Deck 15: Forensic Serology

Question 1

Buccal cells are obtained from:

A)Semen.
B)The inside of the cheek.
C)Urine.
D)Blood.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which type of cells are NOT contained in plasma?

A)Phagocytes
B)Leukocytes
C)Erythrocytes
D)Platelets

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Where are antibodies found?

A)In the red blood cells
B)In the white blood cells
C)In the solid portion of blood
D)In the blood serum

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Type AB blood contains:

A)Anti-A antibodies and B antigens.
B)Anti-A antigens and anti-B antibodies.
C)Both A and B antigens.
D)Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Semen is unequivocally identified by the presence of spermatozoa.
B)The likelihood of finding seminal acid phosphatase in vaginal swabs decreases with time.
C)Spermatozoa can be found in the vagina of a living female after 3 days.
D)Semen will typically not contain the enzyme p30.

Question 6

A stain can tentatively be identified as blood by:

A)The benzidine test.
B)The luminol test.
C)The phenolphthalein test.
D)All of the above

Question 7

PSA (p30)is a:

A)Polymorphic enzyme found in red blood cells.
B)Protein found in seminal plasma.
C)Blood enzyme used to discriminate bloodstains.
D)Protein specific to females.

Question 8

The sensitivity of the Takayama and Teichmann crystal tests for the identification of bloodstains is ________ the sensitivity of the Kastle-Meyer color test for bloodstain identification.

A)The same as
B)Greater than
C)Less than
D)None of the above

Question 9

An individual who is type O has:

A)O antibodies.
B)A antibodies.
C)B antibodies.
D)Neither A nor B antibodies.

Question 10

Evidence to substantiate that a rape occurred could include:

A)Blood and semen.
B)Hairs.
C)Fibers.
D)All of the above.

Question 11

Which blood components are directly pertinent to the forensic aspects of blood identification?

A)Platelets
B)Blood serum
C)Red blood cells
D)Both B and C

Question 12

A gene pair made up of two similar alleles - for example, AA and BB - is said to be:

A)Heterozygous.
B)Monoclonal.
C)Complementary.
D)Homozygous.

Question 13

In routine blood banking, which antigen(s)must be determined in testing for compatibility?

A)A
B)B
C)D
D)All of the above

Question 14

EMIT is NOT a(n):

A)Highly specific process to identify drugs in blood.
B)Immunological assay technique that utilizes antibodies.
C)Speedy test to detect methadone in urine.
D)Screening test for suspected marijuana smoking.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A)Dried bloodstains may tentatively be identified as blood by a color test.
B)All bloods contain the enzyme hemoglobin.
C)A-B-O antigens are present in all human blood.
D)The Kastle-Meyer test is used to determine whether blood is of human origin.

Question 16

Luminol can be used at crime scenes to:

A)Detect traces of blood without compromising potential DNA typing.
B)Make hair evidence fluoresce.
C)Light up the crime scene with a high degree of illumination.
D)Locate latent prints that otherwise would be overlooked.

Question 17

To determine whether a bloodstain is of human or animal origin, the serologist will perform:

A)A precipitin test.
B)The luminol test.
C)An analysis with Hemastix strips.
D)RIA.

Question 18

If blood is found to have both A and B antigens, it is typed as:

A)A)
B)B)
C)AB.
D)O)

Question 19

The presence or absence of how many antigens determines an individual's blood type in the A-B-O system?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3

Question 20

The amount of acid phosphatase in seminal fluid is ________ the amount of acid phosphatase in blood.

A)Greater than
B)The same as
C)Less than
D)None of the above

Question 21

One parent is type AB; the other parent is type O. A possible genotype for an offspring is:

A)AB
B)OO
C)AO
D)None of the above

Question 22

A precipitin test can be used to identify:

A)Human blood.
B)Dog blood.
C)Cat blood.
D)All of the above

Question 23

Aspermia is an abnormally low sperm count.

Question 24

The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody is known as:

A)Radioimmunology.
B)Clotting.
C)Agglutination.
D)Serology.

Question 25

What approximate percentage of the population is type B?

A)80 percent
B)41 percent
C)38 percent
D)15 percent

Question 26

The blood factors belonging to the A-B-O system are the most important for properly matching a donor and recipient for a transfusion.

Question 27

People with type O blood have both A and B antigens on their red blood cells.

Question 28

Microcrystalline tests are far less sensitive than color tests for blood identification.

Question 29

The most common color test for bloodstains is Luminol.

Question 30

The D antigen is also known as the ________ antigen.

A)Monoclonal
B)X
C)AB
D)Rh

Question 31

Paternity testing is done involving a woman with type AB blood who has accused a man with type B blood of fathering her child who has tested AB. What can be determined in this case?

A)The male is definitely NOT the father of the child.
B)The male could have fathered the child.
C)The male definitely IS the father of the child.
D)The child cannot belong to this mother.

Question 32

In which phenotype pairings can the genotypes of the individuals be directly known?

A)Type AB and type O
B)Type A and type B
C)Type B and type O
D)Type A and type AB

Question 33

________ transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

A)Red blood cells
B)White blood cells
C)Alveoli
D)Lymphocytes

Question 34

During the production of monoclonal antibodies, which step is NOT followed?

A)Inject an animal with the antigen of interest.
B)Remove the animal's spleen cells.
C)Fuse the spleen cells to malignant blood cells.
D)All of the above are followed.

Question 35

Acid-phosphatase is a major constituent of:

A)Blood.
B)Semen.
C)Saliva.
D)Perspiration.

Question 36

The presence of ________ indicates that a stain is seminal in nature.

A)PGM
B)Peroxidase
C)p30
D)DNA

Question 37

What is true about monoclonal antibodies?

A)They are produced utilizing rapidly multiplying blood-cancer cells.
B)They are produced by injecting a mouse with an antigen.
C)They are expected to be medicine's version of the "magic bullet."
D)All of the above

Question 38

The presence of prostate specific antigen (PSA)or p30 is useful for identifying a sample stain containing semen.

Question 39

Gel diffusion takes advantage of the fact that antibodies and antigens move toward one another on a plate.

Question 40

When an animal is injected with an antigen, the animal will respond by producing:

A)Polyclonal antibodies.
B)Monoclonal antibodies.
C)Agglutinates.
D)Both A and B

Question 41

________ is the fluid portion of the blood.

Question 42

An antigen is a protein that destroys or inactivates a specific antibody.

Question 43

One of the most frequent uses of the EMIT technique in forensic laboratories has been for screening the urine of suspected marijuana smokers.

Question 44

Information about when the victim last had consensual sex is not useful for evaluating the significance of findings during a possible rape examination.

Question 45

A heterozygous gene pair is made up of two different alleles while a homozygous gene pair is made up of two similar alleles.

Question 46

Chromosomes are the basic units of heredity.

Question 47

________ is the absence of sperm, or sterility in males.

Question 48

When two different genes are inherited, the characteristic coded for by a recessive gene is expressed.

Question 49

Polyclonal antibodies are more useful than monoclonal antibodies for the forensic scientist.

Question 50

When serum containing B antibodies is added to red blood cells carrying the B antigen, the blood ________.

Question 51

Biological evidence should be packaged in plastic or airtight containers.

Question 52

Type O blood is the most common in the United States.

Question 53

The reaction of luminol with blood results in the production of color rather than light.

Question 54

The best way to locate and characterize a ________ stain is to perform the acid phosphatase test.

Question 55

________ is the study of antigen and serum antibody reactions.

Question 56

Most human cells contain 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 mated pairs.

Question 57

The standard test used to determine whether blood is of human or animal origin is the ________ test.

Question 58

Non-motile sperm generally survive for up to four to six hours in the vaginal cavity of a living female.

Question 59

Human bloodstains dried for years may still give a positive reaction for a precipitin test.

Question 60

A(n)________ is a protein in the blood serum that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen.

Question 61

Two commonly used ________ tests for blood are the Kastle-Meyer test and the Hemastix test.

Question 62

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once.

A)A protein that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen
B)An abnormally low sperm count
C)The liquid that separates from the blood when a clot is formed
D)The physical manifestation of a genetic trait such as shape, color, and blood type
E)A structure in the cell nucleus composed of DNA, along which the genes are located
F)A substance that stimulates the body to produce antibodies against it
G)The basic unit of heredity, consisting of a DNA segment located on a chromosome
H)The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody
I)The male sex chromosome
J)An enzyme found in high concentration in semen
K)The female sex chromosome
L)The fluid portion of unclotted blood
M)Any of several alternative forms of a gene located at the same point on a particular pair of chromosomes
N)The absence of sperm cells in semen
O)The particular combination of genes present in the cells of an individual
Plasma

Question 63

A(n)________ is the particular combination of genes present in the cells of an individual.

Question 64

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once.

A)A protein that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen
B)An abnormally low sperm count
C)The liquid that separates from the blood when a clot is formed
D)The physical manifestation of a genetic trait such as shape, color, and blood type
E)A structure in the cell nucleus composed of DNA, along which the genes are located
F)A substance that stimulates the body to produce antibodies against it
G)The basic unit of heredity, consisting of a DNA segment located on a chromosome
H)The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody
I)The male sex chromosome
J)An enzyme found in high concentration in semen
K)The female sex chromosome
L)The fluid portion of unclotted blood
M)Any of several alternative forms of a gene located at the same point on a particular pair of chromosomes
N)The absence of sperm cells in semen
O)The particular combination of genes present in the cells of an individual
Oligospermia

Question 65

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once.

A)A protein that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen
B)An abnormally low sperm count
C)The liquid that separates from the blood when a clot is formed
D)The physical manifestation of a genetic trait such as shape, color, and blood type
E)A structure in the cell nucleus composed of DNA, along which the genes are located
F)A substance that stimulates the body to produce antibodies against it
G)The basic unit of heredity, consisting of a DNA segment located on a chromosome
H)The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody
I)The male sex chromosome
J)An enzyme found in high concentration in semen
K)The female sex chromosome
L)The fluid portion of unclotted blood
M)Any of several alternative forms of a gene located at the same point on a particular pair of chromosomes
N)The absence of sperm cells in semen
O)The particular combination of genes present in the cells of an individual
Gene

Question 66

One of the most frequent uses of EMIT in forensic laboratories has been for screening the urine of suspected ________ users.

Question 67

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once.

A)A protein that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen
B)An abnormally low sperm count
C)The liquid that separates from the blood when a clot is formed
D)The physical manifestation of a genetic trait such as shape, color, and blood type
E)A structure in the cell nucleus composed of DNA, along which the genes are located
F)A substance that stimulates the body to produce antibodies against it
G)The basic unit of heredity, consisting of a DNA segment located on a chromosome
H)The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody
I)The male sex chromosome
J)An enzyme found in high concentration in semen
K)The female sex chromosome
L)The fluid portion of unclotted blood
M)Any of several alternative forms of a gene located at the same point on a particular pair of chromosomes
N)The absence of sperm cells in semen
O)The particular combination of genes present in the cells of an individual
Genotype

Question 68

Monoclonal antibodies bind to ________ antibody site(s).

Question 69

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once.

A)A protein that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen
B)An abnormally low sperm count
C)The liquid that separates from the blood when a clot is formed
D)The physical manifestation of a genetic trait such as shape, color, and blood type
E)A structure in the cell nucleus composed of DNA, along which the genes are located
F)A substance that stimulates the body to produce antibodies against it
G)The basic unit of heredity, consisting of a DNA segment located on a chromosome
H)The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody
I)The male sex chromosome
J)An enzyme found in high concentration in semen
K)The female sex chromosome
L)The fluid portion of unclotted blood
M)Any of several alternative forms of a gene located at the same point on a particular pair of chromosomes
N)The absence of sperm cells in semen
O)The particular combination of genes present in the cells of an individual
Allele

Question 70

Spermatozoa can be difficult to locate because they are bound tightly to ________ materials.

Question 71

The reaction of luminol with blood results in the production of ________ rather than color.

Question 72

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once.

A)A protein that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen
B)An abnormally low sperm count
C)The liquid that separates from the blood when a clot is formed
D)The physical manifestation of a genetic trait such as shape, color, and blood type
E)A structure in the cell nucleus composed of DNA, along which the genes are located
F)A substance that stimulates the body to produce antibodies against it
G)The basic unit of heredity, consisting of a DNA segment located on a chromosome
H)The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody
I)The male sex chromosome
J)An enzyme found in high concentration in semen
K)The female sex chromosome
L)The fluid portion of unclotted blood
M)Any of several alternative forms of a gene located at the same point on a particular pair of chromosomes
N)The absence of sperm cells in semen
O)The particular combination of genes present in the cells of an individual
Chromosome

Question 73

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once.

A)A protein that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen
B)An abnormally low sperm count
C)The liquid that separates from the blood when a clot is formed
D)The physical manifestation of a genetic trait such as shape, color, and blood type
E)A structure in the cell nucleus composed of DNA, along which the genes are located
F)A substance that stimulates the body to produce antibodies against it
G)The basic unit of heredity, consisting of a DNA segment located on a chromosome
H)The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody
I)The male sex chromosome
J)An enzyme found in high concentration in semen
K)The female sex chromosome
L)The fluid portion of unclotted blood
M)Any of several alternative forms of a gene located at the same point on a particular pair of chromosomes
N)The absence of sperm cells in semen
O)The particular combination of genes present in the cells of an individual
Antibody

Question 74

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once.

A)A protein that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen
B)An abnormally low sperm count
C)The liquid that separates from the blood when a clot is formed
D)The physical manifestation of a genetic trait such as shape, color, and blood type
E)A structure in the cell nucleus composed of DNA, along which the genes are located
F)A substance that stimulates the body to produce antibodies against it
G)The basic unit of heredity, consisting of a DNA segment located on a chromosome
H)The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody
I)The male sex chromosome
J)An enzyme found in high concentration in semen
K)The female sex chromosome
L)The fluid portion of unclotted blood
M)Any of several alternative forms of a gene located at the same point on a particular pair of chromosomes
N)The absence of sperm cells in semen
O)The particular combination of genes present in the cells of an individual
Agglutination

Question 75

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once.

A)A protein that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen
B)An abnormally low sperm count
C)The liquid that separates from the blood when a clot is formed
D)The physical manifestation of a genetic trait such as shape, color, and blood type
E)A structure in the cell nucleus composed of DNA, along which the genes are located
F)A substance that stimulates the body to produce antibodies against it
G)The basic unit of heredity, consisting of a DNA segment located on a chromosome
H)The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody
I)The male sex chromosome
J)An enzyme found in high concentration in semen
K)The female sex chromosome
L)The fluid portion of unclotted blood
M)Any of several alternative forms of a gene located at the same point on a particular pair of chromosomes
N)The absence of sperm cells in semen
O)The particular combination of genes present in the cells of an individual
Acid phosphatase

Question 76

Type ________ blood is the least common.

Question 77

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once.

A)A protein that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen
B)An abnormally low sperm count
C)The liquid that separates from the blood when a clot is formed
D)The physical manifestation of a genetic trait such as shape, color, and blood type
E)A structure in the cell nucleus composed of DNA, along which the genes are located
F)A substance that stimulates the body to produce antibodies against it
G)The basic unit of heredity, consisting of a DNA segment located on a chromosome
H)The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody
I)The male sex chromosome
J)An enzyme found in high concentration in semen
K)The female sex chromosome
L)The fluid portion of unclotted blood
M)Any of several alternative forms of a gene located at the same point on a particular pair of chromosomes
N)The absence of sperm cells in semen
O)The particular combination of genes present in the cells of an individual
Serum

Question 78

Rape evidence should be packaged separately in ________ bags.

Question 79

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once.

A)A protein that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen
B)An abnormally low sperm count
C)The liquid that separates from the blood when a clot is formed
D)The physical manifestation of a genetic trait such as shape, color, and blood type
E)A structure in the cell nucleus composed of DNA, along which the genes are located
F)A substance that stimulates the body to produce antibodies against it
G)The basic unit of heredity, consisting of a DNA segment located on a chromosome
H)The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody
I)The male sex chromosome
J)An enzyme found in high concentration in semen
K)The female sex chromosome
L)The fluid portion of unclotted blood
M)Any of several alternative forms of a gene located at the same point on a particular pair of chromosomes
N)The absence of sperm cells in semen
O)The particular combination of genes present in the cells of an individual
Aspermia

Question 80

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once.

A)A protein that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen
B)An abnormally low sperm count
C)The liquid that separates from the blood when a clot is formed
D)The physical manifestation of a genetic trait such as shape, color, and blood type
E)A structure in the cell nucleus composed of DNA, along which the genes are located
F)A substance that stimulates the body to produce antibodies against it
G)The basic unit of heredity, consisting of a DNA segment located on a chromosome
H)The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody
I)The male sex chromosome
J)An enzyme found in high concentration in semen
K)The female sex chromosome
L)The fluid portion of unclotted blood
M)Any of several alternative forms of a gene located at the same point on a particular pair of chromosomes
N)The absence of sperm cells in semen
O)The particular combination of genes present in the cells of an individual
Antigen