Deck 14: Europe in the Atlantic World 1550-1660

Question 1

William of Orange fought during the religious wars to free the Netherlands from:

A) Anabaptist rule under the Mennonites.
B) Protestant rule under the Spanish.
C) Protestant rule under the English.
D) Catholic rule under the Spanish.
E) Catholic rule under the Germans.

Answer 1

Catholic rule under the Spanish.

Question 2

The Dutch West India Company dominated the _________ trade after 1621.

A) spice
B) sugar
C) tobacco
D) slave
E) cod

Answer 2

slave

Question 3

During the first half of the sixteenth century,northern Europe's leading commercial and financial center was:

A) Paris.
B) London.
C) Amsterdam.
D) Antwerp.
E) Vienna.

Answer 3

Antwerp.

Question 4

Most French Protestants were:

A) Calvinists.
B) Lutherans.
C) Zwinglians.
D) Anabaptists.
E) Presbyterians.

Question 5

While many diseases traveled from Europe to the New World,_________ appears to have been introduced to Europe from the Americas.

A) measles
B) typhoid
C) the common cold
D) syphilis
E) gonorrhea

Question 6

The primary problem caused by the Price Revolution of the late sixteenth century was:

A) depression.
B) recession.
C) stagflation.
D) inflation.
E) prosperity.

Question 7

European monarchs were forced to raise taxes precipitously in the sixteenth century because taxes collected in an inflationary period yielded less actual wealth and because:

A) the cost of waging war was becoming increasingly expensive.
B) the building programs of European monarchs in this period were notoriously expensive.
C) monarchs were giving regular subsidies to colonies in the New World.
D) major infrastructure renewal was occurring across Europe, especially the rebuilding of old Roman roads.
E) the cost of maintaining a professional bureaucracy rose substantially in this period.

Question 8

The Dutch revolt was sparked by:

A) violence erupting between Catholic and Protestant factions in the Netherlands.
B) an influx of Huguenot refugees from France.
C) food prices rising exponentially.
D) independent Dutch cities annexing territory from the countryside.
E) Philip II attempting to tighten his control of the Dutch cities.

Question 9

All of the following were forms used to resist slave owners in the sixteenth century EXCEPT:

A) revolts.
B) underground railroads.
C) suicides.
D) infanticides.
E) escapes.

Question 10

The Edict of Nantes:

A) guaranteed religious and political freedoms to Protestants throughout France.
B) recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France but allowed Protestants certain rights.
C) recognized Protestantism as the official religion of France but allowed Catholics certain rights.
D) banned all Huguenots from universities.
E) allowed Catholics admission to all professions and universities.

Question 11

Much of the wealth derived from colonies in the Americas came from:

A) sugar.
B) cotton.
C) gold.
D) furs.
E) tobacco.

Question 12

Which groups in European society benefited most from the Price Revolution?

A) Wage laborers
B) Peasants
C) Manufacturers
D) Entrepreneurs, merchants, and large farmers
E) Aristocracy

Question 13

The driving cause of the inflation experienced in Europe during the last half of the sixteenth century was:

A) a stable food supply and growing population.
B) a growing food supply and decreasing population.
C) rising wages.
D) an influx of gold on the Spanish market.
E) an influx of silver on the Spanish market.

Question 14

On a typical merchant run along the "triangle trade" route,a British ship would sail from England with manufactured goods,trade the goods for slaves in Africa,and then:

A) return to Europe to sell the slaves to farm or factory owners.
B) trade the slaves for rum in New England.
C) trade the slaves for tobacco in Virginia.
D) trade the slaves for cotton in Brazil.
E) trade the slaves for cotton in the southern British colonies.

Question 15

To broker a truce between Catholic and Protestant factions in France during the sixteenth century,the French royal family:

A) promised that Protestants would be able to openly practice their faith.
B) declared the south of France autonomous Protestant territory.
C) invited Protestants to join New World colonies.
D) arranged a marriage between a powerful Protestant prince and the Catholic daughter of the reigning king of France.
E) massacred the elite of Protestant Society on St. Bartholomew's Day 1572.

Question 16

The population of early North American colonies grew because:

A) European governments offered free land to new colonists.
B) settlers in the colonies bought slaves in large numbers.
C) groups of indigenous people occasionally chose to join the colonies.
D) settlers in North American colonies tended to have very large families.
E) indentured servants came over in large numbers to work in the colonies.

Question 17

The extraordinary movement of peoples,plants,animals,goods,cultures,and diseases in the sixteenth century is called the:

A) American Exchange.
B) Columbian Exchange.
C) Cartesian Exchange.
D) New World Interchange.
E) Eco-Diversity Movement.

Question 18

Social relations in the Spanish colonies of Central and South America were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

A) frequent intermarriage with native people.
B) a complex system of racial and class categories.
C) the uprooting and resettlement of large numbers of native people.
D) cultural assimilation between the Spanish colonists and the native population.
E) forcing large numbers of the native population to work the land as serfs.

Question 19

The truce between Catholics and Protestants brokered by the marriage of Henry of Navarre into the French royal family was broken because:

A) the marriage never took place.
B) violence broke out between the religious factions within a year of the marriage.
C) there was an organized slaughter of Protestant aristocratic wedding guests on the morning of the wedding.
D) Henry III of France invaded Navarre hoping to annex the territory to France.
E) the pope declared the marriage invalid.

Question 20

While more than 7 million slaves were taken from Africa to the Americas,the number of European colonists who came to the Americas before 1700 was approximately:

A) 800,000.
B) 1,000,000.
C) 1,500,000.
D) 2,000,000.
E) 2,500,000.

Question 21

Charles I's death sent shockwaves through Europe because:

A) he was killed by Cromwell in a particularly brutal way.
B) he was assassinated after he had surrendered to the parliamentary army.
C) it was the first time a reigning king had been legally tried and executed for treason by his subjects.
D) it was the first time a reigning king had been killed by his subjects.
E) he was killed by his own forces.

Question 22

Jean Bodin's Six Books of the Commonwealth was the first fully developed statement of:

A) republicanism.
B) absolutist sovereignty.
C) divine right of kings.
D) religious toleration.
E) theocratic government.

Question 23

The agreement by which Charles II became king of England:

A) weakened the power of Parliament.
B) strengthened the power of Parliament.
C) strengthened Puritan influence in England.
D) strengthened Presbyterian influence in England.
E) strengthened Catholic influence in England.

Question 24

Oliver Cromwell rose to power in England as:

A) a well-known Puritan preacher.
B) the parliamentary leader of the opposition to King Charles I.
C) the leader of a Presbyterian alliance between the Scots and the English.
D) the commander of the parliamentary army.
E) the king's military commander against the parliamentary forces.

Question 25

To promote the economic development of France,Henry IV did all of the following EXCEPT:

A) improve the transportation system.
B) finance exploratory expeditions to the New World.
C) build factories and encourage new industries.
D) open up new silver mines within France.
E) support the growth of the textile industry in France.

Question 26

Alliances in the latter half of the Thirty Years' War were largely based on:

A) religious identity.
B) familial and dynastic connections.
C) current political needs.
D) economic considerations.
E) ethnic and linguistic identities.

Question 27

The confusion caused by the discovery and European colonization in the New World was expressed in Europe by all of these EXCEPT:

A) the witch craze.
B) the production of plays that raised questions about relative morality like Shakespeare's The Tempest.
C) the increasing prevalence of the idea that no political or religious system was flawless.
D) a Europe-wide movement of rebels who refused to recognize any state authority.
E) increasing exploration of political theories of absolutism.

Question 28

Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate was a:

A) autocracy.
B) democracy.
C) monarchy.
D) plutocracy.
E) meritocracy.

Question 29

What forced Charles I to summon a new parliament,after he had ruled without one for 11 years?

A) An invasion force from Scotland
B) A shortage of tax funds, which made ruling difficult
C) A peasant revolt that demanded the reinstatement of Parliament
D) Parliament's renewed interest in fighting the Scots
E) An Irish rebellion

Question 30

A primary theme of artistic production between 1550 and 1650 was:

A) the constant presence of death.
B) doubt about traditional religious practices and beliefs.
C) hope for a new era of peace and stability.
D) excitement about the new possibilities afforded by colonizing the Atlantic world.
E) the uncertainty and unrest of early colonization abroad and unrest at home.

Question 31

The primary goal of Cardinal Richelieu's government was to:

A) increase and centralize royal power over France.
B) expand French colonies in North America.
C) extend Catholicism into Protestant territories inside and outside France.
D) raise living standards for the French people, so as to provide "a chicken in every pot" on Sundays.
E) make France a universally Catholic country once again.

Question 32

England challenged Spanish supremacy in the Atlantic by:

A) attacking Spanish cities in the New World.
B) attacking Spanish ships that were sailing from their colonies to Spain.
C) attacking Spanish coastal cities.
D) waging large naval battles against the Spanish armada.
E) founding rival colonies close to Spanish territory in the New World.

Question 33

The English Civil War affected English colonies in the New World by:

A) taxing them heavily to support the parliamentary army.
B) increasing their populations dramatically with English refugees from the Civil War.
C) allowing them a large degree of independence.
D) bankrupting them because the Civil War disrupted the transportation of goods between the colonies and England.
E) taxing them heavily to support the royal army.

Question 34

In response to Charles I's arrest of parliamentary leaders,the English Parliament:

A) refused to meet to agree to let Charles raises taxes.
B) voted to raise taxes to muster an army for itself.
C) met, but refused to pass legislation that allowed Charles to raise taxes.
D) was dissolved.
E) withdrew to Scotland.

Question 35

From an international perspective,the Peace of Westphalia (1648)marked the:

A) emergence of Germany as a European "great power."
B) emergence of France as the dominant power in Europe, eclipsing Spain.
C) end of Habsburg influence in central Europe.
D) emergence of Germany as a Protestant country.
E) emergence of Austria as the dominant power in Europe, eclipsing France.

Question 36

To finance investment in colonial enterprises,the Dutch pioneered:

A) joint-stock companies.
B) credit banking.
C) investors' insurance.
D) royal monopolies.
E) antitrust laws.

Question 37

The Thirty Years' War began when:

A) a Protestant German prince attempted to claim the Spanish throne.
B) France, a Catholic country, went to war against the Protestant princes of Germany.
C) Sweden, a Protestant country, went to war against the Catholic princes of Germany.
D) a Catholic prince became the ruler of a Protestant territory.
E) a Protestant prince became the ruler of a Catholic territory.

Question 38

The Fronde was a:

A) peasant rebellion prompted by a series of bad harvests between 1648 and 1653.
B) series of Protestant revolts against the French government.
C) series of aristocratic and popular revolts against the French government.
D) rebellion by people in the south of France against centralizing royal authority.
E) peasant rebellion against Louis XII.

Question 39

The Irish Rebellion of 1565 was supported by:

A) France.
B) Austria-Hungary.
C) Spain.
D) Scotland.
E) the Netherlands.

Question 40

All of the following led to tensions in England during the reign of James I EXCEPT:

A) hostilities between the component parts of a composite kingdom.
B) religious hostilities between different kinds of Protestants.
C) the deep debt of the royal government.
D) a fiscal system increasingly ineffective at keeping up with the cost of government.
E) a highly centralized monarchy and a disaffected aristocracy with no power.

Question 41

The slave trade was a venture carried forward by a few unscrupulous men.

Question 42

Many agricultural commodities moved successfully from one ecosystem to another in the early modern Columbian exchange.

Question 43

As a result of the actions of its king during the Thirty Years' War,Sweden became one of Europe's great powers.

Question 44

The "price revolution" was driven by a huge influx of silver from the New World and a declining population in Europe.

Question 45

The Petition of Right declared all taxes imposed by the king legal and binding.

Question 46

Encomiendas were large tracts of land entrusted to elite of Spanish descent in the colonies of New Spain.

Question 47

The sixteenth-century writer who portrayed lower-class people positively was:

A) Ben Jonson.
B) Christopher Marlowe.
C) John Milton.
D) William Shakespeare.
E) Miguel de Cervantes.

Question 48

During the English Civil War,the parliamentary forces consisted mainly of small landholders,tradesmen,and artisans,while the nobility supported the king.

Question 49

Once the seven northern provinces of the Netherlands became independent,they became wholly Lutheran.

Question 50

In the theory of absolutism found in Thomas Hobbes's Leviathan,the goal of the sovereign state is to:

A) protect people's property.
B) preserve people's lives.
C) aggressively expand the state.
D) protect the religious liberty of all people.
E) ensure equality within the state.

Question 51

The mortality rate for new slaves was around 60 percent.

Question 52

Art in the Golden Age was sometimes used as a form of political critique as seen in Pieter Bruegel's piece entitled:

A) The Massacre of the Innocents.
B) Peasant Wedding.
C) The Maids of Honor.
D) The Harvesters.
E) The Horror of War.

Question 53

Whereas the French tended to colonize North America along the Atlantic coastline,the English founded forts and colonies in the interior.

Question 54

The "price revolution" forced many peasants to become unfree laborers in American colonies.

Question 55

Shakespeare's plays feature all of these themes EXCEPT:

A) England's medieval past.
B) the problems of identity, honor, and love.
C) the meaning of human existence.
D) the abuse of power.
E) the perfection of the Catholic faith.

Question 56

The Elizabethan author of Tamburlaine was:

A) William Shakespeare.
B) John Milton.
C) Christopher Marlowe.
D) Ben Jonson.
E) Guy Fawkes.

Question 57

The medium most likely to help shape public opinion in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries was:

A) books.
B) sermons.
C) plays.
D) broadsheets.
E) gossip.

Question 58

Unlike Spain,which was able to feed itself in the seventeenth century,France had to import most of its food.

Question 59

The architect of the Baroque noted for his Hellenistic-inspired style was:

A) El Greco.
B) Tintoretto.
C) Bernini.
D) Caravaggio.
E) Michelangelo.

Question 60

The uncertainty and crises of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries over time produced:

A) weaker states in which regional differences dominated.
B) more strongly centralized states.
C) a new kind of governance in Europe, dominated by independent city-states.
D) more democratic forms of government.
E) less independence in the colonies.

Question 61

How did fears of witchcraft reflect the concerns of early modern society?

Question 62

How did the policies of Cardinal Richelieu help to strengthen French power?

Question 63

What were the effects of the Columbian Exchange?

Question 64

How did the Thirty Years' War illustrate the complexities of religion and statehood?

Question 65

What were the effects of the Price Revolution on Europe?

Question 66

How did the events of early modern Europe impact early modern literature and art?

Question 67

What factors led to the decline of Spain?

Question 68

Compare and contrast the various European national approaches to colonization in the Americas.

Question 69

Roughly half of those accused of witchcraft in the early seventeenth century were men.

Question 70

How did England transform itself into a limited monarchy?

Question 71

How did civil and religious wars shape the philosophy of the period?

Question 72

The work of Jean Bodin and Thomas Hobbes are early examples of the discipline of political science.