Deck 13: Applied Behavior Analysis

Question 1

Which of the following is a component of the Food Dudes program?

A) Use of stickers and Food Dudes prizes as reinforcement
B) Use of differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)
C) Use of social modeling by superheroes eating fruits and vegetables
D) Both (a) and (c)

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Translational research:

A) Aims to apply behavior-change techniques to new behaviors
B) Aims to move behavior-change technologies to new situations
C) Aims to understand everyday human behavior in social contexts
D) Aims to move behavioral technologies to new cultures

Answer 2

C

Question 3

_____ refers to how long a new behavior persists after the original contingencies are removed.

A) Behavioral continuity
B) Behavioral resurgence
C) Extinction
D) Behavior maintenance

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What is behavior trapping?

A) Don Baer got trapped by a behavioral contingency
B) The fact that animal behavior leads to trapping by hunters
C) An attempt to overcome the traps that our behavior causes
D) New behavior is trapped by the natural contingencies

Question 5

Which of the following are multiple baseline designs?

A) Multiple baseline across subjects
B) Multiple baseline across behaviors
C) Multiple baseline across stimulus conditions
D) All of these

Question 6

Using ASD adolescents who engaged in passive video viewing of hand actions such as grasping an object, research conducted by Pokorny and colleagues (2015) found:

A) No differences in fMRI activation in the AON between typically developing and ASD adolescents
B) Minor differences in fMRI activation in the AON between typically developing and ASD adolescents
C) Moderate differences in fMRI activation in the AON between typically developing and ASD adolescents
D) Significant differences in fMRI activation in the AON between typically developing and ASD adolescents

Question 7

Level 1 of the ABC school program for autistic children involves:

A) Teaching of stimulus generalization to those who are advanced
B) Training and generalization of social skills, especially with parents
C) Discrete trials of stimulus, response, and reinforcement
D) Teaching of "splinter skills" to able students

Question 8

Applied behavior analysis is a field of study that focuses on the application of the ____, methods, and procedures of the science of behavior.

A) Equations
B) Findings
C) Principles
D) Research

Question 9

Thompson (2007) suggested that providing children with autism early experiences with discrimination training using visual images of hand and arm movements may:

A) Improve communication abilities later in life
B) Promote gene expression in the mirror-neuron system
C) Decrease social anxiety
D) Improve outcomes from EIBI

Question 10

Which of the following was not discussed as a possible benefit of video prompting using mobile technology for students with ASD?

A) Indicates to others greater autonomy and self-determination
B) Allows for caregivers to monitor the student's location
C) May generate self-regulation of actions
D) May increase intrinsic motivation

Question 11

Fred Keller wrote a seminal article on college teaching called ______.

A) Good-Bye Teacher . . .
B) Keller on Teaching
C) Farewell to College Education
D) So Long to Higher Education

Question 12

What is video prompting?

A) A technology that uses a video of a model showing the separate steps of a task
B) A video demonstration by a model of an integrated sequence of skills to perform some task
C) A mobile app that sends a text message if a behavior has not occurred for some time
D) An educational tool used on websites that provides visual feedback for correct responses

Question 13

Belles and Bradlyn (1987) conducted a stop-smoking study using a(n) _____ design.

A) Multiple baseline across subjects
B) A-B-A-B reversal
C) Factorial
D) Changing criterion

Question 14

In the treatment of drug use and addiction, contingency management involves _______.

A) The use of fading medical testing
B) The use of vouchers contingent on abstinence
C) The use of contingent attention
D) The use of reinforcement of alternative behavior

Question 15

In terms of a behavioral contract, the details usually specify:

A) Both what is expected of the client and the consequences that follow behavior
B) The level of attention required
C) The consequences that follow behavior
D) What is expected of the client

Question 16

Which of the following is not one of the four teaching fundamentals of Headsprout?

A) Instructional material is arranged so that the children experience a high rate of reinforcement
B) Material is practiced until the skill or strategy is mastered
C) New skills are demonstrated through video modeling
D) Frequent cumulative reviews allow for retention and skill transfer

Question 17

In the adaptive hypothesis of obesity, a(n) _________confers an advantage under ________food supply.

A) Obese-prone genotype; unpredictable
B) Lean-prone genotype; diminishing
C) Biological predisposition; varying
D) Evolutionary mutation; reduced

Question 18

From a behavioral treatment standpoint, a person's thoughts and feelings:

A) Are irrelevant to the process
B) Can be treated as verbal respondent behavior
C) Can be treated as verbal operant behavior
D) Are symptomatic of their target behavior

Question 19

Behavioral interventions are directed at:

A) Changing environmental events to improve behavior
B) Identifying problem behaviors to better understand the emotional negativity they create
C) Improving behavior by changing negative cognitions
D) Engaging in behaviors to reduce anxiety and negativity

Question 20

If parents want to discourage nail-biting and they begin to reinforce writing as an alternative to anxiety, they are using a ______ method.

A) Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior
B) Differential reinforcement of other behavior
C) Differential reinforcement of respondent alternatives
D) Differential reinforcement of positive alternatives

Question 21

Which of the following was not identified in the textbook as an online contingency management resource?

A) Stickk.com
B) Dietbet.com
C) Voucher.com
D) HealthyWage.com

Question 22

Which of the following was not a finding in Higgins and colleagues study of the effectiveness of voucher programs for drug treatment and abstinence?

A) Participants in the community reinforcement approach plus vouchers group had a higher percentage of drug free tests than the CRA group
B) Both behavioral programs achieved higher 24-month abstinence rates than the traditional 12-step programs
C) The large difference between the CRA plus vouchers group and the CRA alone group was maintained throughout the entire 24-weeks of the program
D) Despite the high initial outcomes, the decrease in abstinence over the 24-week period and the high costs of the CRA plus vouchers program limit its usefulness

Question 23

Pierce and colleagues (2007) suggest that calorie-wise foods may produce conditioned overeating by:

A) Encouraging children to eat too many calories
B) Disrupting the body's ability to learn the correct associations between taste and caloric intake
C) Producing activity anorexia
D) Associating eating with pleasant social stimuli

Question 24

When a reinforcement procedure is applied progressively to different students with similar target behavior, the researcher is employing a _____ design.

A) Multiple baseline across reinforcement
B) Multiple baseline across behaviors
C) Multiple baseline across settings
D) Multiple baseline across participants

Question 25

Research investigating the obese-prone genotype in the activity anorexia (AA) challenge demonstrates that:

A) Experience with food restriction and an obese-prone genotype increase survival
B) Experience with food restriction and an obese-prone genotype decrease survival
C) Regardless of experience with food restriction, an obese-prone genotype increased survival
D) Regardless of experience with food restriction, an obese-prone genotype decreased survival

Question 26

Which of the following was not identified as an obstacle to the use of contingency management (CM) for drug addiction treatment?

A) The high cost of providing vouchers
B) Insufficient research showing it to be effective
C) Unfamiliarity with behavioral-based treatments
D) Negative social stereotypes toward drug users

Question 27

Lovaas's early work with the early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI), in which children with autism 30 months and younger were given 40 plus hours of treatment each week, resulted in ____% of program participants being behaviorally indistinguishable from typically developing children after 2 years of treatment.

A) 30%
B) 50%
C) 70%
D) 90%

Question 28

When a reinforcement procedure is applied progressively to different target behaviors, the researcher is employing a _____ design.

A) Multiple baseline across reinforcement
B) Multiple baseline across behaviors
C) Multiple baseline across settings
D) Multiple baseline across subjects

Question 29

Which of the following is not a typical component of a course built around Keller's personalized system of instruction (PSI)?

A) Participants move at their own pace
B) Lectures/demonstrations are attended as needed by the participant
C) Graphing and revising the program based on the data
D) Breaking down reading assignments/lab activities into small components

Question 30

Internal validity refers to:

A) The degree to which a study changes the behavior it aims to change
B) Eliminating distracting stimuli from a treatment site
C) Eliminating most extraneous explanations for behavior
D) The degree to which a context is the same from one day to the next

Question 31

Programming for generality means that:

A) The behavior analyst builds technologies that apply to many situations
B) The behavior analyst builds technologies that can be used for many types of behavior
C) The behavior analyst arranges for many types of reinforcement
D) The behavior analyst makes specific plans for how to maintain the behavior change after treatment

Question 32

When recording behavior, behavior analysts strive for greater than ____ agreement between multiple independent observers.

A) 60%
B) 70%
C) 80%
D) 90%

Question 33

If a researcher is measuring a continuous behavior, then they should use _____ recording.

A) Duration recording
B) Event recording
C) Time sampling
D) Interval recording

Question 34

Which of the following best describes Higgins and colleagues (2012) review of contingency management (CM) programs with pregnant mothers?

A) CM programs with pregnant mothers increase the number of prenatal doctor visits
B) CM programs with pregnant mothers increase smoking abstinence
C) CM programs with pregnant mothers increase overall exercise
D) CM programs with pregnant mothers increase vitamin intake

Question 35

From a behavioral point of view it is the _____________ and _____________ that require change.

A) Thoughts; feelings
B) Physical environment; social system
C) Discriminative stimuli; punishers
D) Respondent behaviors; operant behaviors

Question 36

Which of the following is not a behavior-change technology currently used in the ABC school's curriculum?

A) Picture Exchange Communication System
B) Lovaas's early intensive behavioral intervention package
C) Sundberg's verbal behavior approach
D) Recreating Environment to Accelerate Learning

Question 37

If a researcher is measuring behavior in four 15-minute time slots, then he/she is using a(n) _____ approach to measuring behavior.

A) Duration recording
B) Event recording
C) Time sampling
D) Interval recording

Question 38

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a Standard Celeration Chart?

A) Learning is typically represented by a straight line
B) Values are typically plotted on a logarithmic scale
C) The rate of response is plotted
D) The steeper the slope of the line, the slower the learning

Question 39

Which of the four guiding principles of precision teaching captures the idea that if slow learning is observed, the program of instruction needs to be changed:

A) Focus directly on observable behavior
B) Rate as the basic behavioral measure
C) Charting of behavior on a Standard Celeration Chart
D) The learner knows best

Question 40

A potential neural explanation for the effectiveness of EIBI is that it helps to:

A) Reorganize and reactivate the mirror-neuron network
B) Increase activity in the prefrontal cortex
C) Decrease activity in the amygdala
D) Improves the function of the nucleus accumbens (NAc)