Deck 6: Fingerprints

Question 1

The most common ridge pattern is the:

A)Loop.
B)Whorl.
C)Accidental.
D)Arch.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The value of ridge patterns in determining the uniqueness of a fingerprint is ________ the value of type and position of ridge characteristics in determining the uniqueness of a fingerprint.

A)Greater than
B)The same as
C)Less than

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Under which circumstances have two people been found to have identical fingerprints?

A)Identical twins
B)Conjoined twins
C)Fraternal twins
D)None to date

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which person listed below attempted to destroy his fingerprints with corrosive acid?

A)John Gotti
B)Carlo Gambino
C)William West
D)John Dillinger

Question 5

The number of deltas found in an arch pattern is ________ the number of deltas found in a loop pattern.

A)Greater than
B)Less than
C)The same as

Question 6

It is estimated that there are as many as ________ ridge characteristics in an average complete fingerprint.

A)50
B)100
C)150
D)200

Question 7

Prints that are not readily visible are commonly referred to as:

A)Latent.
B)Open.
C)Plastic.
D)Patent.

Question 8

Fingerprints are formed:

A)During fetal development.
B)By the time a child is two years old.
C)During first six months after birth.
D)At birth.

Question 9

Sir Francis Galton, in writing his textbook on fingerprints, built on the groundbreaking work in this area done by:

A)Henry.
B)Bertillon.
C)Vucetich.
D)Faulds.

Question 10

The most commonly encountered ridge characteristics (used by AFIS)are the:

A)Ridge ending and island.
B)Ridge crossing and short ridge.
C)Bifurcation and ridge ending.
D)Bifurcation and trifurcation.

Question 11

Will West was the man who:

A)Had a virtual "double" with a similar name.
B)Devised the fingerprint classification system used in Spanish-speaking countries.
C)Mutilated his fingerprints with acid.
D)Invented Superglue.

Question 12

In the Primary Classification scheme, the left index finger has a potential value of:

A)16.
B)8)
C)4)
D)2)

Question 13

In the Primary Classification System, a finger is assigned numerical value if its pattern is a(n):

A)Loop.
B)Ulnar loop.
C)Arch.
D)Whorl.

Question 14

To permanently alter the fingerprint and produce scars, one must damage the:

A)Minutiae.
B)Ridges.
C)Epidermis.
D)Dermal papillae.

Question 15

Approximately what percentage of the population falls into the 1/1 Primary Classification category?

A)30%
B)20%
C)25%
D)10%

Question 16

What is the minimum number of ridge characteristics necessary before two fingerprints can be identified as the same?

A)10
B)12
C)16
D)No minimum exists

Question 17

AFIS is a(n):

A)Computerized system for storing and retrieving fingerprint records.
B)Method used to determine age of a latent print.
C)Computer system programmed to analyze hair.
D)Assay technique used to identify drugs.

Question 18

The friction skin ridges:

A)Have no useful purpose other than identification.
B)Provide a firmer grip.
C)Resist slippage.
D)Both B and C

Question 19

The pores of the sweat glands are located in the:

A)Skin ridges.
B)Friction grooves.
C)Dermis.
D)Dermal papillae.

Question 20

The fingerprint classification system used in most English speaking countries was devised by:

A)Henry.
B)Vucetich.
C)Herschel.
D)Faulds.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT true about digital imaging?

A)Once the image is produced, it can be manipulated and enlarged.
B)It produces an image composed of pixels.
C)It is a process in which a picture is converted into a digital file.
D)It does not allow for the simultaneous comparison of two prints.

Question 22

Physical developer contains:

A)Iodine.
B)Silver nitrate.
C)Ninhydrin.
D)Acrylate.

Question 23

Which of the following types of fingerprints are most likely to be found impressed in soft wax?

A)Visible
B)Plastic
C)Latent
D)Hidden

Question 24

Which chemical treatment produces a white-appearing latent print?

A)Ninhydrin
B)Iodine fuming
C)Superglue fuming
D)Physical developer

Question 25

Dusting to visualize a latent print on finished leather and rough plastic is best done with a:

A)Fiberglass brush.
B)Magna brush.
C)Camel's hair brush.
D)All of the above

Question 26

After successfully visualizing a latent print on an object, an investigator should next:

A)Classify the print.
B)Lift the print with adhesive tape.
C)Compare it to the suspect's prints.
D)Take a photograph of the print.

Question 27

Prints impressed in a bar of soap are referred to as:

A)Latent.
B)Hidden.
C)Plastic.
D)Dusted.

Question 28

The AFIS search algorithm determines the degree of ________ between the location and relationship of the minutiae between the questioned fingerprint and those in the database.

A)Orientation
B)Correlation
C)Minutiae
D)Difference

Question 29

Livescan images of fingerprints:

A)Have eliminated the need for inked prints on paper cards.
B)Are sent to the AFIS database electronically.
C)Are captured when the subject's fingers and palms are placed onto a glass platen.
D)All of the above.

Question 30

Which is NOT considered a porous surface?

A)Tile
B)Cloth
C)Paper
D)Cardboard

Question 31

The first systematic system of individual classification and identification was introduced by:

A)Francis Galton.
B)Richard Henry.
C)William Herschel.
D)Alphonse Bertillon.

Question 32

Ninhydrin is used on a latent print to detect:

A)Fatty acids.
B)Riboflavin.
C)Protein material.
D)Salt.

Question 33

Superglue fuming is NOT suitable for use on:

A)Cardboard.
B)Metal.
C)Leather.
D)Plastic bags.

Question 34

Investigators can use ________ to detect latent fingerprints without use of chemicals or powder treatments.

A)RUVIS
B)AFIS
C)GRIM 3
D)GC/MS

Question 35

The FBI's IAFIS became fully operational in:

A)1977.
B)1989.
C)1991.
D)1999.

Question 36

Which substance is a substitute for Ninhydrin?

A)DFO
B)RAY
C)MRM 10
D)RAM

Question 37

In which order should chemical treatments to visualize latent prints be performed? 1. Ninhydrin
2) Iodine fuming
3) Physical developer

A)1, 3, 2
B)2, 1, 3
C)3, 1, 2
D)1, 2, 3

Question 38

A primary classification of 9/3 means that there are:

A)Whorls on the left index and right ring fingers.
B)Deltas on fingers #9 and #3.
C)Whorls on the left and right middle fingers.
D)Loops on the right thumb and left ring finger.

Question 39

Currently, which of the following, in conjunction with chemically induced fluorescence, is most often used to visualize latent prints?

A)High-intensity light sources
B)IR light
C)UV light
D)Laser illumination

Question 40

Sublimation occurs with the use of:

A)Iodine fuming.
B)Cyanoacrylate.
C)Laser-print detection.
D)Silver nitrate.

Question 41

A chemical method used for developing prints on nonporous surfaces is:

A)Physical developer.
B)Ninhydrin.
C)Fuming with cyanoacrylate.
D)DFO.

Question 42

A fingerprint pattern having no delta is a(n):

A)Arch.
B)Loop.
C)Plain whorl.
D)Central pocket loop.

Question 43

Which statement is true of a partial fingerprint?

A)It must show at least a little of all ten fingers.
B)Any print is sufficient for identification as long as there is enough to identify its basic pattern.
C)Any print can identify a criminal if it shows an adequate number of ridge characteristics.
D)At least 75% of the pattern must be present for identification.

Question 44

It is possible to obscure one's fingerprints by scarring.

Question 45

Chemical methods for developing latent fingerprints must be used in the following sequence:

A)Iodine, physical developer, ninhydrin.
B)Iodine, ninhydrin, physical developer.
C)Ninhydrin, iodine, physical developer.
D)Ninhydrin, physical developer, iodine.

Question 46

Ridge characteristics are ridge endings, bifurcations, enclosures, and other ridge details which must match in two fingerprints to establish their common origin.

Question 47

The fingerprint pattern accounting for only 5% of all known patterns is the:

A)Arch.
B)Radial loop.
C)Ulnar loop.
D)Whorl.

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a ridge characteristic of a fingerprint?

A)Enclosure
B)Bifurcation
C)Island
D)Core

Question 49

Computerized fingerprint search systems match prints by comparing the position of ________ and ________.

A)Loops; arches
B)Minutiae; ridge characteristics
C)Bifurcations; ridge endings
D)Ridges; furrows

Question 50

The shape of the boundary formed from dermal papillae determines the fingerprint pattern.

Question 51

Loops include ridge patterns that are generally rounded or circular and have two deltas.

Question 52

A loop must have at least one delta.

Question 53

A point-by-point comparison of a fingerprint's ________ must be demonstrated in order to prove identity.

A)Minutiae
B)Pattern
C)Protein composition
D)Classification

Question 54

The image produced from a digital file is composed of numerous square electronic dots called:

A)Bytes.
B)Cubic millimeters.
C)Screen elements.
D)Pixels.

Question 55

A latent fingerprint is a fingerprint made by the deposit of oils and/or perspiration that is visible to the naked eye.

Question 56

Protein residues are best developed into fingerprint impressions with:

A)Iodine.
B)Ninhydrin.
C)Physical developer.
D)Dusting powder.

Question 57

Loops are the most common type of fingerprint patterns.

Question 58

A chemical method used for developing prints on nonporous surfaces is:

A)Physical developer.
B)Ninhydrin.
C)Applying the dye rhodamine 6G after fuming with cyanoacrylate.
D)DFO.

Question 59

Which step of the ACE-V process requires the examiner to identify any distortions associated with the friction ridges?

A)Analysis
B)Comparison
C)Evaluation
D)Verification

Question 60

If an imaginary line drawn between the two deltas of a whorl pattern touches any of the spiral ridges, the pattern is classified as a(n):

A)Central pocket whorl.
B)Central pocket loop whorl.
C)Accidental whorl.
D)Plain whorl.

Question 61

When using AFIS, the computer makes the final verification of the print's identity.

Question 62

Digital imaging is a process through which a picture is converted into pixels.

Question 63

The identity, number, and relative location of ridge characteristics impart ________ to a fingerprint.

Question 64

After the latent print has been visualized, a photograph must be taken before any further attempts at preservation.

Question 65

The primary classification is the first step in classifying fingerprints under the FBI system.

Question 66

________ fingerprints are formed when a finger touches a surface and transfers perspiration, along with oils, onto the surface.

Question 67

Fingerprints are a reproduction of ________ skin ridges found on the palm side of the fingers and thumbs.

Question 68

The perspiration in fingerprints contains a variety of components that fluoresce when illuminated by laser light.

Question 69

A final conclusion made using the ACE-V process is either the individualization or elimination of a print.

Question 70

A plain arch is the simplest of all fingerprint patterns.

Question 71

The ACE-V process requires an independent examination by a second examiner.

Question 72

Dermal papillae are cells that form a ________ between the outer skin, or epidermis, and the inner skin, or the dermis.

Question 73

The three types of fingerprint patterns are loops, whorls, and ________.

Question 74

Ridge characteristics are also known as ________.

Question 75

________ include ridge patterns that are generally rounded or circular and have two deltas.

Question 76

RUVIS detects prints by using chemical treatments.

Question 77

The comparison step of the ACE-V process requires the comparison of the known and unknown print at two different levels.

Question 78

The three kinds of crime scene fingerprints are visible prints, invisible prints, and latent prints.

Question 79

Digital imaging is still effective in enhancing latent fingerprints even if details of the print do not exist on the original images.

Question 80

Soft and porous surfaces are preferably developed by applying fingerprint powder or treating with Superglue.