Deck 23: Modern Industry and Mass Politics 1870-1914

Question 1

Technological advances in Europe,matched by advances in steel,electricity,and chemicals brought about a period of renewed growth in the nineteenth century known as the:

A) Era of Good Feelings.
B) technological revolution.
C) second industrial revolution.
D) manufacturing revolution.
E) information revolution.

Answer 1

second industrial revolution.

Question 2

In 1903,Emmeline Pankhurst:

A) founded the Women's Social and Political Union.
B) was killed when she threw herself under the king's horse at the Derby.
C) delivered a speech before Parliament denouncing the suffragette movement.
D) was murdered during a socialist rally in London.
E) secured the right to vote for women in Britain by royal decree.

Answer 2

founded the Women's Social and Political Union.

Question 3

Published in 1903 and 1905,The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion:

A) was forged by the Russian secret police and detailed a Jewish plot to dominate the world.
B) demonstrated that Jews and Christians could live together in peace.
C) was written by Alfred Dreyfus.
D) defended the economic interests of the Rothschild banking family.
E) set out the Zionists' proposal to establish a Jewish state.

Answer 3

was forged by the Russian secret police and detailed a Jewish plot to dominate the world.

Question 4

The Third Republic in France was shaken in 1894 by the "Dreyfus Affair" that saw the rise of _________ in French society.

A) socialism
B) republicanism
C) anti-Semitism
D) Dreyfusardism
E) militarism

Question 5

By 1884,Germany,France,and Britain had extended voting rights most broadly,but even in those countries the members of society who continued to be denied the vote as a group were:

A) women.
B) workers.
C) clerics.
D) soldiers.
E) slaves.

Question 6

Alfred Dreyfus received support from many prominent members of the literary community; among them was:

A) Victor Hugo.
B) Émile Zola.
C) Guy de Maupassant.
D) Edouard Drumont.
E) Aurore Dupin Dudevant.

Question 7

After 1870 one political and social group that found themselves on the defensive was:

A) the military.
B) the working class.
C) the old aristocracy.
D) middle-class liberals.
E) monarchists.

Question 8

Although discovered much earlier,the development of electricity in the late 1800s led to all of the following EXCEPT:

A) new techniques in the chemical industry.
B) electrification of metropolitan areas.
C) improvements in subway systems.
D) changes in the living habits of ordinary people.
E) a dramatic improvement in air quality.

Question 9

The artistic movement known as futurism was introduced to Europe by:

A) M. J. Duchamp.
B) Vincent van Gogh.
C) J. C. Pissarro.
D) Claude Monet.
E) F. T. Marinetti.

Question 10

In general,the syndicalists:

A) made advances in Britain, but not Italy, France, or Spain.
B) like the socialists, had great faith in the political process.
C) demanded that workers share in the ownership and control of the means of production.
D) argued that the associations and the state could work together.
E) became the model for labor organizations in the United States.

Question 11

By the 1860s,_________ were the leading voices for an expanded franchise in many European countries.

A) Chartists
B) Liberals
C) radical capitalists
D) socialist parliamentarians
E) communists

Question 12

With the rise of the "New Woman," conservative women such as Mrs.Humphrey Ward called upon women to:

A) "Rise up to defend the British empire by keeping the home fires burning."
B) "Actively seek out those who oppose the traditional station of women and defeat them."
C) "Seek their way in the world independently of their husbands."
D) "Would sap the virility of the British Empire."
E) "Secure the franchise and take control of the political system in Britain."

Question 13

European women,having attained the right to control their own property,viewed _________ as the symbol of full legal personhood.

A) equal pay for equal work
B) enfranchisement
C) equal access to employment
D) economic freedom
E) equality under the law

Question 14

The first technological innovation of the second industrial revolution was with:

A) iron.
B) bronze.
C) copper.
D) aluminum.
E) steel.

Question 15

By the early twentieth century,many European socialists were beginning to doubt some of the core assumptions of Marxist doctrine.In Germany,these "revisionists" were led by:

A) Eduard Bernstein.
B) Friedrich Engels.
C) Elmer Bernstein.
D) Thurston Veblen.
E) Friedrich Nietzsche.

Question 16

During the period after 1870 ________________ became the money market of the world.

A) the United States
B) Great Britain
C) Germany
D) France
E) Russia

Question 17

Which political party became the model Marxist party in the late nineteenth century?

A) German Social Democratic Party
B) Independent Labor Party
C) Goths Program
D) International Workingmen's Association
E) National Socialist Workers' Party

Question 18

One means by which some nineteenth-century companies attempted to dominate an industry was to control every step of production,from the acquisition of raw materials to the distribution of the final product,in a/an _________ combination.

A) organic
B) vertical
C) monopolistic
D) diagonal
E) transnational

Question 19

Becoming more active in politics women became engaged in all the following social reform movements EXCEPT:

A) gay rights
B) poor relief
C) prison reform
D) temperance
E) ending slavery

Question 20

The Paris Commune obtained its greatest support from the:

A) middle classes.
B) workers of Paris.
C) peasants of Normandy.
D) army officer corps.
E) soldiers of the Paris barracks.

Question 21

In his groundbreaking publication of 1859,Charles Darwin dealt with the natural world and developed his theory of evolution by means of natural selection.That book is entitled:

A) Natural Selection and Human Beings.
B) The Origin of the Species.
C) The Descent of Man.
D) On the Theory of Natural Selection.
E) The Theory of Evolution & Man.

Question 22

Charles Darwin completed the fieldwork that served as the basis for his theories during the time he spent as an unpaid naturalist on an around-the-world voyage aboard the ship:

A) H.M.S. Beagle.
B) R.M.S. Shepherd.
C) H.M.S. Bounty.
D) R.M.S. Victory.
E) H.M.S. Hood.

Question 23

Evolutionary theories had existed for some time but the first modern theory of evolution was developed by:

A) Georg Simmel.
B) Charles Darwin.
C) Jean Lemarck.
D) Herbert Spencer.
E) Alfred Wallace.

Question 24

The expression "survival of the fittest" was first used by:

A) Sir James Frazer.
B) Herbert Spencer.
C) Thomas Henry Huxley.
D) Charles Darwin.
E) Sigmund Freud.

Question 25

The end of France's Second Empire was the result of:

A) Franco-Prussian War.
B) 1848 revolution.
C) Paris Commune.
D) Second Empire.
E) Crimean War.

Question 26

Bismarck enacted several measures concerning national health legislation because:

A) the liberals demanded it.
B) his ethical standards were high and he saw legislation as his Christian duty.
C) Germany was experiencing a typhoid epidemic.
D) reports showed that the German population was seriously undernourished.
E) he wanted to win the loyalty of the German working class.

Question 27

Irish home rule was debated for many years in the British Parliament and had support from the Irish Parliamentary Party in the last decades of the nineteenth century,but by the end of the century,a more radical position calling for full independence was revived by the militant political organization called the:

A) Ulster Unionists.
B) Orangemen.
C) Irish Republican Brotherhood.
D) Ó Clérigh Lughaidh.
E) Ulster Volunteers.

Question 28

As a result of the 1905 revolution,Tsar Nicholas II issued the October Manifesto,which:

A) provided for open elections for a legislative body, the Dumas, which paved the way for the peaceful transition to a constitutional monarchy in 1907.
B) created the Ocrana, the secret police, which ruthlessly crushed all opposition to the tsar, focusing specifically on the Bolsheviks and the Social Revolutionaries.
C) completed the work begun by the Treaty of Portsmouth, which ended the Russo-Japanese War, which called for the transfer of territory in the East to Japan.
D) guaranteed individual liberties, more liberal franchise for the election of a Dumas, and veto powers for the Dumas-all of which Nicholas repealed over the next two years.
E) freed all the serfs from their ancestral lands.

Question 29

The revolution of 1905 in Russia was caused by:

A) a conflict between Bolsheviks and Mensheviks.
B) the inflammatory writings of Lenin.
C) the October Manifesto.
D) Russia's defeat in the Russo-Japanese War.
E) a shortage of bread in Saint Petersburg.

Question 30

Many educated or middle-class Christians were troubled by the implications of the writings of Charles Darwin because those writings:

A) showed that the world was governed by random chance and constant, undirected struggle.
B) contradicted the literal interpretation of the Bible.
C) flatly denied the existence of a supreme being.
D) stated that human beings had evolved, over time, from monkeys.
E) held that human beings were no different from any other animal in existence.

Question 31

Tsar Alexander II:

A) led Russia to victory in the Crimean War.
B) was an enlightened ruler who industrialized Russia.
C) was assassinated in spite of freeing the serfs.
D) was a repressive ruler who reversed all the reforms of his father.
E) was an intellectual who founded the Bolshoi Ballet.

Question 32

Under the Russian Tsar Nicholas II,Russification:

A) extended the language and culture of Greater Russia over all non-Russian subjects.
B) was not accomplished by coercion or physical oppression.
C) was intended to destroy the populist movement.
D) did not involve pogroms.
E) was a program the tsar implemented as part of the process to become a naturalized Russian citizen.

Question 33

Until the Russo-Japanese War,ordinary Russians continued to believe that the tsar was their "Little Father" and would do what he could to aid them in their lives.This trust was shaken on January 22,1905,a date afterward referred to as:

A) "Black Thursday."
B) "Shrove Tuesday."
C) "Maundy Thursday."
D) "Father Capon Day."
E) "Bloody Sunday."

Question 34

The nineteenth-century social reforms looked to _________ to confirm its tenets.

A) politics
B) science
C) religion
D) sociology
E) philosophy

Question 35

In the late nineteenth century,in the midst of the continued decline of the Ottoman Empire,a nationalist movement emerged in Turkey under the guidance of a group calling themselves the "Young Turks," who successfully forced the sultan to establish a constitutional government in 1908.In the following year they deposed the sultan and placed him with his brother:

A) Khalid Hamid IV.
B) Ibn al' Mina V.
C) Assur-dan VI.
D) Mohammed V.
E) Harun al-Rashid.

Question 36

Social scientists of the late nineteenth century often reached experimental results that undermined the very scientific method they employed,since those results generally showed that human beings were:

A) rational.
B) the product of their environment.
C) irrational.
D) the product of heredity.
E) a blank slate at birth.

Question 37

Marxism came to Russia in two forms: one based on industrial capitalism known as the Social Democratic Party and the other based on the populist appeal to the peasantry known as the:

A) Orthodox Socialist Party.
B) Social Revolutionary Party.
C) Bolsheviks.
D) Marxist Socialist Union.
E) Mensheviks.

Question 38

The promoter of a Jewish state outside of Europe was:

A) Edouard Drumont.
B) Georges Sorel.
C) Sir James Frazer.
D) Theodor Herzl.
E) George Sand.

Question 39

Early in the twentieth century a coalition of British trade unionists and middle-class socialists:

A) disbanded the House of Lords.
B) founded the Independent Labor Party in 1901.
C) defeated any sort of progressive tax reform in Great Britain.
D) was responsible for passage of the Second Reform Bill.
E) blocked consideration of the League of Nations at the Paris Peace Conference.

Question 40

The Kulturkampf of Otto von Bismarck was a campaign waged against the:

A) socialists.
B) Catholics.
C) Lutherans.
D) communists.
E) Volksdeutsche.

Question 41

In Britain,the manufacturing of cheap steel in large quantities allowed it to outstrip German industrialism.

Question 42

In order to mobilize the funds needed for large-scale enterprises,most European countries enacted limited-liability laws that ensured stockholders could lose only the value of their shares in the event of bankruptcy.

Question 43

Zionism was based on the hierarchical principles of the Jewish faith and hoped to establish a homeland in which the caste-like system of the ancient twelve tribes could once again organize Jews into a single,organized people.

Question 44

In response to the growing materialism and free thought in the world,Pope Pius IX issued an encyclical entitled:

A) Ecce Homo.
B) Mistakes of the Modern World.
C) Unum Sanctum.
D) Syllabus of Errors.
E) Humanae Vitae.

Question 45

The second half of the nineteenth century saw an increase in literacy in Europe to about:

A) 25 percent.
B) 40 percent.
C) 85 percent.
D) 65 percent.
E) 80 percent.

Question 46

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries,culture entered a new era that has been labeled as:

A) Mannerism.
B) Baroque.
C) structuralism.
D) Modernism.
E) pop art.

Question 47

"Classical conditioning," as developed by Ivan Pavlov,became a part of the psychological school of:

A) analytical realism.
B) reflexology.
C) behaviorism.
D) Cartesian dualism.
E) conditioned response.

Question 48

The dominant trend in business during the second industrial revolution was a decreased cooperation between governments and industry.

Question 49

Early French Innovators in art were Claude Monet and:

A) Pierre-Auguste Renoir.
B) Emile Nolde.
C) Vincent van Gogh.
D) Edvard Munch.
E) Egon Schiele.

Question 50

Sigmund Freud argued that mental disorders are caused by:

A) mental images created during our dream states.
B) physiological responses to environmental stimuli.
C) chemical imbalances in the brain.
D) a conflict between natural drives and cultural restraints.
E) a lack of environmental restraints of people's actions.

Question 51

The near-universal adoption of the gold standard in currency exchange greatly diminished world trade.

Question 52

Friedrich Nietzsche believed that a "superman" could,would and should:

A) control their irrational impulses through artistic expression.
B) master the world through a "will to faith."
C) achieve mastery over all antisocial behavior.
D) reform social, economic, and political organizations.
E) transcend the bounds of cultural conformity.

Question 53

A powerful new tool of a general strike of all industrial workers was proposed by the syndicalists,who argued that it would do more to bring down the state than electoral politics.

Question 54

In spite of all legal hindrances,votes for the Social Democratic Party was the largest bloc in the German parliament by 1912.

Question 55

Futurism,as introduced to Italy byF.T.Marinetti,was an aggressive new art movement influenced by technology and the bustle of urban life.

Question 56

Mass consumption was one of the greatest changes in the second industrial revolution as the traditional buying habits of the consumer both within and outside urban areas were quickly changed and society became much less stratified.

Question 57

The second industrial revolution created a strong demand for technical expertise,which meant that university degrees became more important than on-the-job apprenticeships.

Question 58

After the turn of the twentieth century,turned to non-Western cultures or looked to the aesthetic of________________ for artistic inspiration:

A) toward the machine age
B) Renaissance art
C) the Western classical age
D) Oriental art
E) pre-Christian art

Question 59

Although a few challenges to representational art had occurred earlier,the first significant break emerged in France with the:

A) impressionists.
B) surrealists.
C) dadaists.
D) structuralists.
E) post-impressionists.

Question 60

The Third Republic of France was created after the fall of the Second Republic during the French-Iberian War.

Question 61

Lenin regarded revolution as the only answer to Russia's problems.

Question 62

What was modernism,and how did it reflect the changes in society during the late nineteenth century?

Question 63

Why did the industrial and social changes of the nineteenth century destabilize Russia?

Question 64

What innovations typified the second industrial revolution,and what were the effects on European society?

Question 65

In what ways were traditional Victorian gender roles for women redefined in the latter half of the nineteenth century?

Question 66

Russia under Tsar Alexander II had made many liberal changes such as the freeing of the serfs.All liberal tendencies in the government came to an end with the assassination of the tsar.

Question 67

How were the theories of Darwinism applied to political objectives?

Question 68

The outbreak of World War I was all that prevented civil war in Ireland in the early twentieth century.

Question 69

What factors made Germany particularly receptive to social democracy?

Question 70

What changes did industrialization cause in Europe?

Question 71

What was the impact of the Dreyfus Affair on Europe?

Question 72

Why was Marxism so appealing to both workers and intellectuals across the West?

Question 73

What gains were made by the Russian revolution of 1905? Why were these gains not enough to complete Russia's transition to a modern nation?

Question 74

A pogrom is a Russian term for a violent attack on civilians.