Deck 11: Medical Math

Question 1

Safety alert -Describe two scenarios in which instructions given to patients using a 12-hourclock may be confusing and put patients at risk. Explain how instructions given using a 24-hourclock can prevent problems.

Answer 1

In the given case, two scenarios are given; one is 12 hours format of the clock and the other is 24 hours format of the clock. 12 hours format is confusing and it puts the patients at risk, whereas the 24 hours clock format is safe. 12 hours is a standard time and is called as the Greenwich Time.
It uses 1-12 hour format and is written with colons, letter and numbers for example, 1:00 A.M or 1:00 P.M, whereas, the 24 hours format is the military time.
The instructions, which are given to prevent problems, while using 24 hours clock are as follows:
1. It should be expressed in four digits and no colons are used to separate the hours and minutes.
2. Always 0 should be used to complete the four- digit number. For example, 1:00 P.M = 0100.
3. 24 hours clock time is also known as military time. It provides a clear concise record for recording the medical services.
4. The morning hours are started from 0100 to 1200 hours.
5. 1200 hours of noon can be added to the afternoon and nighttime hours. For example, to determine 3:00 P.M, 1200 and 0300 is added to make it the military timings that is, 1500 hours.

Question 2

Convert the following decimals to percentages:
a. 0.0033
b. 0.789
c. 1.001

Answer 2

Decimals are the fractions whose denominator are expressed as the power of ten and numerator is any whole number placed to the right of a decimal. It is any number with the base ten systems. The decimal point is used to separate the ones place from the tenths place. A percentage is a number or ratio, expressed as a fraction of 100. It is dimensionless and expressed as a sign %.
a.
There are 4-digits, right after the decimal points in 0.0033. So, the denominator will have 10000 when the decimal point is removed. Now, for converting it into percentage the fraction will be multiplied by 100. The conversion of 0.0033 into a percentage is given as follows:
Hence, the 0.0033 can be expressed in percentage as
.
b.
There are 3-digits, right after decimal points in 0.789. So, the denominator will have 1000 when the decimal point is removed. The conversion of 0.789 into a percentage is given as follows:
Hence, 0.789 can be expressed in percentage as
.
c.
There are 3 -digits, right after decimal points in 1.001. So, the denominator will have 1000 when the decimal point is removed. The conversion of 1.001 into a percentage is given as follows:
Hence, 1.001 can be expressed in percentage as
.

Question 3

Convert the following percentages to decimals:128.3%, 0.46%, and 32%.

Answer 3

Decimals are the fractions with denominator, are powers of ten and numerator is any whole number. It is any number with the base ten systems. The decimal point is used to separate the ones place from the tenths place.
Percentage is a number or ratio, expressed as a fraction of 100. It is a dimensionless number and has been written by this sign %. For converting percentages into decimals, the number is divided by 100.
The conversion of 128.3% into decimals is as follows:
So, 128.3% is equal to
.
The conversion of 0.46% into decimals is as follows:
So, 0.46% is equal to
.
The conversion of 32% into decimals is as follows:
So, 32% is equal to
.

Question 4

Convert the following percentages to decimals:
a. 45%
b. 23.5%
c. 0.45%

Question 5

Health care workers are expected to communicate effectively with co-workers, patients, and their families. In the United States, standard units of measure are common, and metric units of measure are less common. Patients or their families may be expected to measure their medicine and fluid intake and convert these measurements to metric units. It is essential to explain how to do this in terms a patient will understand. Write instructions to a 75-yearoldpatient explaining the difference between ounces and cubic centimeters. Your instructions must describe how to measure and calculate the patient's 24-hour fluid intake.

Question 6

For each of the following pairs of decimals, add and subtract the numbers:
a. 2.567, 1.382
b. 0.789, 0.294
c. 1.934, 0.536

Question 7

Medical Math -A mother gets a prescription for her child. The instructions say to give the child 15mL of antibiotic tid. The mother only has teaspoons at home and does not know how much medicine to give her child. Can you help her?

Question 8

What is a metric unit for each of the following measurements: length, distance, weight, and volume?

Question 9

Identify the characteristic that each of the following units is used to measure: m, mL, cm, kg, and cc.

Question 10

For a metric unit, what prefixes denote 100 units, 1000 units, 1 /10 unit, 1 /100unit, and 1 /1000 unit?

Question 11

Math Facts -Use filling prescriptions as the example for determining accurate measures. In a team of three, complete the following exercise. Fill four simulated prescriptions. Each prescription will require mathematical calculations.
Medication A is a liquid to be taken as 2 fl. oz., four times a day, until gone. The bottle has 96oz. How long will it last?
Give Medication B as 10mg/kg body weight, 2times per day for 10 days. The patient weighs 79lbs. Each pill cannot contain more than 200 mg. of Medication B. How many mg. per day would the patient require, and how many pills per day would that be? What would be the mg. dosage of each pill?
The patient requires 50 mg. of medication C every morning, via teaspoon. The medication solution contains 25 mg. /teaspoon. How many teaspoons must your patient take per day?
The patient requires 1.25 mg. of Medication D. Medication D comes in a solution of 5 mg. per 5 ml. How many ml of Medication D will the patient receive?
Teams report on their conclusions and their process for finding the answers.

Question 12

List four basic rules to follow when using the metric system.

Question 13

What do deci, centi, and milli measure?

Question 14

What is the relationship between ounces, cubic centimeters, and milliliters?

Question 15

Convert the following ounce measurements to mL: 4 oz, 10 oz, and 32 oz.

Question 16

Convert the following values as indicated:

Question 17

Convert the following kilograms to pounds: 1kg, 50 kg, and 75 kg?

Question 18

How do you change pounds to kilograms?

Question 19

What is the formula for changing pounds to kilograms?

Question 20

Describe the 24-hour clock.

Question 21

Describe the 24-hour time system.

Question 22

Why should you use the 24-hour clock to record time?

Question 23

Express the following time in military time numerically and verbally: 1:00 p.m.

Question 24

Express the following times numerically in military time: 11:00 a.m., 4:50p.m., and 11:45 p.m.

Question 25

A woman goes into labor at 1400. She waits two hours before she goes to the hospital. At what time does she arrive at the hospital?

Question 26

Express the following times verbally in military time: 3:20 a.m., noon, and 6:15 p.m.

Question 27

For each of the following pairs of numbers, add and subtract the numbers:
a. 178, 23
b. 56.78, 12.2
c. 56%, 34%

Question 28

Convert the following Greenwich times to 24-hour time: midnight,5:35 a.m., 8:56 p.m., and 9:34 p.m.

Question 29

Multiply and divide the following pair of numbers:

Question 30

Find the answer for each of the following:
a. 2 × 9


d. 45.67 × 3.45
e. 33% of 60

Question 31

What is Greenwich time?

Question 32

A new mother arrives for the baby's first well-baby checkup at 1:00 p.m. You know that she should be taken to an examination room within 5 minutes. Your employer uses military time. Explain how 1:05 p.m. is written in military time. You call the patient's name and ask her to follow you to the scales. You weigh the baby and find she weighs 3.84 kilograms. What will you tell the mother her baby's weight is in pounds and ounces?

Question 33

Find the answer to each of the following:
a. 56 ÷ 8

d. 23.43 ÷ 2.3
e. Identify the number for which 27 is 60% of the number.