Deck 2: Development of the Nervous System

Question 1

Damage to the subthalamic nucleus would result in which of the following motor disturbances?

A) Choreiform
B) Hemiballismus
C) Bradykinesia
D) Hemiplegia
E) Athetoid

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A 48-year-old woman has a history of schizophreniform disorder that is controlled by daily administration of clozapine. After being transferred to a new facility, the woman is switched from clozapine to risperidone and subsequently develops frequent and forceful blinking of her eyelids. When the condition is exacerbated by light, the woman blinks her eyes nearly 40 times in one minute. An ophthalmological consultation was unremarkable for any eye pathology contributing to this presentation and the neurological examination did not reveal any other abnormal movements. Which of the following most specifically describes the motor symptoms experienced by this woman?

A) Intention tremor
B) Hypokinetic
C) Dystonia
D) Asterixis tremor
E) Hypertonia

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A magnetic resonance image of a patient with Wilson's disease would most likely reveal which of the following?

A) Brain sand
B) Cavitation in the lenticular nucleus
C) Aqueductal stenosis
D) Arteriovenous malformations
E) Hemorrhagic lesion

Answer 3

B

Question 4

An autopsy is performed at the request of the family after the death of an 89-year-old man. During sectioning of the brain, the substantia nigra is noted to have significant degeneration in the area of the pars compacta. This man most likely suffered from which of the following?

A) Foville's syndrome
B) Tourette's syndrome
C) Wilson's disease
D) Parkinson's disease
E) Huntington's disease

Question 5

A 12-year-old girl experiences acute onset of rapid, flowing, movements of her extremities and facial grimacing. Her parents report to the emergency physician that the girl had been diagnosed with rheumatic fever 3 months earlier and treated with antibiotics. This girl is most likely suffering from which of the following?

A) Parkinson's disease
B) Cerebellar degeneration
C) Sydenham's chorea
D) Wilson's disease

Question 6

Cortical projections that excite striatal cells participating in the direct pathway lead to inhibition of the

A) Globus pallidus internus and substantia nigra, pars reticulata
B) Globus pallidus internus and substantia nigra, pars compacta
C) Globus pallidus externus and substantia nigra, pars compacta
D) Globus pallidus externus and substantia nigra, pars reticulata

Question 7

Progressive loss of medium spiny neurons throughout the striatum is a pathophysiological characteristic of which of the following?

A) Hypertonia
B) Dystonia
C) Hemiballismus
D) Wilson's disease
E) Huntington's disease

Question 8

Which of the following most characteristically describes the tremor seen in patients with Wilson's disease?

A) Choreiform
B) Ballismus
C) Asterixis
D) Resting
E) Intention