Deck 5: Physical Culture, Sport, Ethnicity, and Race in Canada

Question 1

Washburne's thesis that differences in leisure between dominant and minority populations are the result of variations in the value systems and social norms of the minority groups provides the basis for _____ theory.

A) Ethnicity
B) Marginality
C) Functionalist
D) Conflict

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT necessarily true of participation in sport and leisure activities?

A) A way for social groups to define who they are
B) A way for one social group to exert their dominance over another social group
C) A way for social groups to define the values and practices that matter to them
D) A way for social groups to illustrate what distinguishes them from other groups

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which theory noted below suggests that participation in dominant cultural activities is due to the poverty experienced by many minority racial and ethnic people?

A) ethnicity theory
B) marginality theory
C) racial theory
D) functionalism

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT true of the North American Indigenous Games (NAIG)?

A) The NAIG were first held in 1990 in the city of Edmonton
B) The NAIG restrict participation to those of verifiable Aboriginal ancestry
C) The NAIG reject mainstream sports and focus only on Indigenous games and physical activities
D) The NAIG is considered a good stepping-stone for athletes to enter national- and international-level sport contests

Question 5

What is the Rooney Rule in the NFL?

A) A rule that allowed star white players like Wayne Rooney access to better healthcare provision
B) A rule that made it mandatory for all teams to field at least 50% visible minority players
C) A rule that stipulated that teams had to interview at least one minority candidate for head coaching and senior management positions
D) A rule that stipulated that all head coaches undergo systematic cultural sensitivity training

Question 6

Claude Denis rejects the idea that Canada is culturally pluralistic, instead labelling it as ____.

A) Assimilationist
B) Inclusive
C) Whitestream
D) Hegemonic

Question 7

We learned from the 2016 Census that approximately _____ of Canada's population a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

A) 7%
B) 22%
C) 41%
D) 53%

Question 8

_____ refers to the cultural characteristics shared by a social group, such as customs, language, beliefs, and history that hold the group together and help others to recognize them as distinct.

A) Race
B) Ethnicity
C) Minority group
D) Hegemony

Question 9

It was noted that there were three main measures of power in sport, including all of these EXCEPT:

A) The ability to structure sport
B) The ability to establish sport traditions
C) The ability to influence the outcomes of sporting contests
D) The ability to define legitimate meanings and practices associated with dominant sport practices

Question 10

What can be said, generally, about the changing participation rates of Canadians in sport since 2005?

A) Rates have stayed similar for Anglophones and Francophones alike
B) Rates for those speaking multiple languages increased
C) Rates for non-Anglophones has declined
D) Rates for Anglophones has significantly increased

Question 11

We use the word _____ to refer to people who identify with non-European-white groups and individuals.

A) Race
B) Ethnicity
C) Minority
D) Coloured

Question 12

Aboriginal peoples (constituting First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples) represent what percentage of the Canadian population, according to Statistics Canada in 2018?

A) 11.9%
B) 10.2%
C) 6.9%
D) 4.3%

Question 13

Race refers to socially constructed distinctions between groups of people based on:

A) Physical appearance characteristics such as how we dress and wear makeup
B) Genetic characteristics such as skin colour, hair type and facial features
C) Cultural characteristics such as religion, language and customs
D) Psychological characteristics such as self-esteem, assertiveness and modesty

Question 14

Which of the following was NOT enshrined in the 1988 Canadian Multiculturalism Act?

A) A person's ability to discriminate others based on their race alone
B) A person's ability to preserve their cultural identity as a Canadian citizen
C) A person's ability to retain their ancestry and cultural heritage
D) A person's ability to retain a sense of belonging in Canada

Question 15

When Indigenous or black athletes formed their own leagues and competitions, this allowed them to do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Develop new rules for the sports they played
B) Assign their own meanings to the sports they played
C) Develop their own traditions in keeping with their own ethnic cultural understandings
D) Create opportunities to play sports when none existed in the mainstream sport system

Question 16

Tirone's longitudinal study from 2000 revealed both the opportunities and challenges created for young immigrants in sport, leisure and recreation, drawn from which geographical region?

A) China, South Korea, Vietnam and Japan
B) Indian, Pakistan and Bangladesh
C) North Africa and the Middle East
D) Mexico and Central America

Question 17

A good example to illustrate a sporting context that promotes, for ethnic minorities, the right to play but not the right to be involved in determining key aspects of participation, would be:

A) The NHL, where the vast majority of hockey players, coaching staff and owners are white
B) The American Tennis Association, an organization set up, run and patronized by Black community leaders, which organized tournaments for African-American players
C) The Negro Baseball leagues, which were set up by Black coaches and administrators to provide opportunities for African-American baseball players
D) The NBA, which is dominated by Black players but characterized by their marginalization in key decision-making positions in coaching and ownership

Question 18

One question raised in the chapter regarding how Canadians responded to the Humboldt bus crash tragedy in 2018 was:

A) Why wasn't more money raised to help the families affected by the tragedy?
B) Why was no government legislation brought in to ensure that such tragedies never happened again?
C) Why wasn't anything done to stem the racism directed subsequently towards the truck driver held responsible?
D) Why have such overwhelming forms of mourning not extended to other national tragedies, such as the 2017 attack in a Quebec mosque?

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a true examples of racial discrimination in Canadian sport?

A) In 1835, black jockeys were banned from competing at the Niagara Turf Club
B) In 1880, Indigenous players were excluded from competing in amateur lacrosse competitions
C) Up until 1913, the Amateur Athletic Association of Canada banned blacks from competing in Canadian amateur boxing championships
D) Not until 1961 did the first black player compete in Canadian professional baseball

Question 20

Which of the following would NOT be a key aspect of critical race theory, according to Hylton (2008)?

A) It challenges convention and colour-blindness
B) It focuses on social justice
C) It seeks to promote militancy and retaliation against white authority
D) It centralizes marginal voices

Question 21

In 2013, the Quebec Soccer Federation embroiled itself in a controversy because:

A) The league fired its President, a black man who alleged he was racially abused
B) The league held matches on Christmas Day, which upset its largely Christian-based membership
C) The league forbade women wearing headscarves from competing due to safety reasons
D) The league enacted a rule banning players wearing turbans from participating due to safety reasons

Question 22

Approximately how many children attended Canadian residential schools between 1883 and 1996?

A) 20,000
B) 80,000
C) 150,000
D) 310,000

Question 23

What is NOT true about the McGill University men's sports-team name, the 'Redmen'?

A) Stereotypical images including an Indian head logo were used for the team throughout much of the 20th century
B) Their women's team name was at one point called the 'Super Squaws'
C) The controversy surrounding the name was raised over 50 years ago
D) The university opted to change the name of their men's teams in 2019 as a result of the widespread protests and lobbying

Question 24

Which of the following racialized aspects of sport was highlighted recently by the North American Society for Sport History as having harmful effects on the social identity development and self-esteem of Indigenous young people?

A) American Indian sports mascots and team names
B) Inaccurate media representations of the North American Indigenous Games
C) The lack of Indigenous representatives in Canadian Olympic teams
D) The lack or poor quality of sports facilities in many native reserves

Question 25

A hierarchy of privilege and discrimination has been created in Canada based on skin colour commonly referred to as:

A) Discrimination
B) Prejudice
C) Assimilation
D) Racism

Question 26

The cartoon published in Australia's Herald Sun in 2018 of Serena Williams is notable because:

A) It depicted her as the greatest athlete in all of sport history, male or female
B) It depicted her as a white player, thereby serving as an example of 'white-washing'
C) It depicted her as a child-like and animalistic hulk-like figure, with huge lips and unkempt hair
D) It depicted her as a physical equivalent to her opponent Naomi Osaka

Question 27

John, a white male, has been excluded from participating in the North American Indigenous Games. Many people would refer to this as:

A) ethnocentric distortion
B) hegemony
C) reverse racism
D) two-eyed seeing

Question 28

We observe in professional football (e.g., the NFL) that blacks are less likely to be coaches and have leadership positions on the team and are more likely to have positions on the team that are deemed to require more athletic ability. This is referred to as:

A) ethnocentric distortion
B) stacking
C) levelling the field
D) hierarchical discrimination

Question 29

A newcomer to Canada spends time reading Canadian magazines to learn all about the culture of the country they have moved to in order to adopt new values, beliefs, and behaviours. This newcomer is actively engaged in a process of:

A) Multiculturalism
B) Assimilation
C) institutional completeness
D) hegemony

Question 30

Warren Moon serves as an interesting case study when examining issues of race and racism in North American sport. Which of the following was true of Moon?

A) He played his entire career with the Edmonton Eskimos, because no NFL team would sign him as a black quarterback
B) He was completely overlooked by the NFL in the 1978 draft despite winning the Rose Bowl MVP award that year
C) When he entered the NFL in 1984, he was paid significantly less than the top white quarterbacks
D) As of 2019, he has yet to be inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame