Deck 4: The Greek World Expands 400-150 B.C.E

Question 1

Xenephon's book,the Anabasis,provided Alexander with information about the:

A) structures of Athenian government.
B) history of the Trojan War.
C) basics of Macedonian military strategy.
D) history and culture of Persia.
E) genealogy of the kings of Macedonia.

Answer 1

history and culture of Persia.

Question 2

Aristotle believed that:

A) the only true reality lies in unchanging ideals.
B) only matter exists, and so ideals are the creation of human minds.
C) ideals shape matter toward specific purposes.
D) the human mind cannot understand the order of the universe and so should concentrate only on human concerns.
E) only real phenomena can be investigated in order to understand the world in which we live.

Answer 2

only real phenomena can be investigated in order to understand the world in which we live.

Question 3

Philip II likely wanted to forge an alliance with Athens to gain access to its:

A) army.
B) navy.
C) treasury.
D) oracle.
E) armory.

Answer 3

navy.

Question 4

Why did not Sparta benefit more from its victory in the Peloponnesian War?

A) Sparta had no interest in an empire.
B) Persia quickly defeated Sparta.
C) Sparta alienated the other Greek cities by trying to dominate them.
D) Sparta was a land power with no navy.
E) Sparta was defeated the following year by Thebes.

Question 5

The ultimate aim of the military and political policies of Philip II was to:

A) conquer the southern Balkans.
B) dominate Athens.
C) conquer the world.
D) invade Persia.
E) create an Adriatic empire.

Question 6

Alexander the Great founded an empire that might be described as a:

A) political empire.
B) scientific empire.
C) hereditary empire.
D) military empire.
E) cultural empire.

Question 7

Alexander the Great is said to have taken two books with him on his conquest of Persia; one was Homer's Iliad and the other was:

A) Plato's Republic.
B) Aristotle's Politics.
C) Euclid's Elements.
D) Xenophon's Anabasis.
E) Heraclitus's The Fire Next Time.

Question 8

Macedonian military reforms under Philip II most closely resemble earlier such reforms undertaken by:

A) Thebes.
B) Sparta.
C) Athens.
D) Persia.
E) Egypt.

Question 9

In the fourth century B.C.E.,drama was no longer a viable means for social and political critique because:

A) it was no longer being written.
B) it was funded by individuals who censored material produced.
C) it was censored by the government at public festivals.
D) it was performed silently.
E) it was funded solely by the strategos.

Question 10

Social and political crises occurred in many Greek city-states during the fourth century B.C.E.due to:

A) Greek experimentation with different political systems.
B) constant warfare with Persia.
C) rising food prices, stagnant wages, and high unemployment.
D) religious warfare between Greek city-states.
E) increasing Roman dominance of the area.

Question 11

Aristotle argued that good conduct is rational conduct which consists in:

A) separating the mind from the body and its pursuits.
B) living a contemplative life in seclusion.
C) acting moderately in all things.
D) involving all people (men and women) in the political life of the polis.
E) respecting the will of each individual.

Question 12

In the fourth century B.C.E.,the Greeks of the poleis considered Macedonians to be:y

A) as Greek as they were.
B) excellent warriors.
C) weak and foreign.
D) the heirs to the Greek city-state.
E) skilled craftsmen.

Question 13

The Theban Sacred Band was:

A) an elite military unit composed entirely of male couples.
B) the priestly caste of Thebes.
C) a group of helots committed to overthrowing Sparta.
D) a religious orchestra active in early Greek drama.
E) the royal house of Thebes.

Question 14

As outlined in the Republic,Plato's ideal form of government is best described as a(n):

A) democracy.
B) republic.
C) aristocracy.
D) meritocracy.
E) tyranny.

Question 15

By the fourth century B.C.E.,Greek plays:

A) concentrated wholly on the subject of war.
B) concentrated solely on the subject of love.
C) had become increasingly satirical.
D) were full of political and social critiques.
E) had become milder and less political.

Question 16

Greek art in the fourth century began to experiment in:

A) portraiture.
B) landscapes.
C) dreamscapes.
D) marble.
E) impressionism.

Question 17

Whereas Plato conceived of politics as a means toward living the good life,Aristotle regarded politics as:

A) an end in itself.
B) irrelevant to the true purposes of human life.
C) a hindrance to contemplation, which is the true end of life.
D) an essential attribute of being human, in which both women and men should participate.
E) a dangerous pursuit for anyone in which to engage.

Question 18

Philip II of Macedon's early success had much to do with his:

A) early experiences in the Athenian Navy.
B) reorganization of the Macedonian Army.
C) understanding of the Persian phalanx formation.
D) single-minded desire to conquer Athens and subject it to one-man rule.
E) army being so very much larger than that of any of his enemies.

Question 19

One of Plato's philosophical concerns was:

A) to explain change.
B) the doctrine of ideas.
C) to establish a harmonious society.
D) the problem of evil.
E) political life in the context of free will.

Question 20

The fourth century B.C.E.in Greece witnessed a confused political terrain,with many attempting to discover a direction for the Greeks; among these was _________,who believed that the Greeks should invade and conquer Persia.

A) Xenophon
B) Thales
C) Pythagoras
D) Meno
E) Isocrates

Question 21

Alexander was aided in his rule of Egypt by:

A) being proclaimed as the "son of Ammon" by the sun god's oracle.
B) turning his attention toward Egypt only after conquering Persia.
C) his mother's family who were members of the Egyptian royal family.
D) a civil war in Egypt between the joint rulers, Cleopatra and Ptolemy.
E) the use of "Greek Fire," recently invented by Archimedes.

Question 22

Although historians believe that early accounts of Alexander's life by Plutarch and Arrian are reliable,they also find them problematic because they:

A) were written 400 years after Alexander lived.
B) were written by Greek historians who did not appreciate Alexander's genius.
C) were written by Alexander's enemies.
D) were based on Persian accounts of Alexander's feats.
E) only survive today in fragmentary form.

Question 23

The most important cultural center in the Hellenistic world was:

A) Memphis.
B) Jerusalem.
C) Constantinople.
D) Athens.
E) Alexandria.

Question 24

Alexander the Great is a difficult figure for historians to evaluate because:

A) so many legends grew up around him during his lifetime.
B) his military victories are so well known.
C) he died young and without a clear heir.
D) he did not actually accompany his armies on their far-flung campaigns.
E) nothing was written about him during his lifetime.

Question 25

Why did autocratic rulers in the Hellenistic world encourage manufacturing industries?

A) Manufacturing trade goods slowed the development of harbors, roads, and canals, thus preserving their power.
B) Manufacturing distracted local and foreign rivals from aggressive military campaigns.
C) Manufacturing increased international trade revenues and so the rulers' revenues in taxes.
D) Manufacturing brought in exotic goods that were previously unavailable in the ancient world.
E) Manufacturing trade goods increased the development of harbors, canals, and ship design.

Question 26

In Egypt,Alexander was:

A) welcomed as a liberator.
B) trapped with his army in the desert without water.
C) regarded as a fierce conqueror.
D) regarded as a tomb raider.
E) trapped with his fleet at the mouth of the Nile.

Question 27

Macedonian rule in Egypt was characterized by:

A) ethnic assimilation between Greeks and Egyptians.
B) social welfare policies designed to improve the lot of the poor.
C) commercial isolation.
D) a revival of ancient Egyptian traditions while engaging in the wider Hellenistic world.
E) ethnic cleansing by the Macedonians.

Question 28

The beginning of the end of Alexander's conquests was his inability to fully subdue territory in modern-day:

A) Iran.
B) Egypt.
C) Syria.
D) Afghanistan.
E) Palestine.

Question 29

The _________ taught that the only reason one should be good is to increase one's own happiness.

A) Epicureans
B) Stoics
C) Theban Sacred Band
D) Aristotelians
E) Neoplatonists

Question 30

Alexander insisted that Persian soldiers:

A) be killed.
B) have their right hands cut off.
C) fight for him in separate units.
D) train to fight alongside Macedonian and Greek warriors.
E) colonize the far reaches of his empire.

Question 31

Alexander's first military act was to:

A) invade Persia.
B) invade Egypt.
C) put down the revolts that had erupted when his father had died.
D) restore order to Athens after the mob had been protesting for a month.
E) kill his rivals.

Question 32

All of the male rulers of Macedonian Egypt took the name:

A) Antigonus.
B) Alexander.
C) Ptolemy.
D) Seleucus.
E) Ramses.

Question 33

Urbanization increased in the Hellenistic world because:

A) population declined.
B) autocratic rulers ordered that populations move to the cities to work in industry.
C) Greeks traveled far to found new cities and rural workers joined the new urban communities.
D) farms had been devastated by war and conquest.
E) people wanted the protection of living in walled cities.

Question 34

What similarity did Stoicism and Epicureanism share?

A) Concern for the welfare of the individual
B) The presumption of an orderly, purposeful universe
C) A tendency toward political disengagement
D) A belief in the transmigration of the psyche
E) An assumption that knowledge could be gleaned through sense perception

Question 35

To highlight their authority and status in the former Persian empire,Seleucid rulers:

A) spent most of their wealth on expensive building projects and capital improvements.
B) rejected Buddhist traditions and introduced Islamic reforms.
C) minted coins containing practical advice and realistic portraits.
D) used terms in proclamations reminiscent of earlier Mesopotamian rulers.
E) created a special secret police unit to enforce their edicts.

Question 36

Alexander was successful in conquering much of Persia because:

A) the Macedonian army was much larger than the Persian army.
B) Macedonians were more fierce warriors than the Persians.
C) he was a better military tactician than Darius III, emperor of Persia.
D) Darius III of Persia had underestimated the threat Alexander and his army posed.
E) Alexander engineered a stealth invasion so the Persians did not know they were coming.

Question 37

The Ptolemies of Egypt promoted themselves as heirs of Alexander by:

A) intermarrying with Alexander's family.
B) conquering Macedonia.
C) building an army on the model of Alexander's Great Army.
D) ensuring Alexander's body was buried in Egypt.
E) adopting the manners of the Persian court.

Question 38

Although he died in _________,Alexander was buried at _________.

A) Ecbatana; Aigai in Macedonia
B) Babylon; Aigai in Macedonia
C) Alexandria; Memphis in Egypt
D) Hydaspes; Alexandria in Egypt
E) Babylon; Memphis in Egypt

Question 39

The Aetolian and Achaean Leagues differed from previous Greek attempts at political organization between poleis because they:

A) represented a real political unification, with some centralization of government functions.
B) were military rather than true political alliances.
C) required their members to contribute taxation to a common fund.
D) included Macedonian cities.
E) were controlled by the Macedonian royal house.

Question 40

The _________ believed that the cosmos is an ordered whole in which all contradictions are resolved for ultimate good.

A) Epicureans
B) Stoics
C) Skeptics
D) Aristotelians
E) Neoplatonists

Question 41

The league that influenced Alexander Hamilton,John Jay,and James Madison as a role model of cooperation and unification was the Achaean League.

Question 42

Aristarchus of Samos was unusual among Hellenistic astronomers because he:

A) believed that the earth revolves around the sun.
B) believed that the sun revolves around the earth.
C) used a telescope to make astronomical observations.
D) worked in Alexandria rather than Athens.
E) believed that the moon revolves around the sun.

Question 43

The complex,busy,and cosmopolitan life of the Hellenistic world led to the popularization of:

A) lighthearted comedies.
B) dark tragedies.
C) historical novels.
D) pastoral verse.
E) pointed satires.

Question 44

Hellenistic sculpture influenced many later sculptors such as:

A) Henry Moore.
B) Rodin.
C) Joseph Beuys.
D) Nicola Pisano.
E) Barbara Hepworth.

Question 45

Aristotle argued that all members of Greek society ought to participate in democracy.

Question 46

The first individual to predict that one could reach Asia by sailing west was:

A) Aristarchus.
B) Herophilus.
C) Eratosthenes.
D) Euclid.
E) Ptolemy.

Question 47

In the fourth century,Persia interfered continually in the affairs of the Greek poleis.

Question 48

Hellenistic cosmopolitanism differed from Persian and Roman cosmopolitanism because it:

A) was a product of individualism, not autocracy.
B) did not depend on a shared, common language.
C) was cultural rather than linked directly to a particular imperial power.
D) was restricted to seaports along the Mediterranean coast.
E) was linked directly to the imperial power of the Alexandrian dynasty.

Question 49

In portraying the human body,Hellenistic sculptors favored:

A) nudes.
B) noble subjects that pleased their noble patrons.
C) simplicity and naturalism.
D) portraying the gods and goddesses.
E) awkward poses and exaggerated postures.

Question 50

In the Republic,Plato argues for a return to the democratic state.

Question 51

Galen supported the Hippocratic belief that health occurred when a _________.His work ensured that this theory influenced medical belief until the nineteenth century C.E.

A) Person had no diseases
B) Person had no pain
C) Person had no discernible injuries
D) Person's four humors were in balance
E) Person lived a life of moderation

Question 52

Alexander's successors in Egypt ruled their Macedonian subjects in the same way they ruled their Egyptian subjects,as pharaoh.

Question 53

Herophilus of Chalcedon was an innovative scholar in the ancient Hellenistic world who challenged Aristotle's teachings about:

A) the universe.
B) ethics.
C) the best form of government.
D) the body.
E) plant life.

Question 54

After defeating Darius's armies,Alexander moved his capital to the Persian city of Persepolis.

Question 55

Alexander instituted the ritual of proskynesis to allow his Persian subjects to more easily accept him as their new ruler.

Question 56

Philip's elite cavalry squad,the Companions,was made up of freed slaves who owed their freedom and position to Philip.

Question 57

Central to the Skeptical worldview is the idea that:

A) everything always turns out for the best in the end.
B) the universe is ultimately ordered for human beings.
C) one must suspend judgment concerning everything.
D) material pleasure is the only way to happiness.
E) the contemplative life removed from the world is the only way to achieve happiness.

Question 58

Socrates established an informal school of philosophy called the Academy.

Question 59

Cleopatra VII was the first Ptolemaic ruler to learn the Egyptian language.

Question 60

Religious belief in the Hellenistic world was:

A) uniform throughout the successor empires of Alexander.
B) varied and largely based on individual choice.
C) imposed on people by their kings or emperors.
D) absolute and unquestioning.
E) always polytheistic.

Question 61

According to Stoicism,evil does not exist.

Question 62

Compare and contrast the rule of Alexander's successors in Egypt,Seleucid Asia,and Antigonid Macedonia.

Question 63

What was the effect of the fourth-centuryB.C.E.crisis on art and literature?

Question 64

How much of Alexander's success did he owe to his father?

Question 65

Aristarchus of Samos's deduction that the earth circled the sun was refuted because it disagreed with the premise that humanity,and thus the earth,was the most important facet of the universe and must be at the center.

Question 66

In what ways were the Aetolian and Achaean Leagues a challenge to Antigonid rule?

Question 67

Mystery cults were popular mainly with the elite members of society.

Question 68

What factors accounted for the social and economic crises in the fourth centuryB.C.E.?

Question 69

What changes took place in Greek religion during the third and second centuriesB.C.E.?

Question 70

The decline of free civic life in the Hellenistic Age contributed to the decline in philosophical thinking.

Question 71

In what ways did Greek and Macedonian city building help create empires?

Question 72

What are the key differences between the Greece of the Hellenistic period and that of the Classical Era?

Question 73

In addition to discovering the law of specific gravity,Hippocrates is also credited for the principles of the lever,the screw,and the pulley.

Question 74

How did art and literature reflect the political and economic atmosphere of Hellenistic Greece?

Question 75

How did Skepticism,Epicureanism,and Stoicism differ?