Deck 7: Electrical Signaling by Neurons

Question 1

A fracture in the cribriform plate can cause tearing of the olfactory fibers as they ascend to the olfactory bulb, thereby resulting in

A) Ipsilateral anosmia
B) Ipsilateral aphasia
C) Contralateral anosmia
D) Contralateral aphasia

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A 34-year-old cellist visits the otolaryngology clinic with the complaint of dizziness, decreased ability to hear in her right ear, and the inability to raise the right side of her mouth when smiling. Caloric irrigation of the right ear produces no response. Which of the following would most likely explain the deficits seen in this patient?

A) Large subdural hematoma over the right temporal lobe
B) Squamous cell carcinoma in the right middle ear
C) Acoustic neuroma in the right internal acoustic meatus
D) Large neuroma over the right cerebellar cortex

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A 52-year-old construction worker is brought to the emergency department with a 3-inch nail lodged in the posterior aspect of his skull after a coworker's nail gun misfired. Subsequent to awaking from surgery to remove the nail, the man indicates that he is unable to see objects in the left half of his visual field. Which of the following most likely represents the location damaged by the nail?

A) Optic chiasm
B) Left visual cortex
C) Right visual cortex
D) Postcentral gyrus
E) Angular gyrus

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A young mother brings her 4-year-old daughter to her pediatrician after noticing that her right eyelid is "droopy." Neurological examination reveals the absence of direct pupillary light reflex and downward abducted gaze in the right eye. These deficits are consistent with a lesion involving which of the following structures?

A) The right oculomotor nerve
B) The right abducens nerve
C) The right trochlear nucleus
D) The right lateral rectus muscle
E) The right medial rectus muscle

Question 5

A 37-year-old woman notices that she has difficulty swallowing and articulating her words shortly after receiving a cervical adjustment from her chiropractor. After gathering her things she stops at the receptionist's desk to pay her bill and complains that she is seeing double. The receptionist suggests that the woman sit down while she pours her a glass of water. The woman insists that she is fine and makes her way to the door. As she reaches the door she suddenly feels dizzy and extremely nauseous. Which of the following would most likely explain the symptoms experienced by this woman?

A) Damage to the anterior spinal artery
B) Damage to the basilar artery
C) Damage to the anterior inferior cerebellar artery
D) Damage to the vertebral artery
E) Damage to the internal carotid artery

Question 6

A 29-year-old woman is referred to a neurologist because of deviation of her left eye, which cannot be abducted on attempted gaze to the left. A magnetic resonance image reveals a tumor filling a cistern and compressing one of the cranial nerves. Which of the following is the most likely location of this tumor?

A) Quadrigeminal cistern
B) Prepontine cistern
C) Interpeduncular cistern
D) Ambient cistern
E) Cisterna magna

Question 7

A 12-year-old girl is having a physical examination prior to the beginning of the school year. When she is asked to stick out her tongue, the physician notices that her tongue deviates to the right. Which of the following represents the most likely location of the lesion in this patient?

A) Glossopharyngeal nerve root
B) Facial nerve root
C) Trigeminal motor nerve root
D) Abducens nerve root
E) Hypoglossal nerve root

Question 8

A 17-year-old boy is taken to the emergency department by his parents after he was hit with a hockey puck while attending a hockey game. The attending physician notes that the boy has a 4-cm laceration above his left eye, periorbital edema, and ecchymoses on the left upper eyelid. A magnetic resonance image reveals a supraorbital fracture to the left eye. Based on this information, which of the following was most likely injured in this patient?

A) Anterior ethmoidal nerve
B) Zygomaticotemporal nerve
C) Optic nerve
D) Middle superior alveolar nerve
E) Supraorbital nerve

Question 9

During the final game of the State Hockey Tournament a 17-year-old boy is struck across the neck with his opponent's hockey stick. Following the game the boy complains to the physical trainer of shoulder pain and weakness in forward elevation and abduction of his arm. Damage to which of the following would most likely explain these symptoms?

A) Facial nerve
B) Suprascapular nerve
C) Spinal accessory nerve
D) Dorsal scapular nerve
E) Vagus nerve