Deck 5: The Dynamic Cell

Question 1

When a car burns gasoline, much of the energy is released in the form of heat.Which of the following best describes this process in relation to the first law of thermodynamics?

A) energy is conserved
B) energy can be changed from one form to another
C) energy is often destroyed
D) all energy comes from the sun
E) energy is always used up in reactions

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it

A) does not require the presence of an enzyme.
B) requires energy from the cell.
C) does not require energy from the cell.
D) does not require control by the nucleus.
E) moves molecules from low to high concentration.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is a mechanism used to regulate enzyme activity?

A) osmosis
B) facilitated diffusion
C) active transport
D) feedback inhibition
E) phagocytosis

Answer 3

D

Question 4

ATP breakdown provides the energy necessary for muscle contraction. This is an example of which concept?

A) coupled reactions
B) the first law of thermodynamics
C) enzyme inhibition
D) receptor-mediated endocytosis
E) active transport

Question 5

Less energy is needed to bring about a reaction when an enzyme is present.

Question 6

ATP releases energy when

A) a ribose is added.
B) adenine is removed.
C) a phosphate is removed.
D) deoxyribose is added.
E) sunlight strikes it.

Question 7

Which of the following is best associated with a coupled reaction?

A) ATP consumes energy from another metabolic reaction.
B) ADP often transfers a phosphate to the reactant.
C) The breakdown of ATP generally releases more energy (and heat) than is needed to power the metabolic reaction.
D) ATP gains a phosphate group during the metabolic reaction.
E) ADP is used up in the metabolic reaction.

Question 8

What function do the carrier proteins embedded in the cell membrane serve?

A) simple diffusion
B) facilitated diffusion
C) support for the membrane
D) receptor for hormone molecules
E) osmosis

Question 9

Energy of activation

A) is the energy required for molecules to react with each other.
B) requires the use of enzymes.
C) allows for feedback inhibition.
D) acts on the products of metabolic reactions.
E) is a measure of the amount of solar radiation striking a leaf surface.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of potential energy rather than kinetic energy?

A) an apple made up of energy-rich macromolecules
B) a firefly using light flashes to attract a mate
C) a skier at the bottom of the hill instead of the top of the hill
D) a pile of leaves that have been burnt
E) a candle giving off light

Question 11

Which of the following correctly lists the order in which energy flows through an ecosystem?

A) solar energy - mitochondria - chloroplast
B) chloroplast - solar energy - mitochondria
C) solar energy - chloroplast - mitochondria
D) mitochondria - solar energy - chloroplast
E) chloroplast - mitochondria - solar energy

Question 12

The opposite of a turgid plant cell is a

A) hypertonic plant cell.
B) osmotic plant cell.
C) isotonic plant cell.
D) plasmolyzed plant cell.
E) ruptured plant cell.

Question 13

The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the

A) feedback site.
B) active site.
C) substrate location.
D) inhibitor.
E) solute.

Question 14

Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a carrier protein in

A) simple diffusion.
B) facilitated diffusion.
C) pinocytosis.
D) active transport.
E) phagocytosis.

Question 15

Which of the following terms best describes entropy?

A) order
B) disorder
C) potential energy
D) kinetic energy
E) energy conversions

Question 16

What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions?

A) substrate inhibition
B) pH change
C) ATP blockage
D) feedback inhibition
E) temperature levels

Question 17

What prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution?

A) plasma membrane
B) transport proteins, which help pump the excess water out of the cell
C) the presence of a cell wall
D) water moving out of the cell
E) the presence of chloroplasts

Question 18

Which of the following statements about ATP is inaccurate?

A) ATP is formed when energy is released during cell respiration.
B) When ATP becomes ADP + P, the amount of energy released is enough for a biological purpose.
C) ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and two phosphate groups.
D) ATP contains the energy form used for cellular work.
E) ADP is lower in potential energy than ATP.

Question 19

Considering the ATP cycle, which of the following would have the most potential energy to perform work for cell activities?

A) ATP
B) ADP
C) adenosine
D) AMP
E) H ⁺ ions

Question 20

Simple diffusion of molecules occurs

A) from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration.
B) in nonliving systems as well as living systems.
C) across plasma membranes only through transport proteins.
D) until those molecules are more highly concentrated on one side of the plasma membrane.
E) only in molecules that are in a gaseous state.

Question 21

A white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a worn-out red blood cell. This process is called

A) active transport.
B) phagocytosis.
C) exocytosis.
D) pinocytosis.
E) facilitated diffusion.

Question 22

During an osmosis experiment in class, you look at some cells under the microscope. You notice the cells look shriveled. What type of solution were the cells immersed in?

A) hypotonic
B) isotonic
C) hypertonic
D) diffuse
E) ionic

Question 23

When neurons release their neurotransmitters, they release them in secretory vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane. What type of cellular transport is this?

A) active transport
B) diffusion
C) exocytosis
D) pinocytosis
E) osmosis

Question 24

Which one of the following molecules is able to move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion?

A) DNA
B) hemoglobin
C) carbon dioxide
D) glucose
E) starch

Question 25

What process allows water to move across a cellmembrane?

A) osmosis
B) active transport
C) phagocytosis
D) facilitated diffusion
E) passive transport

Question 26

Intestinal cells absorb glucose via active transport. What would happen if all the mitochondria within these intestinal cells were destroyed?

A) Glucose absorption would increase.
B) The cells would switch to sucrose.
C) Glucose absorption would decrease.
D) Glucose absorption would not be affected.
E) Glucose absorption would be slow at first and then increase.

Question 27

If blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, the cells will

A) shrink due to water loss by the cell.
B) be unaffected since they have a cell membrane to separate them from the solution.
C) swell due to diffusion.
D) burst due to active transport.
E) shrink due to the loss of solutes from the blood cell.

Question 28

Which of the following methods of transport uses a coated pit to take in a specific type of molecule?

A) passive transport
B) receptor-mediated endocytosis
C) osmosis
D) exocytosis
E) facilitated diffusion

Question 29

Pickles are often preserved in a 20-30% salt solution called brine. How does this method prevent contamination by microorganisms?

A) Bacteria can't survive in a hypertonic solution because they lose water.
B) Bacteria can't survive in hypotonic solutions because of the added pressure of the water they take in.
C) Bacteria cells are unable to digest the salt, thus killing the cells by starvation.
D) The high-salt concentration increases the pH of the environment, making it unfavorable for bacteria to live there.
E) The high-salt concentration creates an isotonic environment that the bacteria cannot live in.

Question 30

When a potted houseplant is wilting, the addition of water quickly changes the look of the plant. This can be accounted for by which of the following statements?

A) The water creates a hypertonic environment causing the cells to lose water.
B) The water creates a hypotonic environment causing cells to lose water.
C) The water creates a hypertonic environment causing the cells to gain water.
D) The water creates a hypotonic environment causing the cells to gain water.
E) The water creates an isotonic environment that allows for the cells to neither gain nor lose water.

Question 31

During an osmosis experiment, you place some plant cells under the microscope. You notice the cells seem very swollen. What type of solution were the cells immersed in?

A) isotonic
B) ionic
C) hypotonic
D) hypertonic
E) salt

Question 32

If the concentration of the solute is the same in the cell as it is in the surrounding solution, the cell is in a(n) _________________environment.

A) isotonic.
B) hypertonic.
C) hypotonic.
D) osmotonic.
E) saturated.

Question 33

A tube with a membrane covering the bottom is placed in a beaker. The membrane allows water to flow through but not salt or glucose. If the tube contains an aqueous solution with4% salt and 20% glucose and the beaker contains an aqueous solution with 12% salt and 6% glucose, what would happen to the level of the water in the tube?

A) The level of the solution in the tube would rise because there are more dissolved solutes present in the beaker than in the tube.
B) The level of the solution in the tube would lower because the glucose and salt would move into the tube.
C) The level of the solution in the tube would rise because there are more dissolved solutes in the tube than the beaker.
D) The level of the solution would not change as the membrane prohibits any exchange between the tube and the beaker.
E) The level of solution in the tube would not change because the solute levels are equal on both sides.

Question 34

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. Which of the following processes could the cell use to obtain more calcium?

A) passive transport
B) diffusion
C) active transport
D) osmosis
E) pinocytosis

Question 35

Which of these words should be classified separately from the others?

A) osmosis
B) diffusion
C) passive transport
D) active transport
E) facilitated diffusion

Question 36

Which of the following is an example of simple diffusion?

A) Salting meat serves as a preservative.
B) Vegetables placed in fresh water firm up.
C) A sugar cube dissolves in coffee.
D) Strawberries placed in sugar become syrupy.
E) Eating salty popcorn makes people's lips dry.

Question 37

What is the biological risk of using salt on icy roads in parts of the country that have a cold winter season?

A) The salt has the risk of leeching into the ground and creating a hypertonic environment for plant cells.
B) Plant root cells will grow in excess to try to reach fresh water.
C) Plant cells will take on excess water from the melted ice and become turgid.
D) Salt is in limited supply in the ecosystem and this type of overuse will make it even more so.
E) The deer in these areas have the danger of consuming too much of it as they forage for food.

Question 38

A tube with a membrane covering the bottom is placed in a beaker. The membrane allows water to flow through but not salt or glucose. The tube contains an aqueous solution with4% salt and 20% glucose and the beaker contains an aqueous solution with 12% salt and 6% glucose. How could you describe the solution in the beaker compared to the solution in the tube?

A) The beaker solution is hypertonic to the tube solution.
B) The beaker solutionishypotonic to the tube solution.
C) The beaker and tube solutions are isotonic to each other.
D) The beaker solution issweeter than the tube solution.
E) The beaker contents and the tube contents will not change.

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of osmosis?

A) Glucose is transported from our blood stream across cell membranes and into the cytoplasm.
B) Sodium is pumped across a cell to increase its concentration on one side of the cell membrane.
C) The fragrance from a broken bottle of perfume travels throughout the department store.
D) A bacterium in the blood stream is engulfed by a white blood cell.
E) Cells in our kidneys reabsorb water to reduce the amount of water lost in our urine.

Question 40

Factors that may affect the passage of materials across cell membranes include

A) concentration.
B) size.
C) time.
D) charge.
E) all of the above answers.

Question 41

The changing of an enzyme's shape as the substrate binds to the active site is called the

A) substrate binding theory.
B) induced fit model.
C) metabolic pathway.
D) energy of activation.
E) enzyme binding theory.

Question 42

In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind?

A) to the first enzyme in the pathway
B) to the first substrate in the pathway
C) to the first product produced in the pathway
D) to the last enzyme of the pathway
E) to the last substrate in the pathway

Question 43

Enzymes are usually named based on the substrate that they bind. This is possible because

A) enzymes all have the same shape.
B) each type of enzyme binds only one specific substrate.
C) enzymes are used up in the reaction.
D) an enzyme is only associated with one metabolic pathway.
E) enzymes speed up the rate of a reaction.

Question 44

Where within the cell is the majority of ATP produced?

A) mitochondria
B) cytoplasm
C) nucleus
D) endoplasmic reticulum
E) Golgi body

Question 45

Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by

A) transferring electrons from one substance to another.
B) binding substrates to a membrane.
C) producing more enzymes.
D) lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed.
E) producing more substrates.

Question 46

Which of the following is a byproduct of photosynthesis that is used during cellular respiration?

A) oxygen
B) NADH
C) carbon dioxide
D) ATP
E) FADH ₂

Question 47

Once the substrate moves into the active site of the enzyme,

A) the enzyme breaks the substrate into three products.
B) the two molecules fuse together to form the product.
C) the enzyme alters in shape to more closely fit the substrate.
D) the substrate alters shape to more closely fit the active site.
E) the substrate and enzyme both alter shape to fit together.

Question 48

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics?

A) Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.
B) One usable form of energy cannot be completely converted into another usable form.
C) One usable form of energy can be completely converted into another usable form.
D) Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
E) Energy cannot be transformed.

Question 49

ATP is a good source of energy for a cell because

A) it is able to be used in only one type of reaction.
B) its breakdown is coupled with energy-requiring reactions.
C) it provides excess energy for cellular reactions.
D) it is not reusable.
E) it takes no energy to make it.

Question 50

Which of the following statements correctly describes an energy transformation in living organisms?

A) Chloroplasts convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules.
B) Mitochondria convert ATP molecules into glucose.
C) Chloroplasts produce CO ₂ and H ₂O during photosynthesis.
D) Mitochondria capture solar energy and convert it to oxygen.
E) Chloroplasts burn glucose into ATP molecules during cell respiration.

Question 51

Which energy association is correct?

A) Kinetic energy is energy of motion.
B) Water stored behind a dam is an example of kinetic energy.
C) Energy in the chemical bonds of a molecule is kinetic energy.
D) Potential energy must be used immediately or it is lost.
E) Light energy is a form of chemical energy.

Question 52

The second law of thermodynamics states that all energytransformations resultin an increase in entropy (disorder). If so, how does photosynthesis, which is an energy transformation, create order rather than disorder?

A) Plants do not obey the second law of thermodynamics.
B) Plants take highly ordered molecules like glucose and break them into smaller disordered molecules like carbon dioxide and water.
C) Plants do not have mitochondria like animals and therefore cannot create disorder.
D) The tree takes in small disordered molecules like carbon dioxide from the air and water from the earth and using solar energy produce highly ordered sugar molecules likeglucose.
E) Photosynthesis does not actually create order.

Question 53

Which form of passive transport allows small noncharged molecules, such as oxygen, to cross the cell membrane?

A) diffusion
B) osmosis
C) plasmolysis
D) phagocytosis
E) pinocytosis

Question 54

A patient who is admitted to the hospital shares that she has been taking "water pills" to help her lose weight. Her skin and mucous membranes are dry, and she is complaining of a headache. The physician asks for an IV treatment to be promptly administered. Based on the information given, what would likely be the type of IV solution given to this patient?

A) hypotonic
B) isotonic
C) osmotic
D) hypertonic
E) saturated

Question 55

Which of the areas shown in the figure below indicates the presence of an enzyme?

A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) Both a & d

Question 56

Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy?

A) the energy in a glucose molecule
B) the energy contained in a rock sitting at the top of a cliff
C) the skier traveling downhill
D) the energy contained in a hamburger
E) the energy of a diver standing on a diving board

Question 57

Both starch and cellulose are made by stringing together many glucose molecules, but starch is easily digested by humans, while cellulose is indigestible. The starch polysaccharide has every bond occurring below the sugar rings while the bonds in cellulose alternate between one bond above the ring and the next below the ring. How can you explain humans' inability to digest cellulose?

A) The enzyme that breaks down starch can only fit the specific bond configuration of bonds below the ring.
B) Humans do not eat cellulose.
C) The acidic molecules found in stomach acid cannot act on the bonds that are above the sugar rings in cellulose.
D) The alternating bonds make the cellulose molecule too large and bulky to enter cells for digestion.
E) Cellular respiration is only capable of breaking down specific bonds.

Question 58

Which statement most accurately describes the second law of thermodynamics?

A) Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy.
B) One usable form of energy can be completely converted into another usable form.
C) Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.
D) Energy can be created or destroyed.
E) Energy can be recycled within an ecosystem.

Question 59

Which of the types of cellular activities listed below can proceed without ATP energy?

A) active transport
B) muscular contraction
C) flagella movement
D) passive transport
E) protein synthesis

Question 60

Why do metabolic pathways require tens to hundreds of different enzymes?

A) The enzymes are used up after one reaction and the molecules have to undergo multiple rearrangements.
B) The enzyme is deformed by the interaction with the substrate and needs a period of time to return to its original reactive form, so many enzymes are needed to keep the pathway going.
C) Each enzyme has a specific substrate and produces a specific product.
D) Multiple enzymes are not required for the pathway, but having them speed up the production of the final product.
E) The enzymes are attached to a membrane and cannot move to the location of the new intermediate, so having a long line of enzymes to carry out the reaction allows the reaction to occur faster.

Question 61

Which of the following is a passive process?

A) diffusion
B) sodium/potassium pump
C) pinocytosis
D) phagocytosis
E) exocytosis