less efficiently.

Question 28

Which condition may be a symptom of a vitamin A deficiency?

A)acne
B)arthritis
C)blindness
D)birth defects

Question 29

For a healthy man, an adequate daily intake of vitamin A averages around how many micrograms?

A)700 micrograms
B)900 micrograms
C)1,200 micrograms
D)1,500 micrograms

Question 30

A friend is worried that he did not meet the recommended intakes for the fat-soluble vitamins yesterday. What would you advise him to do?

A)no changes needed as long as his overall diet provides average amounts that meet recommended intakes
B)begin supplementing his diet with a vitamin-mineral supplement
C)add more fat and oil to his food in order to get the needed nutrients
D)increase his consumption of foods rich in fat-soluble vitamins

Question 31

The DRI recommendations for vitamin E are expressed in which of the following compound forms?

A)gamma-tocopherol
B)delta-tocopherol
C)alpha-tocopherol
D)beta-tocopherol

Question 32

Which of the following supplies about 20 percent of the vitamin E people consume?

A)fortified cereals and grains
B)milk, cheeses, and yogurt
C)vegetable oils and products made from them
D)meats, fish, poultry, and eggs

Question 33

Pellagra results from a deficiency of which vitamin?

A)vitamin B₁₂
B)niacin
C)vitamin C
D)thiamin

Question 34

Which vitamin is an antioxidant nutrient that actively scavenges and quenches free radicals in the body?

A)vitamin E
B)riboflavin
C)vitamin K
D)niacin

Question 35

Which supplement is considered hazardous to the body of individuals who smoke?

A)vitamin C
B)vitamin D
C)beta-carotene
D)folic acid

Question 36

Which of the following foods is a significant natural source of folate?

A)apple juice
B)fresh strawberries
C)cheddar cheese
D)beef liver

Question 37

What is the main function of vitamin K in the body?

A)It helps synthesize key bone proteins.
B)It acts as an antioxidant in cell membranes.
C)It influences body functions through its regulation of genes.
D)It helps synthesize proteins that help clot the blood.

Question 38

For healthy women, the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) committee recommends how many milligrams per day of vitamin C?

A)45 milligrams per day
B)60 milligrams per day
C)75 milligrams per day
D)90 milligrams per day

Question 39

If strict vegetarians are uninformed, for which vitamin might they be especially at risk for deficiency?

A)vitamin B₁₂
B)niacin
C)vitamin B₆
D)folate

Question 40

To prevent hemorrhage, newborn babies are given a single dose of what vitamin at birth?

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin D
D)vitamin K

Question 41

In the 1990s, Health Canada made it mandatory for food manufacturers to fortify bleached wheat flour in products with which of the following vitamins?

A)synthetic folate
B)niacin equivalent
C)pantothenic acid
D)natural riboflavin

Question 42

Which of the following side effects can result from an excess of vitamin A?

A)constipation
B)cataracts
C)hair loss
D)hives

Question 43

Which vitamin can be obtained entirely from nonfood sources for some people?

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin D
D)vitamin E

Question 44

What colour does a person's skin turn from consuming toxic levels of vitamin K?

A)yellow
B)orange
C)reddish blue
D)purple

Question 45

The B vitamins act as part of what molecule?

A)antibodies
B)anticoagulants
C)intrinsic factors
D)coenzymes

Question 46

What is the current DRI committee recommended daily intake for vitamin D for adults between 19 and 50 years of age?

A)7 micrograms
B)10 micrograms
C)15 micrograms
D)20 micrograms

Question 47

Which food may assist with the absorption of folate?

A)strawberries
B)milk
C)broccoli
D)oranges

Question 48

For which group of people would vitamin C supplements cause adverse effects?

A)people with kidney disorders
B)people with thyroid conditions
C)people with too much folate in their blood
D)people with colds

Question 49

What is the name for a compound in food that can be converted into an active vitamin inside the body?

A)coenzyme
B)provitamin
C)precursor
D)enzyme

Question 50

Which statement best describes the body's handling of water-soluble vitamins?

A)They can easily reach toxic levels.
B)They are stored extensively in tissues.
C)They are easily absorbed and excreted.
D)They are dissolved in fat and water.

Question 51

As a person consumes more polyunsaturated oil, for what vitamin does that person's need increase?

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin D
C)vitamin E
D)vitamin K

Question 52

The body's requirement for vitamin B₆ is roughly proportional to which nutrient intake?

A)dietary fibre
B)fatty acids
C)carbohydrate
D)protein

Question 53

Which food would you recommend to someone who needs to increase intake of thiamin?

A)orange juice
B)steak
C)legumes
D)spinach

Question 54

The amount of vitamin A that a person needs is dependent upon what factor?

A)body weight
B)body composition
C)activity level
D)age

Question 55

Which of the following individuals should take a daily vitamin D supplement?

A)a formula fed infant
B)an 18-year-old that smokes cigarettes
C)a 22-year-old male athlete
D)a 55-year-old healthy adult

Question 56

Which of the following foods is richest in beta-carotene?

A)blueberries
B)beets
C)broccoli
D)red cabbage

Question 57

A vitamin is defined by which of the following characteristics?

A)a non-essential nutrient
B)needed in large amounts
C)indispensable to body function
D)an inorganic compound

Question 58

Why should people avoid using mineral oil as a laxative?

A)It may cause excretion of the fat-soluble vitamins.
B)It may lead to toxic levels of the fat-soluble vitamins in the body.
C)It may interfere with the absorption of water-soluble vitamins.
D)It may induce stomach ulcers.

Question 59

What is the name of the disease that results from thiamin deficiency?

A)beriberi
B)scurvy
C)pellagra
D)osteomalacia

Question 60

Why are B vitamins considered "helpers"?

A)They supply the body directly with energy.
B)They help release energy from energy-yielding nutrients.
C)They function to strictly replace cells with short life spans.
D)They produce energy only through interactions with fatty acids.

Question 61

Explain where in the body Vitamin D acts to raise the blood calcium levels and how that is achieved.

Question 62

What is one of the most well-known functions of vitamin C?

A)protection against nervous system disorders
B)prevention of blood clotting
C)production of collagen
D)maintenance of bone density

Question 63

Which vitamin is potentially the most toxic to the body?

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin D
C)vitamin E
D)vitamin K

Question 64

Which food provides a significant quantity of vitamin E?

A)whole milk
B)wheat germ
C)pork chop
D)chicken wings

Question 65

Which condition is more prevalent in people whose diets lack foods rich in beta-carotene?

A)anemia
B)macular degeneration
C)osteomalacia
D)rickets

Question 66

Any disease that brings about deficiencies of vitamins A, D, E, and K can also result in malabsorption of what nutrient?

A)water
B)carbohydrate
C)protein
D)fat

Question 67

Health Canada recommends that all exclusively breastfed healthy term infants in Canada receive a daily supplement of which vitamin?

A)vitamin B₁
B)vitamin B₂
C)vitamin B₁₂
D)vitamin D

Question 68

Which two vitamins are widespread in food and deficiencies would be rare?

A)folate and riboflavin
B)niacin and thiamin
C)biotin and pantothenic acid
D)vitamin B₆ and vitamin B₁₂

Question 69

Differentiate between retinol and beta-carotene and explain retinol activity equivalents (RAE).

Question 70

Which substance is required for fat-soluble vitamins to be absorbed?

A)insulin
B)bile
C)chyme
D)cholesterol

Question 71

Which food is the only animal food source rich in vitamin K?

A)eggs
B)fish
C)liver
D)cheese

Question 72

In what process does vitamin A play a critical role?

A)prevention of tooth decay
B)blood clotting
C)reproduction
D)nerve transmission

Question 73

What percentage of the Canadian population take vitamin supplements?

A)12
B)24
C)46
D)65

Question 74

What vitamin participates in over 100 reactions in body tissues and is needed to help convert one kind of amino acid, which cells have in abundance, to other nonessential amino acids that cells lack?

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin B₆
C)vitamin B₁₂
D)vitamin C

Question 75

Compare and contrast the characteristics of the water-soluble vitamins and the fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 76

According to researchers, which vitamin has a positive effect on the immune system?

A)vitamin K
B)vitamin C
C)thiamin
D)niacin

Question 77

Xerosis is a condition caused by a deficiency of what vitamin?

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin D
D)vitamin E

Question 78

Which of the following items is a nonfood source of vitamin K?

A)intestinal bacteria
B)cold temperatures
C)antibiotics
D)sunlight

Question 79

Which of the following food items contains active vitamin A?

A)soybeans
B)apricots
C)fish oils
D)potatoes

Question 80

In Canada, which group has the highest rate of scurvy?

A)young adults
B)vegetarians
C)breastfed infants
D)alcohol addicts