Deck 9: Development Across the Life Span

Question 1

Newborn babies will engage in the _____ reflex when their feet touch the ground.

A) sucking
B) stepping
C) grasping
D) rooting

Answer 1

stepping

Question 2

A(n) _____ is a common way of thinking among adolescents in which they believe themselves to be special or invulnerable.

A) invincibility fallacy
B) personal fable
C) life story
D) imaginary audience

Answer 2

personal fable

Question 3

_____ believed that social interaction was the primary force behind cognitive development.

A) Piaget
B) Vygotsky
C) Erikson
D) Harlow

Answer 3

Vygotsky

Question 4

_____ is the inability to understand a situation from a point of view other than the person's own.

A) Conservation
B) Object permanence
C) Egocentrism
D) Theory of mind

Question 5

Terri and Todd have opened their home to Todd's parents. Todd's parents need significant help with daily tasks as well as rides to doctor appointments. Terri and Todd are engaging in:

A) compassion outreach.
B) eldercare.
C) caretaking.
D) service outreach.

Question 6

_____ is a time when relationships with parents are often tense but not usually overwhelmingly difficult.

A) Young adulthood
B) Adolescence
C) Elementary school years
D) Emerging adulthood

Question 7

Regardless of when the adolescent years begin, decision making and _____ emerge.

A) independence
B) conflict
C) isolation
D) dependence

Question 8

Henrietta loves to visit with her grandchildren, especially when they want Henrietta to reminisce and tell stories from her past. This looking-back process is called:

A) story-telling.
B) life review.
C) powerful memories.
D) sharing the past.

Question 9

During the _____ stage of prenatal development, there is an exponential growth and the organism's internal organs begin to function more independently.

A) germinal
B) embryonic
C) conception
D) fetal

Question 10

According to Piaget, adolescents have entered the final stage of cognitive development. The _____ stage enables adolescents to think logically about tangible and abstract ideas.

A) formal operational
B) concrete operational
C) preoperational
D) sensorimotor

Question 11

Adam, who is 15 years old, wants to download an R-rated movie. When he asks his mom, she replies, "Sure, whatever it is, it's probably fine." This parenting style is MOST likely:

A) authoritarian.
B) permissive.
C) authoritative.
D) disorganized.

Question 12

When a full-term baby is born, typically _____ of their five senses are working well.

A) three
B) four
C) five
D) two

Question 13

Jacob's father told him that the most important friendship he has is with his brothers. All of the following are reasons why this is true, EXCEPT:

A) Sibling relationships are usually longer than any other friendships.
B) Sibling relationships provide a safe place to develop relationship skills.
C) Siblings are influential over you and help shape you.
D) Siblings will agree with your decisions and support you.

Question 14

During which prenatal stage does the spinal cord, brain, and heart begin to form?

A) fetal
B) embryonic
C) germinal
D) conception

Question 15

Jerimiah wanted to go away for college when he graduated high school, but decided to live at home for a few more years. He still relies on his parents for food, money, and guidance, yet he is making strides toward self-sufficiency. The developmental period that BEST describes Jerimiah would be:

A) adolescence.
B) young adulthood.
C) adulthood.
D) emerging adulthood.

Question 16

The _____ stage of cognitive development is when children can use language and other symbols for real objects but still cannot complete many mental operations.

A) sensorimotor
B) concrete operational
C) preoperational
D) formal operational

Question 17

Wesley has mastered subtraction with one-digit numbers. His teacher is encouraging him to try to subtract two-digit numbers. Subtracting two-digit numbers would MOST likely be in Wesley's:

A) theory of mind.
B) preoperational stage.
C) zone of proximal development.
D) scaffolding plan.

Question 18

Babies who appear to be the most stable and use their caregiver as a home base, MOST likely have a(n) _____ attachment bond with their caregiver.

A) secure
B) insecure-avoidant
C) insecure-resistant
D) disorganized

Question 19

_____ is the developmental stage that covers a lot of years and includes a lot of variety in development through those years.

A) Adulthood
B) Emerging adulthood
C) Adolescence
D) Youth

Question 20

Examples of secondary sex characteristics include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) facial hair growing in men.
B) hips widening in women.
C) height stabilizing.
D) underarm hair appearing.

Question 21

Cognitive ability is improving in adolescents because there are faster connections between neurons. This is largely due to:

A) pruning.
B) myelination.
C) memory.
D) disintegration.

Question 22

The _____ stage is when babies understand the world through sensory experiences.

A) formal operational
B) sensorimotor
C) concrete operational
D) preoperational

Question 23

Dr. Ponchi is studying the impact of an enriched environment or an impoverished environment on the development of the brains of rats. Which developmental research question is he MOST likely trying to address?

A) stability versus change
B) nature versus nurture
C) stage versus continuous
D) internal versus external

Question 24

Anabel has been having frequent hot flashes, fatigue, and irritability. Since Anabel is nearing 55 years of age, she decides to have her estrogen levels checked and believes she may be entering:

A) menarche.
B) premenopause.
C) perimenopause.
D) menopause.

Question 25

A _____ design is a research design in which people of different ages are compared to each other at the same point in time.

A) correlational
B) cross-sequential
C) longitudinal
D) cross-sectional

Question 26

Most moral decisions that Gwen makes are based on ethical principles surrounding justice, dignity, and equality. Gwen is MOST likely in the _____ level of morality.

A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) postconventional
D) formal operational

Question 27

When developmental psychologists study whether we develop suddenly or gradually, they are MOST likely attempting to answer which research question?

A) stability versus change
B) nature versus nurture
C) stage development versus continuous development
D) internal versus external

Question 28

In Erikson's psychosocial theory of development, each of the eight stages is characterized by a(n):

A) stage.
B) crisis.
C) unknown.
D) step.

Question 29

The prenatal human organism from approximately 2 weeks to approximately 2 months after conception is called a(n):

A) embryo.
B) zygote.
C) fetus.
D) ovum.

Question 30

A period of time during which a particular developmental task is especially likely to be influenced by outside events is known as a(n) _____ period.

A) sensitive
B) critical
C) delicate
D) influential

Question 31

The teratogen that is studied and researched most often is:

A) alcohol.
B) nicotine.
C) cocaine.
D) mercury.

Question 32

Research suggests that _____ and _____ are influential in determining a temperament type.

A) intelligence; parenting
B) reactivity; self-regulation
C) parenting; self-regulation
D) reactivity; personality

Question 33

Teratogens can enter a woman's body through many forms, EXCEPT:

A) drugs.
B) environmental pollution.
C) viruses.
D) prenatal vitamins.

Question 34

_____ is the control one has over his or her own moods and behaviors.

A) Self-regulation
B) Temperament
C) Attachment
D) Reactivity

Question 35

_____ morality is a moral decision-making strategy driven by the desire to follow society's norms and laws.

A) Preconventional
B) Conventional
C) Postconventional
D) Preoperational

Question 36

A(n) _____ is a prenatal human organism from about 2 months after conception to birth.

A) embryo
B) zygote
C) fetus
D) ovum

Question 37

During _____ adulthood, the functioning of our brains and bodies gradually declines. We may develop age spots, wrinkles, and lose some height.

A) emerging
B) young
C) middle
D) older

Question 38

Which is NOT an indication that a child has reached the preoperational stage of development?

A) exploring the world around them using their hands and mouth
B) engaging in pretend play and assigning fictional roles to playmates
C) using an object in a manner other than that for which it is intended
D) understanding and reacting to the feelings and intentions of other people

Question 39

Iris is 78 years old and she is becoming increasingly unable to care for herself. She forgets her grandchildren's names and constantly forgets words that she wants to say. Iris will MOST likely be diagnosed with:

A) major depressive disorder.
B) Parkinson's disease.
C) Alzheimer's disease.
D) osteoporosis.

Question 40

Starting in adolescence, girls show an increase in _____ symptoms of psychological disorders, while boys show an increase in _____ symptoms of psychological disorders.

A) healthy; unhealthy
B) externalizing; internalizing
C) unhealthy; healthy
D) internalizing; externalizing

Question 41

Dr. Piccola is studying the changes in cognition, interpersonal communication, emotion, and stress levels among elderly individuals. Given the different domains he is focusing on, Dr. Piccola is MOST likely a(n) _____ psychologist.

A) social
B) physiological
C) evolutionary
D) developmental

Question 42

James, who is 14 years old, spends a great deal of time training and competing in sports. When someone asks him how things are going, he always talks about his life in terms of sports. James sees himself as an athlete, and he seems to have a stable sense of:

A) self-efficacy.
B) self-esteem.
C) identity.
D) self-confidence.

Question 43

Dr. Moritz sought to assess whether children's ability to control aggressive impulses when told to stop doing something they enjoyed changed with age. He asked parents of 2-year-olds, 4-year-olds, and 8-year-olds to bring the children to her laboratory, where they were allowed to play with toys until a teacher told them to stop. The researcher then compared the amount of aggressive behavior exhibited by children of the three different ages. This is an example of a(n):

A) naturalistic observation.
B) cross-sectional research design.
C) experimental research design.
D) longitudinal research design.

Question 44

Eliza, who is 3 years old, is singing her favorite song into her "microphone," which is really her hairbrush. Eliza is MOST likely in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

A) sensorimotor
B) concrete operational
C) formal operational
D) preoperational

Question 45

Stephanie has noticed that her 13-year-old niece's breasts are getting larger and her hips are widening. Stephanie assumes her niece is MOST likely going through:

A) puberty.
B) menopause.
C) infancy.
D) perimenopause.

Question 46

Newborn babies will engage in the _____ reflex when a nipple or a pacifier is placed in the baby's mouth.

A) rooting
B) grasping
C) righting
D) sucking

Question 47

Which is NOT one of developmental psychology's three big questions?

A) nature versus nurture
B) stage versus continuous
C) stability versus change
D) continuous versus discontinuous

Question 48

When children acquire the ability to think logically about tangible things, they have entered the _____ stage of cognitive development.

A) preoperational
B) formal operational
C) concrete operational
D) sensorimotor

Question 49

All of the following are true statements about the personal fable EXCEPT:

A) Adolescent will think they are the heroes in a fairy tale that only has a happy ending.
B) The personal fable increases the possibility of adolescents engaging in high-risk behaviors.
C) The personal fable helps adolescents to make thoughtful decisions.
D) The personal fable tells adolescents that they are special and invulnerable.

Question 50

Hope is the virtue that is achieved during which stage of Erikson's psychosocial theory of development?

A) autonomy versus shame and doubt
B) industry versus inferiority
C) trust versus mistrust
D) identity versus role confusion

Question 51

The changes in the way children think about and understand the world around them is known as _____ development.

A) motor
B) cognitive
C) brain
D) thinking

Question 52

A close emotional bond between a young child and a caregiver is called:

A) conservation.
B) attachment.
C) temperament.
D) synchrony.

Question 53

When we move beyond middle adulthood and into older adulthood, we enter the _____ stage of psychosocial development.

A) intimacy versus isolation
B) identity versus role confusion
C) generativity versus stagnation
D) integrity versus despair

Question 54

A _____ is any substance that can harm the embryo or fetus during development.

A) syndrome
B) contaminate
C) pollutant
D) teratogen

Question 55

Most moral decisions that Jacob makes are focused on ensuring that others will approve, and that his decisions are in line with cultural expectations. Jacob is MOST likely in the _____ level of morality.

A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) postconventional
D) formal operational

Question 56

The understanding of the thoughts, feelings, intentions, and other mental activities of oneself and others is known as:

A) theory of mind.
B) conservation.
C) egocentrism.
D) object permanence.

Question 57

John has noticed that his 13-year-old nephew's voice is getting deeper and he is beginning to develop facial hair. John assumes his nephew is going through puberty because of the presence of these _____ sex characteristics.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) multiple

Question 58

Stephanie has noticed that her 13-year-old niece's breasts are getting larger and her hips are widening. Stephanie assumes her niece is MOST likely going through puberty because of the presence of these _____ sex characteristics.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) multiple

Question 59

All of the following are true statements about adolescence EXCEPT:

A) The period of adolescence has no official beginning or end time.
B) The cognitive and psychosocial changes are less obvious than the physical changes.
C) Some girls may show signs of puberty while still in elementary school.
D) Once a person reaches the twenties, that person will definitely be through with puberty.

Question 60

_____ is a person's stable sense of who he or she is.

A) Self-efficacy
B) Identity
C) Identification
D) Self-esteem

Question 61

In most cultures around the world, young male children prefer to play with:

A) dolls.
B) toy trucks.
C) puzzles.
D) video games.

Question 62

George has decided that he likes rap music and also decides to try out for the basketball team. He has also become much more independent and talks much less than he used to. George is MOST likely in the _____ stage of development.

A) emerging adult
B) adolescent
C) young adult
D) preteen

Question 63

When adolescents go through identity versus role confusion, the fundamental question they are trying to answer is:

A) Can I be in a relationship?
B) Can I determine who I am?
C) Can I keep up with my peers?
D) Can I contribute something valuable?

Question 64

The parts of the body that characterize sexual maturation but are not directly involved in reproduction are called _____ sex characteristics.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) multiple

Question 65

The focus of developmental psychology has changed drastically in recent decades, because:

A) children are now the primary focus.
B) older adults are now the primary focus.
C) adults are now studied as much as children are.
D) children now have fewer developmental issues.

Question 66

When researchers study whether development is due to an inborn blueprint or the environment, they are attempting to answer a research question concerning:

A) stage development versus continuous development.
B) stability versus change.
C) continuous versus discontinuous.
D) nature versus nurture.

Question 67

According to the common five-stage sequence of the awareness of dying, when a person says "No, that doctor is wrong. I want a second opinion," that person is MOST likely in which stage?

A) bargaining
B) acceptance
C) anger
D) denial

Question 68

_____ morality is a moral decision-making strategy driven by fundamental rights and ethical principles.

A) Preconventional
B) Conventional
C) Postconventional
D) Preoperational

Question 69

All of the following are examples of externalizing symptoms of psychological disorders, EXCEPT:

A) fighting.
B) hyperactivity.
C) destruction of property.
D) crying.

Question 70

_____ is a mental operation in which an amount or quantity remains the same regardless of the shape it takes.

A) Object permanence
B) Conservation
C) Egocentrism
D) Reversibility

Question 71

All of the following are risk factors for divorce, EXCEPT:

A) psychological problems.
B) unfair division of household labor.
C) promotion at work with increased income.
D) divorced parents.

Question 72

Gaby wants to stay out past her curfew on Saturday night, but she knows that if she asks, she will have to go home even earlier than her curfew, just for asking. Her parents are MOST likely _____ parents.

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) permissive
D) neglectful

Question 73

Reginald asks his mother if he can go over to his friend's house for a few hours. His mother agrees and reminds Reginald to be home by 6 P.M. for dinner. Reginald later asks if he can stay until 7 P.M. because they will need the extra time to finish a school project. His mother lets him, but reminds him that 7 P.M. is the latest he can stay. This parenting style is BEST described as:

A) authoritative.
B) authoritarian.
C) permissive.
D) neglectful.

Question 74

Erikson believed that success at the young adult stage depended heavily on success at the _____ stage.

A) adolescent
B) preschool
C) elementary school
D) infancy

Question 75

All of the following are major differences between friendships in the adolescent years and friendships in childhood, EXCEPT that in adolescent friendships:

A) much of the time is spent unsupervised.
B) there tend to be larger groups of friends than in childhood.
C) there is a lot of rough-and-tumble play.
D) boys and girls will now hang out together.

Question 76

Which one of the developmental stages extends further today than it ever has in the past?

A) childhood
B) emerging adulthood
C) middle adulthood
D) older adulthood

Question 77

Explaining how teenagers go through the many changes of puberty is BEST described as _____ development.

A) stage
B) continuous
C) slow
D) external

Question 78

In math, when a child understands that certain pairs of mathematical calculations (like addition and subtraction) are opposites, the child has mastered:

A) object permanence.
B) reversibility.
C) egocentrism.
D) theory of mind.

Question 79

Bart was born two months ago. These first few months of life represent a _____ period during which attachment to his caregivers will develop.

A) secure
B) delicate
C) subtle
D) critical

Question 80

_____ morality is a moral decision-making strategy driven by potential rewards and punishments of the decision.

A) Preconventional
B) Conventional
C) Postconventional
D) Preoperational