Deck 11: Diet and Health

Question 1

Walking 8,000 steps a day will meet the daily activity level that defines an active person.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Which of the following symptoms is indicative of a stroke?

A)cold sweat
B)vomiting
C)shoulder pain
D)facial numbness

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Most people have well-developed arterial plaques by the time they reach age 20.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Components in foods may be cancer-causing, cancer-promoting, or protective against cancer.

Question 5

Which lifestyle choice is among the most powerful risk factors associated with heart disease?

A)increasing age
B)presence of obesity
C)cigarette smoking
D)alcohol consumption

Question 6

No additive scientifically shown to cause cancer is approved for use in Canada.

Question 7

Degenerative diseases are the only type of diseases that afflict people in developed countries.

Question 8

Degenerative diseases are also referred to as chronic diseases.

Question 9

Which of the following individuals is at highest risk for developing hypertension?

A)a 25-year-old university student who is slightly overweight
B)a 30-year-old woman of Asian descent who is physically inactive
C)a 40-year-old African Canadian man whose parents had hypertension
D)a 45-year-old man of European descent who is a vegetarian

Question 10

High sugar intake is considered a risk factor for type 2 diabetes.

Question 11

Which disease is a major independent risk factor for all forms of CVD?

A)diabetes
B)osteoporosis
C)cancer
D)AIDS

Question 12

Thirty minutes of light, balanced exercise, performed at intervals throughout the day, can improve the odds against heart disease.

Question 13

Which term refers to the scavenger white blood cells that engulf and remove debris from the body?

A)neutrophils
B)basophages
C)macrophages
D)eosinophils

Question 14

A deficiency or toxicity of even a single nutrient can weaken the body's defences considerably.

Question 15

Which term refers to the by-product that potatoes and other carbohydrate-rich foods develop during high-temperature cooking?

A)acetaldehyde
B)acrylamide
C)acetyl alcohol
D)acetone

Question 16

Which statement best describes a particular concern for women and heart disease?

A)Heart disease in women usually occurs prior to menopause.
B)Women get heart disease as frequently as men of any age.
C)Women experience more noticeable symptoms of cardiovascular disease than men.
D)Cardiovascular disease kills more women than men.

Question 17

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a man's disease.

Question 18

Which nutrient may have a protective effect against colon cancer?

A)folate
B)magnesium
C)potassium
D)calcium

Question 19

The risk of cancer rises with body mass index (BMI).

Question 20

Elevated levels of which of the following blood lipids are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

A)high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
B)triglycerides (TG)
C)total cholesterol (Total-C)
D)low-density lipoproteins (LDL)

Question 21

Which dietary component helps improve blood lipids?

A)insoluble fibre
B)simple carbohydrate
C)omega-3 fatty acids
D)coconut oil

Question 22

Food safety is of paramount concern for individuals living with which of the following conditions?

A)AIDS
B)anemia
C)hypertension
D)osteoporosis

Question 23

According to Health Canada, what is the upper limit for the percentage of calories from total fat in the diet each day?

A)20
B)25
C)35
D)40

Question 24

What is the name for the deadly cluster of cardiovascular disease (CVD) conditions that includes insulin resistance, high triglycerides, and central obesity?

A)Raynaud's syndrome
B)metabolism syndrome
C)Marfan syndrome
D)metabolic syndrome

Question 25

High blood pressure becomes especially life threatening when paired with which other condition in the body?

A)atherosclerosis
B)osteoporosis
C)cancer
D)arthritis

Question 26

Which medical term best describes a blood clot that lodges itself in an artery in the brain, killing a portion of brain tissue?

A)a stroke
B)an embolism
C)a myocardial infarction
D)a cerebral vascular accident

Question 27

What percentage of young adult women is consuming the recommended amounts of fruit and vegetables daily?

A)20
B)40
C)60
D)80

Question 28

Which of the following lipid values indicates a potential concern for developing atherosclerosis and heart disease?

A)Fasting Triglycerides = 2.3 mmol/L
B)LDL cholesterol = 3.2 mmol/L
C)HDL cholesterol = 1.4 mmol/L
D)Total cholesterol = 5.1 mmol/L

Question 29

Which of the following factors is strongly associated with higher rates of cancers of the mouth and throat?

A)excessive alcohol intake
B)high body fatness
C)elevated dietary calcium intake
D)high intake of salty foods

Question 30

Replacing saturated fat in the diet with simple sugars may cause which of the following risks for CVD?

A)increased HDL cholesterol
B)increased triglycerides
C)increased blood pressure
D)increased homocysteine

Question 31

What is the low risk adult standard for blood pressure?

A)<100 over 75
B)<110 over 70
C)<120 over 80
D)<140 over 90

Question 32

What carries cholesterol away from the cells to the liver for other uses or for disposal?

A)low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
B)high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
C)C-reactive proteins
D)triglycerides

Question 33

Which approach would assist a 54-year-old overweight man to significantly reduce his blood pressure?

A)reduce his body weight
B)avoid consuming caffeine
C)limit his intake of potassium
D)decrease his unsaturated fat intake

Question 34

Which herb is in the "hazard undefined" category for herbal medicines?

A)lobelia
B)feverfew
C)hemlock
D)belladonna

Question 35

Which statement best characterizes infectious diseases?

A)They occur as a result of lifestyle choices.
B)They are caused by a genetic predisposition.
C)They are considered a disease of old age.
D)They are transmitted through air, water, or food.

Question 36

What is the reason for the formation of plaque that accumulates in artery walls?

A)It is an autoimmune response to an infection.
B)It is a complex inflammatory response to tissue damage.
C)It is a metabolic response to low fibre intake.
D)It is a biological response to elevated sodium intake.

Question 37

Which term refers to a blood clot that dislodges and travels throughout the blood vessels?

A)aneurysm
B)thrombus
C)plaque
D)embolus

Question 38

To help prevent hypertension, people should limit their daily sodium intake to how many milligrams?

A)2,000 milligrams
B)2,200 milligrams
C)2,300 milligrams
D)2,600 milligrams

Question 39

Abdominal fatness has been associated with which cancer?

A)lung
B)liver
C)pancreatic
D)stomach

Question 40

Which nutrient toxicity is known to impair immunity?

A)vitamin D
B)iron
C)folate
D)copper

Question 41

Alcohol intake is associated with which cancer?

A)breast
B)stomach
C)prostate
D)lung

Question 42

Which food is a source of heart-healthy essential fatty acids?

A)shelled peanuts
B)stick margarine
C)whole milk
D)regular ground beef

Question 43

Which type of cancer has been associated with a diet high in salt, salted and salty foods?

A)stomach
B)bladder
C)lung
D)breast

Question 44

Which of the following is a characteristic of an atherogenic diet?

A)high in omega-3 fatty acids
B)high in polyunsaturated fats
C)high in trans fats
D)high in monounsaturated fats

Question 45

In men, aging becomes a significant risk factor for heart disease at what age?

A)30
B)35
C)40
D)45

Question 46

Which term best describes the spreading of cancer cells via the blood and lymph?

A)free-radical production
B)initiation
C)metastasis
D)carcinogenesis

Question 47

Which term is defined by Health Canada as "similar in appearance to, or may be, a conventional food that is consumed as part of a usual diet and is demonstrated to have physiological benefits and/or reduce the risk of chronic disease beyond basic nutritional functions"?

A)heart-healthy foods
B)functional foods
C)neutraceutical foods
D)anti-carcinogenic foods

Question 48

Which herb is in the "could be hazardous" category for herbal medicines?

A)echinacea
B)pennyroyal
C)sassafras
D)valerian

Question 49

Which step should you take to control your risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

A)Consume red meat at least twice a week.
B)Eat plenty of foods containing viscous fibre.
C)Take a daily folic acid supplement.
D)Use margarine in the place of olive oil.

Question 50

Which term refers to a stationary blood clot that blocks a blood vessel?

A)aneurism
B)embolism
C)thrombus
D)atherosclerosis

Question 51

Heart-healthy diets are low in which nutrient?

A)calcium
B)carbohydrate
C)protein
D)saturated fat

Question 52

Using diet as preventive medicine, which food item contains the healthiest fat option?

A)stick margarine
B)mixed nuts
C)whole milk
D)regular ground beef

Question 53

Which immune system change results from protein-energy undernutrition?

A)increased antibody secretion
B)reduced number of immune cells
C)thicker skin, with more connective tissue
D)increased size of immune system organs

Question 54

Which of the following factors is a risk for the development of hypertension?

A)underweight
B)inherited genes
C)moderate exercise
D)gender

Question 55

What do levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) tell us about a person's health?

A)HDLs are associated with being underweight.
B)HDLs are highly predictive of cancer.
C)HDLs are contributing factors for osteoporosis.
D)HDLs are predictive of heart disease.

Question 56

Individuals with hypertension should consume foods rich in which nutrient?

A)chloride
B)potassium
C)folate
D)selenium

Question 57

Metabolic syndrome greatly increases a person's risk of developing which of the following conditions?

A)cancer
B)osteoporosis
C)cardiovascular disease
D)hypertension

Question 58

According to epidemiological studies, which of the following is correlated with low cancer rates?

A)high fat intake
B)low unsaturated fat intake
C)low whole grain intake
D)high vegetable intake

Question 59

Which of the following foods is a cruciferous vegetable?

A)green onions
B)carrots
C)spinach
D)turnips

Question 60

What percentage of Canadian adults is affected by chronic high blood pressure?

A)10
B)16
C)22
D)27

Question 61

How would you decide whether certain diet recommendations are especially important to decrease your risk of degenerative diseases?

Question 62

Saturated fat should remain below what percentage of calories in the diets of healthy people living in Canada and the United States?

A)10
B)15
C)20
D)30

Question 63

What heart health benefits have been reported with moderate alcohol consumption for middle-aged and older adults?

A)reduced blood pressure
B)decreased LDL cholesterol
C)increased HDL cholesterol
D)elevated triglycerides

Question 64

What percentage of cancers is influenced by diet?

A)5-7
B)8-15
C)15-30
D)20-50

Question 65

Which of the following factors increases risk for metabolic syndrome?

A)low fasting blood glucose
B)low blood (HDL) cholesterol
C)low body mass index (BMI)
D)low blood pressure

Question 66

What does DASH stand for?

A)Diet Achieves Superior Hypertension
B)Dietary Assistance Subdues Hypertension
C)Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
D)Decreased Alcohol Stops Hypertension

Question 67

Explain what is meant by the term "salt sensitive" and describe the characteristics of people most prone to this condition.

Question 68

Trans fatty acids are classified with which of the following types of fats for the purposes of dietary recommendations to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

A)unsaturated fats
B)saturated fats
C)monounsaturated fats
D)polyunsaturated fats

Question 69

According to the World Health Organization and Health Canada, people should limit their daily cholesterol intake to what amount?

A)75 milligrams
B)150 milligrams
C)250 milligrams
D)300 milligrams

Question 70

Which food limits clot formation of blood platelets?

A)whole grains, such as whole-wheat bread
B)oils, such as palm kernel oil
C)citrus fruits, such as grapefruit
D)fatty fish, such as salmon

Question 71

How do sterols and stanol esters reportedly work to improve heart health?

A)They block absorption of cholesterol from the intestine.
B)They decrease artery pressure caused by blood flow.
C)They halt weight gain by blocking fat absorption in the body.
D)They reduce the body's absorption of some phytochemicals.

Question 72

What is one of the best actions you can take to reduce your risk of cancer?

A)Limit foods that are baked and poached.
B)Consume a fat-restricted diet.
C)Eat a variety of vegetables and fruits daily.
D)Take vitamin and mineral supplements.

Question 73

Discuss why direct-to-consumer DNA test results requires some precaution for the consumer.

Question 74

Blood cholesterol and the rate of death from heart disease are low when fish, fruits, and vegetables are eaten in abundance and dietary fat consists mostly of which type of fat?

A)trans fats
B)omega-6 fats
C)saturated fats
D)unsaturated fats

Question 75

Describe the role of viscous (soluble) fibre in promoting health of the body; include examples of food sources of viscous fibre.

Question 76

Which food item belongs to a category of foods that is linked with an increased risk for colon cancer if consumed infrequently?

A)ground beef
B)tomatoes
C)oranges
D)cabbage

Question 77

What is the best approach to help strengthen the body's immune system?

A)using herbal remedies
B)eating organically grown food
C)taking daily oral nutrient supplements
D)nourishing with adequate nutrition

Question 78

Explain the association between colon cancer and iron.

Question 79

Which food provides a rich source of soluble fibre that helps to improve blood cholesterol?

A)oatmeal
B)skim milk
C)orange juice
D)cream of wheat

Question 80

Which nutrient plays a special role with respect to colon cancer?

A)vitamin E
B)vitamin C
C)folate
D)beta-carotene