Deck 7: Youth Sport and Physical Culture

Question 1

Which of the following was NOT considered a key problem with the performance-based narrative, the dream of 'making it' and 'going pro'?

A) Many athletes hold themselves personally responsible for their failures
B) Athletes blame the system if their dreams don't come true as planned
C) The dream is sold to youth, who embrace the narrative and make it their personal goal
D) The dream is sold to children's parents, who imagine sport as a valuable and potentially lucrative endeavour

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In which of the following family income groups would we find the highest percentage of children and youth participating in sports?

A) less than $40,000
B) between $40,000 and $79,000
C) $80,000 or higher
D) there is no significant difference in sports participation based on family income

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In the text, the authors suggest that the existing system for youth sport development in Canada is fundamental skewed toward failure, because:

A) It is simply not possible for every child who plays sport to become a professional
B) Most children will drop out of sport by the age of 13
C) Most children will suffer negative experiences in sport
D) Negative feedback is the preferred instructional method for Canadian coaches

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The three most common sports played by Canadian children, according to a study by Canadian Heritage in 2013, are:

A) Ice hockey, baseball and swimming
B) Swimming, lacrosse and soccer
C) Baseball, soccer and ice hockey
D) Soccer, swimming and ice hockey

Question 5

The process by which children adapt to and internalize society, refers to:

A) Democratization
B) Childification
C) Commodification
D) Socialization

Question 6

One of the important problems with a recent series of surveys carried out by CANPLAY on sport and physical activity was that:

A) The definition of a child age-range differed from one survey to the other
B) The definition of what constituted sport differed from one survey to the other
C) The definition of what constituted physical activity differed from one survey to the other
D) The survey was not administered in sufficient numbers to be of any use to policy makers

Question 7

According to Peter Donnelly, a global sport monoculture in which victory is the preeminent goal and, thus, where the ultimate purpose of sport participation is the attainment of professional status, winning Olympic gold medals, or setting new world records, is called:

A) OlympicAction
B) SportsDrive
C) Prolympism
D) GoalMedals

Question 8

While the development of physical literacy is widely considered a positive for young people, we should be cautious of how this kind of initiative is put into practice because

A) It could lead to the development of long-term injuries in children
B) It could lead to the emergence of a performance model in which children's play is equated with elite-level skills development
C) It could inhibit aspects of physical development deemed more important for children
D) It could become yet one more way in which people's activities are put under surveillance and their capabilities measured

Question 9

If Amardeep, who is 11 years old, plays an hour of basketball 4 days a week, and rides his bike to school and back (30 mins each way) twice a week, but is sedentary for the rest of the time, we can say that he is:

A) Just about meeting the current guidelines for Canadian children and physical activity
B) Just about meeting the old guidelines but failing to meet the current guidelines for Canadian children and physical activity
C) Significantly under the recommended amount of physical activity as set out in the current guidelines for Canadian children and physical activity
D) Significantly over the current guidelines for Canadian children and physical activity

Question 10

Of sport participation, we know that:

A) It is equal between girls and boys
B) Boys participation is approximately double that of girls
C) Boys participation is slightly more than that of girls
D) Girls participation is slightly more than that of boys

Question 11

According to Laurendeau and Moroz (2013), 'a political and economic rationality that extends the logic of "the market" into institutions and practices that once fell under the auspices of state agents' is called:

A) Bureaucracy
B) Meritcracy
C) Neoliberalism
D) Capitalism

Question 12

In the text, the example given of a total institution was:

A) A sports team
B) A university
C) A residential school
D) A prison

Question 13

The most recently published guidelines for Canadian children and sport participation recommends:

A) At least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity every day
B) At least 30 minutes of vigorous physical activity every other day
C) At least 45 minutes of moderate physical activity every day
D) At least 60 minutes of moderate physical activity 5 days a week

Question 14

Regarding disability sport, there is understood to be a notable lack of:

A) Resources offered to fund sport programmes for children with physical disabilities
B) Effort by the Canadian government to make sport more accessible for people with disabilities
C) Parents and other adults willing to volunteer to help organize youth sport programmes for children with disabilities
D) Statistical data on participation rates of those with disabilities in sport

Question 15

If someone framed youth sport participation as necessarily positively influencing character development, reforming at-risk populations and fostering social capital, that person would be viewing sport from a _______ perspective.

A) Marxist
B) Feminist
C) Symbolic Interactionist
D) Structural Functionalist

Question 16

From what theoretical model is disability understood to be 'a problematic biological abnormality or deficit rooted within an individual's cognition, sensation and/or physiology', according to Goodwin and Peers (2011)?

A) Biomedical model
B) Physiocognitive model
C) Psychomedical model
D) Medicological model

Question 17

According to Doherty and Taylor's research from 2007, some young people may experience social exclusion in sport for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A) Language difficulties
B) Institutionalized violence
C) Prejudice on the part of their peers
D) Unfamiliarity with mainstream sports

Question 18

According to sociologists, the phenomenon of highlighting the framing of young people as 'troubled and troubling' is an example of a/an:

A) Moral panic
B) Social crisis
C) Cultural issue
D) Societal discrepancy

Question 19

According to a survey from 2010-2011 administered by the Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, approximately what proportion of children in Canada, ages 5-17, participated in organized sport within the 12 months prior to the survey?

A) Three quarters (75%)
B) Half (50%)
C) Nine tenths (90%)
D) Two thirds (67%)

Question 20

Self-surveillance and regular body self-discipline as integral components of being a healthy and responsible citizen evokes the idea of:

A) Exploitation
B) Neoliberalism
C) Patriarchy
D) Socialization

Question 21

As stated in the text, in relation to youth sports, children are most commonly conceptualized as:

A) Adults in training
B) Pseudo-superstars
C) Commodities, bought and sold in a sporting marketplace
D) Raw materials

Question 22

Some interesting findings came from research into Fitbit use by youth aged 13-14. Which of the following was NOT one of these stated findings?

A) Adolescent girls' regular use of fitness apps reinforced narrow understandings of health
B) The use of these technologies became addictive, leading to the development of various mental health issues
C) After the novelty of the Fitbit wore off, many youth experienced negative feelings after using these devices
D) Adolescent girls use of fitness apps places an emphasis on weight management and slenderness

Question 23

The process of integrating game mechanics into existing technologies to motivate participation and engagement is called:

A) Sportification
B) Gamitization
C) Sportaction
D) Gamification

Question 24

Research suggests single sport specialization brings numerous negative consequences, including all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Overuse injuries
B) Physical and emotional burnout
C) Social isolation
D) Negative relationships with coaches

Question 25

As stated in the text, a particularly acute problem of elite girls' hockey schools is that:

A) They suffer the stigma of being lesbian enclaves
B) They do not offer equal opportunities for girls of colour
C) They draw the strongest players and volunteers out of recreational systems already struggling to recruit both
D) They do not offer suitable pathways for girls to progress to play on provincial or national teams

Question 26

As argued in the text, it might be prudent to reconsider the saliency of the 'sport for all' model often used by policymakers to promote youth sport, principally because:

A) It might conflict with exclusionary high-performance model of athlete development
B) It might not necessarily lead to any long-term health gains for participants
C) It might not provide equal opportunities to play sport 'for all'
D) It might not fit within the neoliberal social and economic framework in society

Question 27

Smartwatches and other GPS-enabled fitness trackers are examples of what have come to be called:

A) Digital health technologies
B) Virtual health technologies
C) Digital exercise technologies
D) Virtual exercise technologies

Question 28

According to a recent poll, what percentage of children drop out of organized youth sport by the age of 13?

A) 50%
B) 60%
C) 70%
D) 80%

Question 29

Some stated benefits, in the text, of alternative sports include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) They foster more inclusive cultures
B) They are often more participant-driven, thereby more democratized
C) They are not as dangerous or carry as much personal risk as mainstream sports
D) They provide opportunities to resist dimensions of mainstream sports that are considered unenjoyable or oppressive

Question 30

According to Leonard (2016), the notion that young people's agency plays out in an environment in which 'existing hierarchies between adults and children structure the conditions under which children practice their agency', is called:

A) Subculture
B) Hegemony
C) Generagency
D) Sportaction