Deck 17: International Finance

Question 1

The table above gives data for the nation of Syldavia. The sum of the current account balance, capital and financial account balance, and the reserve assets account balances of Syldavia is equal to

A) $10 billion.
B) -$10 billion.
C) zero.
D) $30 billion.
E) $40 billion.

Answer 1

zero.

Question 2

The reserve assets account is the record of

A) a nation's international trading, borrowing and lending.
B) exports of capital goods minus imports of capital goods.
C) changes in the government's holdings of foreign currency.
D) payments for imports, receipts for exports, net interest and net transfers.
E) foreign investment in the nation minus the nation's investment abroad.

Answer 2

changes in the government's holdings of foreign currency.

Question 3

When a German company purchases an Australian company for $20 million, in the balance of payments the value of that transaction is recorded in the

A) official purchases account.
B) capital and financial account.
C) purchases account.
D) investment account.
E) current account.

Answer 3

capital and financial account.

Question 4

The table above gives data for the nation of Syldavia. The current account has a

A) $40 billion deficit.
B) $30 billion deficit.
C) $40 billion surplus.
D) $50 billion deficit.
E) balance of $320 billion.

Question 5

When the Australian capital and financial account shows a positive balance, that is an indication of

A) foreigners investing more in Australia than Australia is investing abroad.
B) Australian industries becoming more competitive.
C) Australia acquiring more foreign reserves.
D) the value of Australian exports of capital goods exceeding the value of Australian imports of capital goods.
E) the value of all Australian exports exceeding the value of all Australian imports.

Question 6

Suppose BHP Billiton purchases a gold mine in Canada. This purchase is entered into which of the balance of payments accounts?

A) The trade account.
B) The current account.
C) The purchases account.
D) The reserve assets account.
E) The capital and financial account.

Question 7

Suppose that the Australian government acquires more foreign currency. How does this change affect the balance of payments accounts?

A) The capital and financial account is negative.
B) The reserve assets account balance is positive.
C) The capital and financial account is positive.
D) The balance of payments accounts sum to a positive number equal to the value of the additional foreign currency the government has obtained.
E) The reserve assets account balance is negative.

Question 8

Foreign investment in Australia and Australian investment abroad is recorded in the

A) investment account.
B) current account.
C) capital and financial account.
D) creditor/debtor account.
E) official settlements account.

Question 9

The table above gives data for the nation of Syldavia. The capital and financial account has a

A) $40 billion deficit.
B) $30 billion deficit.
C) $40 billion surplus.
D) $50 billion deficit.
E) balance of $380 billion.

Question 10

There are three balance of payments accounts. The sum of the balances on these three accounts will equal

A) the total amount of the nation's foreign borrowing.
B) zero.
C) the total amount of the nation's foreign lending.
D) the total amount of the nation's exports.
E) the total amount of the nation's imports.

Question 11

The trade between countries is recorded in accounts called the balance of

A) payments accounts.
B) Australian official trade accounts.
C) export and import accounts.
D) currency accounts.
E) international trade accounts.

Question 12

The reserve assets account contains data on

A) official government complaints between countries.
B) capital imports and exports.
C) officials' expenses.
D) official reserves.
E) trade complaints that are officially settled.

Question 13

If the current account balance has a $70 million deficit and there was no change in official reserves during that year, then we know that

A) the capital and financial account balance must have a $70 million surplus.
B) the capital account balance must have a $70 million deficit.
C) net transfers were -$70 million.
D) the balance of payments must register a $70 million surplus.
E) the official settlements account balance must have a $70 million surplus.

Question 14

Interest received from Australian holdings of foreign assets and interest paid to foreigners for Australian investment assets is recorded in the

A) official settlements account.
B) current account.
C) capital and financial account.
D) official reserves account.
E) official dollar account.

Question 15

The value of imports and exports is recorded in the

A) capital and financial account.
B) official settlements account.
C) official reserves account.
D) current account.
E) international trade account.

Question 16

The table above gives data for the nation of Syldavia. The reserve assets settlements account has a

A) $40 billion deficit.
B) $30 billion deficit.
C) $40 billion surplus.
D) zero balance.
E) balance of $380 billion.

Question 17

The capital and financial account is the record of

A) changes in the government's holdings of foreign currency.
B) foreign investment in the nation minus the nation's investment abroad.
C) a nation's international trading, borrowing and lending.
D) payments for imports, receipts for exports, net interest and net transfers.
E) the nation's imports and exports of capital goods.

Question 18

If the current account balance is negative, net interest is $100 billion and net transfers are -$100 billion, then

A) imports exceed exports.
B) the official settlements account must be negative.
C) real GDP exceeds potential GDP.
D) the official settlements account must be positive.
E) exports exceed imports.

Question 19

Which of the following is a balance of payments account?
i. The current account.
ii. The past account.
iii. The capital and financial account.

A) i only
B) ii only
C) iii only
D) i and iii
E) i, ii and iii

Question 20

When an Australian company makes a $200,000 donation to the International Red Cross to help the victims of an earthquake in India, the transaction is recorded in the

A) international help account.
B) capital and financial account.
C) official settlements account.
D) current account.
E) one-way donations account.

Question 21

A nation that currently has a surplus in its capital account is called a

A) net lender.
B) current account surplus nation.
C) debtor nation.
D) net borrower.
E) creditor nation.

Question 22

A country has imports of goods and services at $2,000 billion. The interest paid to the rest of the world is $500 billion. The interest received from the rest of the world is $400 billion. The decrease in official reserves is $10 billion. The government sector balance is $200 billion, saving is $1,800 billion, investment is $2,000 billion, and net transfers is zero. Using this information, what is the capital account balance?

A) -$10 billion
B) $10 billion
C) $90 billion
D) -$200 billion
E) -$90 billion

Question 23

A country reports exports minus imports of $300 billion, net interest income of $30 billion, net transfers of $50 billion, and no change in official reserves. The country is a

A) net borrower.
B) net asset.
C) net liability.
D) debtor nation.
E) net lender.

Question 24

When a currency depreciates, its value has

A) fallen against another currency.
B) been fixed against the value of another country.
C) remained constant against that of another currency.
D) fluctuated around a particular value.
E) risen against another currency.

Question 25

When a currency decreases in value relative to another currency, the currency has

A) decelerated.
B) appreciated.
C) depreciated.
D) declined.
E) accelerated.

Question 26

The government sector balance equals

A) net taxes minus government expenditures.
B) net taxes plus government expenditures.
C) saving plus investment.
D) saving minus investment.
E) government expenditures plus investment.

Question 27

If the U.S. dollar falls from 1.25 euros to 1.00 euro, then the U.S. dollar has ________ and the euro has ________.

A) depreciated; appreciated
B) shrunk; grown
C) appreciated; depreciated
D) depreciated; depreciated
E) appreciated; appreciated

Question 28

The current account balance equals

A) net exports + net transfers - net interest.
B) net exports + net transfers.
C) net exports - net transfers + net interest.
D) net exports + net transfers + net interest.
E) net exports - net transfers - net interest.

Question 29

The private sector balance is equal to savings ________ investment, and the government sector balance is equal to government expenditure ________ taxes. If there is a deficit in the private sector balance and a deficit in the government sector balance, then there must be a ________ in net exports.

A) plus; plus; surplus
B) minus; minus; surplus
C) plus; minus; surplus
D) minus; minus; deficit
E) plus; plus; deficit

Question 30

When a Chinese company purchases Australian iron ore, the Chinese company pays for it with

A) euros or yen.
B) Australian dollars.
C) gold.
D) Chinese goods and services.
E) Chinese yuan.

Question 31

A country has imports of goods and services of $2,000 billion. The interest paid to the rest of the world is $500 billion. The interest received from the rest of the world is $400 billion. The decrease in official reserves is $10 billion. The government sector balance is $200 billion, saving is $1,800 billion, investment is $2,000 billion, and net transfers is zero. What is the current account balance?

A) -$100 billion
B) -$200 billion
C) -$10 billion
D) $100 billion
E) $200 billion

Question 32

If the exchange rate changes from 0.70 euros per dollar to 0.80 euros per dollar, the euro has

A) appreciated against the dollar.
B) appreciated against the euro.
C) fallen inversely in value.
D) depreciated against the euro.
E) depreciated against the dollar.

Question 33

When Australia exports goods and services to Japan, there is an increase in the

A) demand for Australian dollars.
B) supply of Australian dollars.
C) Australian reserve assets account balance.
D) supply of Japanese yen.
E) Australian capital account balance.

Question 34

In 2014, an Australian dollar could be traded for 100 yen and in 2015 an Australian dollar could be traded for 90 yen. Between these two years, the dollar has become ________ valuable and so the dollar has ________.

A) less; depreciated against the yen
B) more; appreciated against the yen
C) more; depreciated against the yen
D) less; appreciated against the yen
E) more; appreciated against the dollar

Question 35

The private sector balance equals

A) net taxes plus government expenditures.
B) saving minus investment.
C) saving plus investment.
D) net taxes minus government expenditures.
E) investment minus saving.

Question 36

Between 1983/84 and 2017/18, Australia

A) had a current account surplus or deficit that was almost equal to $0 every year.
B) some years had a deficit and some years had a surplus that totalled a surplus of $2.5 trillion.
C) had a current account deficit almost every year.
D) some years had a deficit and some years had a surplus that netted out to $0.
E) had a current account surplus almost every year.

Question 37

Australia currently is

A) a creditor nation and has been since 1989.
B) neither a debtor nation nor a creditor nation.
C) a debtor nation and has been since the end of World War II in 1945.
D) a debtor nation and has been since 1989.
E) a creditor nation and has been since the end of World War II in 1945.

Question 38

During the last year, foreign investment in a country was $500 billion and the country's investment abroad was $600 billion. Which of the following statements is true?

A) The country has net lending of $100 billion.
B) The country has a current account deficit of $100 billion.
C) The country has a current account deficit of $1,100 billion.
D) The country has net borrowing of $100 billion.
E) The country has a capital and financial account deficit of $1,100 billion.

Question 39

The foreign exchange rate is defined as

A) the price at which one currency exchanges for another.
B) the rate or the speed with which the currencies of the worlds are traded.
C) equal to the amount of the current account deficit.
D) the volume of the world currencies traded.
E) equal to the amount of the capital account deficit.

Question 40

X = exports, M = imports, S = saving, I = investment, T = net taxes, and G = government expenditure. Which of the following formulas is correct?

A) X - M = S - I + T - G
B) X - M = S + I +T + G
C) X - M = S + I -T + G
D) X - M = S - I - T - G
E) X - M = S + I + T - G

Question 41

The figure above shows demand curves for Australian dollars in the foreign exchange market.
Based on the figure above, which of the following factors could lead the demand curve to shift leftward from D0 to D₂?

A) A rise in the expected future Australian exchange rate.
B) A fall in foreign interest rates.
C) A rise in the Australian exchange rate.
D) A rise in the Australian interest rate.
E) A fall in the Australian exchange rate.

Question 42

The figure above shows the supply curve of Australian dollars in the foreign exchange market.
If the exchange rate rises as shown by the arrow in the figure above, the price of imports coming into Australia will be ________, Australians will supply ________ dollars in order to get the foreign exchange to purchase ________ imported goods.

A) lower; fewer; fewer
B) higher; fewer; more
C) lower; more; more
D) lower; fewer; more
E) higher; more; more

Question 43

In the foreign exchange market, the demand for dollars increases and the demand curve shifts if the

A) Australian exchange rate falls.
B) Australian interest rate differential decreases.
C) Australian interest rate differential increases.
D) expected future exchange rate falls.
E) Australian exchange rate rises.

Question 44

If the exchange rate rises, the quantity of Australian dollars supplied

A) increases, and there is movement down along the supply curve.
B) does not change.
C) decreases, and there is movement down along the supply curve.
D) increases, and there is movement up along the supply curve of dollars.
E) increases with movement down along the supply curve.

Question 45

If the Australian interest rate differential decreases, then in the foreign exchange market the

A) quantity demanded of dollars increases.
B) demand for dollars decreases.
C) demand for dollars increases.
D) quantity demanded of dollars decreases.
E) supply of dollars decreases.

Question 46

Suppose interest rates in foreign countries increase relative to the Australian interest rate. As a result, there is ________ the demand curve for dollars.

A) a rightward shift of
B) a downward movement along
C) a leftward shift of
D) an upward movement along
E) neither a movement along nor a shift of

Question 47

On the foreign exchange market, an increase in a country's exchange rate

A) decreases the demand for its currency and shifts the demand curve rightward.
B) decreases the quantity demanded of its currency and leads to a movement up along the demand curve.
C) increases the quantity demanded of its currency and leads to a movement up along the demand curve.
D) decreases the demand for its currency and shifts the demand curve leftward.
E) increases the quantity demanded of its currency and leads to a movement down along the demand curve.

Question 48

The figure above shows demand curves for Australian dollars in the foreign exchange market.
Based on the figure above, which of the following factors could lead the demand curve to shift leftward from D0 to D₂?

A) A fall in the Australian exchange rate.
B) A rise in the Australian interest rate.
C) A rise in foreign interest rates.
D) A fall in the expected future Australian exchange rate.
E) A rise in the Australian exchange rate.

Question 49

The figure above shows supply curves of Australian dollars in the foreign exchange market.
Based on the figure above, which of the following factors could lead the supply curve to shift rightward from S₀ to S₂?

A) A fall in the Australian exchange rate.
B) A rise in the Australian exchange rate.
C) A fall in the Australian interest rate.
D) A rise in the expected future Australian exchange rate.
E) A fall in foreign interest rates.

Question 50

When the Australian interest rate differential ________, the demand for dollars ________ and the demand curve for dollars shifts rightward.

A) rises; decreases
B) falls; increases
C) rises; increases
D) rises; does not change
E) falls; decreases

Question 51

The figure above shows the demand curve for Australian dollars in the foreign exchange market.
Which of the following factors could lead to an upward movement along the demand curve as indicated by the arrow in the figure above?
i. An increase in the Australian interest rate.
ii. A decrease in the Australian interest rate.
iii. An increase in the expected future Australian exchange rate.

A) i and iii
B) i only
C) ii only
D) ii and iii
E) None of the factors listed could lead to the upward movement illustrated by the arrow.

Question 52

The figure above shows demand curves for Australian dollars in the foreign exchange market.
Based on the figure above, which of the following factors could lead the demand curve to shift rightward from D0 to D1?

A) A fall in the Australian exchange rate.
B) A fall in the expected future Australian exchange rate.
C) A rise in the Australian interest rate.
D) A rise in foreign interest rates.
E) A rise in the Australian exchange rate.

Question 53

The figure above shows the demand curve for Australian dollars in the foreign exchange market.
If the exchange rate rises as shown by the arrow in the figure above, the price of Australian exports to foreigners will be ________, and foreign nations will demand ________ dollars in order to buy ________ Australian exports.

A) higher; fewer; fewer
B) cheaper; fewer; fewer
C) cheaper; fewer; more
D) cheaper; more; more
E) higher; more; more

Question 54

If people expect the future exchange rate for dollars will be lower, then in the foreign exchange market the current

A) supply of dollars decreases.
B) demand for dollars increases.
C) demand for dollars decreases.
D) quantity demanded of dollars increases.
E) quantity demanded of dollars decreases.

Question 55

In the foreign exchange market, which of the following shifts the demand curve for dollars rightward?

A) The expected future exchange rate falls.
B) The current exchange rate falls.
C) The expected future exchange rate rises.
D) The current exchange rate rises.
E) None of the above answers is correct.

Question 56

If the expected future exchange rate decreases, then the supply of dollars ________ and the demand for dollars ________.

A) increases; decreases
B) decreases; increases
C) decreases; decreases
D) does not change; does not change
E) increases; increases

Question 57

The figure above shows supply curves of Australian dollars in the foreign exchange market.
Based on the figure above, which of the following factors could lead the supply curve to shift leftward from S₀ to S₁?

A) A rise in foreign interest rates.
B) A rise in the Australian exchange rate.
C) A fall in the Australian interest rate.
D) A rise in the expected future Australian exchange rate.
E) A fall in the Australian exchange rate.

Question 58

In the foreign exchange market, an increase in the supply of dollars could be the result of

A) an increase in the expected future exchange rate.
B) a decrease in the exchange rate.
C) a decrease in the Australian interest rate differential.
D) an increase in the exchange rate.
E) an increase in the Australian interest rate differential.

Question 59

Other things remaining the same, as Australian imports increase, the quantity of

A) Australian dollars supplied decreases.
B) foreign currency demanded decreases.
C) Australian dollars demanded increases.
D) foreign currency demanded increases.
E) foreign currency supplied increases.

Question 60

As the exchange rate ________, the quantity supplied of Australian dollars ________.

A) rises; remains the same because it is the supply of Australian dollars that increases so the supply curve shifts rightward
B) falls; remains the same because it is the supply of Australian dollars that decreases so the supply curve shifts leftward
C) falls; increases
D) rises; increases
E) rises; decreases

Question 61

The equilibrium exchange rate is 70 yen per Australian dollar. At this exchange rate, the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied and is $1.3 billion a day. If the exchange rate is now 80 yen per Australian dollar, then

A) there is a surplus of dollars and the exchange rate rises.
B) there is no change.
C) there is a shortage of dollars and the exchange rate falls.
D) there is a shortage of dollars and the exchange rate rises.
E) there is a surplus of dollars and the exchange rate falls.

Question 62

Exchange rate changes are

A) very volatile because supply and demand changes reinforce each other.
B) not very volatile because of government intervention.
C) very volatile because of government intervention in the market.
D) not very volatile because of offsetting changes in demand and supply.
E) infrequent because the exchange rate rarely changes.

Question 63

The exchange rate is volatile because

A) the demand curve and the supply curve are horizontal.
B) the demand curve is vertical.
C) when a relevant factor changes, demand and supply tend to change in the same direction.
D) the supply curve is vertical.
E) when a relevant factor changes, demand and supply tend to change in opposite directions.

Question 64

Suppose the Reserve Bank wants to keep the Australian dollar at 0.80 cents per U.S. dollar. If the demand for Australian dollars increases,

A) the Reserve Bank conducts persistent intervention on one side of the market.
B) the Reserve Bank sells Australian dollars to increase the supply of dollars and maintain the exchange rate.
C) the Reserve Bank sells Australian dollars to decrease the supply of dollars and maintain the exchange rate.
D) the Reserve Bank buys Australian dollars to increase the supply of dollars and maintain the exchange rate.
E) the Reserve Bank buys Australian dollars to decrease the supply of dollars and maintain the exchange rate.

Question 65

An increase in the Australian interest rate relative to other countries will lead to ________ in the supply of dollars and a ________ in the exchange rate.

A) a decrease; fall
B) a decrease; rise
C) an increase; fall
D) an increase; rise
E) no change; rise

Question 66

The figure above shows the Australian market for foreign exchange in 2001 and 2009.
Which of the following could have led to the shifts illustrated in the figure above?
i. The Australian exchange rate was expected to depreciate between 2001 and 2009.
ii. The Australian exchange rate was expected to appreciate between 2001 and 2009.
iii. The Australian interest rate rose relative to interest rates in other countries between 2001 and 2009.

A) i only
B) ii only
C) iii only
D) i and iii
E) ii and iii

Question 67

A situation in which money buys the same amount of goods and services in different currencies is called

A) exchange rate surplus.
B) exchange rate equilibrium.
C) purchasing power parity.
D) a fixed exchange rate.
E) exchange rate balance.

Question 68

Purchasing power parity determines the exchange rate in

A) the long run.
B) the short run.
C) the long run and the short run.
D) nations that do not allow their exchange rate to fluctuate.
E) theory only, but not in reality.

Question 69

When the Australian interest rate rises, the demand for Australian dollars ________ and the exchange rate ________.

A) increases; rises
B) does not change; rises
C) increases; falls
D) decreases; rises
E) decreases; falls

Question 70

Yesterday, the Australian dollar was trading in the foreign exchange market at 80 cents per U.S. dollar. Today, the Australian dollar is trading at 90 cents per U.S. dollar. The dollar has ________ and a possible reason for the change is ________ in the expected future exchange rate.

A) depreciated; an increase
B) appreciated; that there has been no change
C) appreciated; an increase
D) depreciated; a decrease
E) appreciated; a decrease

Question 71

If the interest rate on a bank deposit in Australia is 3 per cent while a similar deposit earns 6 per cent in Britain, then we could expect that deposits would flow to

A) Britain regardless of exchange rate expectations.
B) Britain if the pound is expected to depreciate more than 3 per cent.
C) Britain if the pound is expected to depreciate less than 3 per cent.
D) Australia regardless of exchange rate expectations.
E) Australia if the Australian dollar is expected to appreciate less than 3 per cent.

Question 72

Suppose that a currency's value is found to be overvalued by using purchasing power parity. Then

A) the currency will depreciate in the future but we don't know when.
B) we know when and how much the currency will depreciate.
C) the interest rate in the country will change in order to restore purchasing power parity.
D) the currency will appreciate in the future but we don't know when.
E) we know when and how much the currency will appreciate.

Question 73

If purchasing power parity exists and the exchange rate is 1.50 Australian dollars per British pound, then a latte that has a price of $4.00 in Sydney has a price of ________ in London, England.

A) 4.00 pounds
B) 2.67 pounds
C) 6.00 pounds
D) 8.00 pounds
E) 0.37 pounds

Question 74

The figure above shows the Australian market for foreign exchange in 2001 and 2009.
Which of the following could have led to the shifts illustrated in the figure above?
i. The Australian exchange rate was expected to depreciate between 2001 and 2009.
ii. The Australian exchange rate was expected to appreciate between 2001 and 2009.
iii. The Australian interest rate fell relative to interest rates in other countries between 2001 and 2009.

A) i only
B) ii only
C) iii only
D) i and iii
E) ii and iii