Deck 13: Serious and Disabling Chronic Health Illnesses: Causes, Management, and Coping

Question 1

In Alzheimer's disease, the initial symptoms noticed are personality changes and disorientation.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Jill, who became quadriplegic at age 40 when her spinal cord was crushed at the waist level, is typical of such injuries.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Match the disorders below with their characteristic in.
Characterized by lesions of nerve and protein fibers.

A)osteoarthritis
B)rheumatoid arthritis
C)spinal cord injuries
D)epilepsy
E)Alzheimer's

Answer 3

Alzheimer's

Question 4

Match the disorders below with their characteristic in .
May result in joint deformities.

Question 5

Match the disorders below with their characteristic in .
Appears to result mainly from a response to allergens.

A)insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
B)non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
C)rheumatoid arthritis
D)asthma
E)gout

Question 6

Ron was in an automobile accident which left him with numerous facial scars and paraplegia. We might expect him to have particular difficulty coping with his symptoms.

Question 7

Match the disorders below with their characteristic in.
Affects predominantly males under 30 years old.

A)osteoarthritis
B)rheumatoid arthritis
C)spinal cord injuries
D)epilepsy
E)Alzheimer's

Question 8

The initial shock reaction to the diagnosis of a serious illness according to Shontz (1975) is characterized by a rush of emotions and disorganized thinking.

Question 9

Most cases of epilepsy are linked to a specific neurological defect.

Question 10

Match the disorders below with their characteristic in .
Results from an overproduction of uric acid.

A)insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
B)non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
C)rheumatoid arthritis
D)asthma
E)gout

Question 11

Match the disorders below with their characteristic in.
May affect not only the joints, but the heart, blood vessels, and lungs as well.

A)osteoarthritis
B)rheumatoid arthritis
C)spinal cord injuries
D)epilepsy
E)Alzheimer's

Question 12

One way to treat asthma is to avoid the triggers of attacks.

Question 13

Match the disorders below with their characteristic in.
Sometimes accompanied by an aura.

A)osteoarthritis
B)rheumatoid arthritis
C)spinal cord injuries
D)epilepsy
E)Alzheimer's

Question 14

Match the disorders below with their characteristic in .
The main acute complication of this disorder is ketoacidosis.

Question 15

Research has determined that using one type of coping skill to consistently deal with a chronic illness produces better results than developing a range of coping skills.

Question 16

Match the disorders below with their characteristic in .
Two subtypes exist which are based on the person's weight.

A)insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
B)non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
C)rheumatoid arthritis
D)asthma
E)gout

Question 17

If a diabetic follows recommended medical regimen it is less likely that they will die from acute complications.

Question 18

Although there are over 100 forms of rheumatic disease, they all have the same underlying pattern of causes.

Question 19

Tailoring the treatment regimen to suit the patient's lifestyle is likely to increase treatment adherence.

Question 20

Match the disorders below with their characteristic in.
Associated with occupations which are physically demanding

A)osteoarthritis
B)rheumatoid arthritis
C)spinal cord injuries
D)epilepsy
E)Alzheimer's

Question 21

Adolescents are most likely to avoid their treatment regimens for chronic illness because of

A) the painful nature of treatment regimen.
B) fear of parental separation.
C) their desire to avoid appearing different from their friends.
D) pre conceived ideas about illness.

Question 22

Which of the following are characteristic of people who cope well

A) They have resources to resolve the chronic nature of the situation.
B) They find purpose and quality in life.
C) They are able to find hope in life.
D) all of the above

Question 23

For middle-aged patients with chronic illness, which of the following reflects a likely coping difficulty

A) Resentment that they aren't able to enjoy their leisure time.
B) Concern with being viewed as different from their peers.
C) Not being able to complete tasks they have begun.
D) The frightening nature of medical procedures.

Question 24

Robbie is having trouble coping with the embarrassing joint deformities that have resulted from his rheumatoid arthritis. According to Moos, this is a(n)____ factor.

A) illness
B) personal
C) physical
D) background

Question 25

Which of the following statements regarding avoidance strategies is true

A) They are used especially when people feel there is nothing they can do to change the situation.
B) They are used only by acute pain patients.
C) They are always maladaptive.
D) They are never maladaptive.

Question 26

Males differ from females in coping with chronic illness in that

A) their greater self esteem causes them to cope with chronic illness better.
B) they are more adherent to treatment regimen.
C) they tend to be more threatened by the dependent, passive role they might have to take.
D) men suffer fewer chronic illnesses.

Question 27

Which of the following statements reflects the relationship between self-blame and coping with chronic illness

A) Self-blame may affect coping at first but tends to fade away quickly.
B) Self-blame has little impact on coping with a chronic illness.
C) Self-blame is linked to more aggressive coping attempts.
D) Self-blame is associated with higher levels of depression and poor coping.

Question 28

The primary source of social support for children and most adults who are ill comes from

A) their friends.
B) their families.
C) their support groups.
D) their physicians.

Question 29

In crisis theory, which of the following is not a task related to general psychosocial functioning

A) Controlling negative feelings.
B) Maintaining a satisfactory self image.
C) Preserving good relationships with family and friends.
D) Adjusting to the pain.

Question 30

People who cope well with chronic illness have __________ personalities.

A) passive
B) pessimistic
C) dependent
D) hardy

Question 31

One key difference in chronic health problems vs. short term difficulties is

A) chronic problems are always more painful.
B) chronic problems require behavioural, social, and emotional adjustments.
C) short term problems are more painful.
D) chronic problems cause less reliance on the medical field.

Question 32

Which is a coping strategy for chronic health problems

A) Learning to provide one's own medical care.
B) Recruiting support from family and friends.
C) Denying the seriousness of the illness.
D) all of the above

Question 33

Which is not a characteristic of shock

A) It is most pronounced when the crisis comes without warning.
B) Feelings of being stunned or bewildered.
C) Feeling a sense of detachment from the situation.
D) Feelings of loss, grief, despair.

Question 34

The use of avoidance strategies in coping with chronic illness

A) often causes patients to gain less information about their illness.
B) may be psychologically beneficial early in the coping process.
C) may prevent the patient from making important lifestyle changes in fighting their illness.
D) all of the above

Question 35

According to Shontz, the first stage in the sequence following the diagnosis of disabling illness is

A) shock.
B) encounter reaction.
C) reaction formation.
D) retreat.

Question 36

According to Moos, which of the following types of disfigurement is likely to affect coping the most

A) Loss of a limb.
B) Severe facial scarring.
C) Loss of a breast.
D) Loss of the ability to walk.

Question 37

Learning and adhering to a medical regimen would be classified by Moos as

A) an environmental task.
B) an adaptive task.
C) a cognitive appraisal.
D) a personal factor.

Question 38

When adjusting to a chronic illness which of the following represents a physical environmental factor that may occur

A) The lack of assistive devices to increase self-sufficiency.
B) The feelings involved in role threat.
C) The lack of support networks in the community.
D) The complexity of the treatment regimen.

Question 39

Moos' theory on adjustment to crises focuses on

A) illness factors.
B) background and personal factors.
C) physical and social environmental factors
D) all of the above

Question 40

Which of the following people are likely to have the most significant problems coping with their treatment regimen

A) Paul, whose treatment is extremely painful.
B) Derrick, whose medications have minor side effects.
C) Mohammed, whose treatment regimen requires him to take his meds once a day.
D) Jin, whose treatment program is held on nights and weekends.

Question 41

The process of making changes in order to adjust constructively to life's circumstances is called

A) adaptation.
B) quality of life.
C) instrumental support.
D) emotional coping.

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT true about asthma

A) Most asthmatics first experience symptoms before age 5.
B) Death from asthma attacks no longer occurs.
C) 25 50% of children with asthma get better by adulthood.
D) Prevalence rates are higher for children than adults.

Question 43

Which of the following ailments is correlated with diabetes

A) Neuropathy.
B) Blindness.
C) Gangrene.
D) all of the above

Question 44

Which of the following is a common treatment for asthma

A) Use of anti-inflammatories.
B) Refraining from exercise.
C) Gradual exposure to triggers.
D) all of the above.

Question 45

Which of the following best described the demographics of spinal cord injuries

A) They are more prevalent in males.
B) They are more common under age 30.
C) Most result from traffic accidents.
D) all of the above

Question 46

During a recent epileptic attack, Kim lost consciousness and had muscle spasms. She most likely had a(n)

A) petit mal attack
B) grand mal seizure
C) absence attack
D) psychomotor seizure

Question 47

Which of the following statements regarding sexual function and spinal injury below the waist is correct

A) All sexual function is lost.
B) Males usually retain fertility.
C) Females usually lose fertility due to the injury.
D) The greatest barriers to sexual function are psychosocial.

Question 48

Quadriplegia is to _____ spinal cord damage as paraplegia is to _____ spinal cord damage.

A) lower; upper
B) upper; lower
C) minor; severe
D) severe; minor

Question 49

Taylor has been diagnosed with grand mal seizure disorder. He might experience which of the following while trying to adjust to this condition

A) Stigmatized treatment by others.
B) Possible cognitive impairments that could limit his memory capabilities.
C) Increased seizure activity when emotionally aroused.
D) all of the above

Question 50

Which of the following is TRUE regarding quality of life

A) Factors that influence quality of life vary a great deal in different countries.
B) Around the world, people judge quality of life using similar criteria.
C) Quality of life is difficult to measure cross-culturally.
D) Making adaptive changes has very little effect on quality of life assessments.

Question 51

Which of the following statements reflects the relationship between maladjustment and asthma

A) Maladjustment has not been linked to asthma conditions.
B) The relationship appears to be reciprocal.
C) Asthma may lead to maladjustment but not the other way around.
D) Maladjustment affects asthma but only if the level of maladjustment is severe.

Question 52

The primary site of irritation in the first phase of an asthma attack is

A) the bronchial tubes.
B) the nostrils.
C) the peritoneum.
D) the alveoli.

Question 53

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the prevalence of diabetes

A) It is a fairly rare disease worldwide.
B) It occurs more frequently in children than in adults.
C) It is among the most common chronic conditions in North America.
D) Women who are members of ethnic minority groups are very unlikely to develop the disease.

Question 54

The primary approach to treating diabetes involves

A) medicine use only.
B) dietary changes only.
C) a combination of medicine, dietary changes, and exercise.
D) psychosocial intervention only.

Question 55

The most common cause of death related to spinal cord injury after the spinal shock period is

A) heart disease.
B) renal failure due to repeated infections.
C) stroke.
D) suicide.

Question 56

Which is the BEST thing to do for an individual suffering an epileptic seizure

A) Call an ambulance immediately.
B) Remain calm and protect the epileptic from injury due to falls.
C) Lay the person on his or her back.
D) Put a spoon in his or her mouth to prevent tongue swallowing.

Question 57

For Type I diabetes, the main acute complication that occurs is

A) heart disease.
B) ketoacidosis.
C) hypertension.
D) hypoglycemia.

Question 58

Which of the following has been implicated in the development of diabetes

A) Genetic factors.
B) Viral infections.
C) Dietary factors.
D) all of the above

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing epilepsy

A) Family history.
B) Severe head injury.
C) Central nervous system infections.
D) Low socioeconomic status.

Question 60

Which of the following is a likely trigger of asthma attacks

A) exercise
B) weather changes
C) psychosocial factors
D) all of the above

Question 61

The primary mechanism resulting in the development of osteoarthritis is

A) cancer.
B) excess uric acid.
C) an immune response.
D) physical wear and tear.

Question 62

Research on the relationship between mood and coping with rheumatoid arthritis indicates

A) most patients believed they had control over the course of their disease.
B) patients who believed they had control over their disease showed high levels of distress.
C) patients who saw themselves as active partners in treatment were better adjusted.
D) mood did not correlate with adjustment.

Question 63

The musculoskeletal disorder most likely to be associated with one's occupation is

A) gout.
B) rheumatoid arthritis.
C) osteoarthritis.
D) fibromyalgia.

Question 64

Research on parent and physician goals in diabetic treatment suggests

A) both parents and physicians are focused on preventing long-term complications.
B) parents are concerned with preventing hypoglycemic episodes in their children.
C) physicians are primarily concerned with promoting the day-to-day well-being and activities of these children.
D) physicians and parents have different goals for treatment.

Question 65

Which of the following statements regarding current treatment approaches for Alzheimer's disease is accurate

A) Genetic therapy has been shown to be highly effective.
B) Administration of beta amyloid delays progression of the disease.
C) Physical therapy reduces the likelihood of muscular deterioration.
D) There currently is no effective treatment.

Question 66

The condition called gout is characterized by an excess of

A) peritoneum.
B) insulin
C) uric acid
D) histamine

Question 67

Discuss 3 of the 7 coping strategies for dealing with chronic illness. How will each affect adjustment

Question 68

Common treatment approaches to arthritis include

A) use of pain relief medication.
B) use of physical therapy.
C) use of appropriate assistive devices.
D) all of the above.

Question 69

Research on adherence to diabetes regimen indicates that

A) most diabetics carefully administer recommended insulin doses.
B) self-report information regarding adherence tends to be fairly accurate.
C) adherence to the medical aspects of regimen is higher than that associated with dietary changes.
D) people with diabetes often don't even try to adhere to their regimen.

Question 70

A common early symptom of Alzheimer's disease is loss of

A) sexual function.
B) energy.
C) memory.
D) motor control.

Question 71

Research on caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease has found

A) emotional and physical effects of caregiving varies widely across different cultures.
B) negative health effects are associated with levels of social support and distress.
C) emotional distress tends to be short-lived since the disease progresses so quickly.
D) negative health effects occur only for those caregivers who had poor health to begin with.

Question 72

When treatment responsibility for diabetes regimen shifts to adolescents

A) adherence increases.
B) parents continue to assume primary responsibility.
C) adherence is highest in adolescents with high self-esteem and social competence.
D) hormonal changes are of little concern in diabetic regimen.

Question 73

Regarding the use of biofeedback interventions with patients with epilepsy, research has found

A) it works well with most patients.
B) it does not work effectively in most cases.
C) it is difficult to determine with whom these interventions will be effective.
D) it is an inexpensive intervention and thus should be used more frequently.

Question 74

Which of the following is included in the type of adjustment problems associated with chronic illness

A) Learning to adjust to changes in one's self-image.
B) Coping with disability or pain.
C) Coping with the loss of enjoyable activities or relationships.
D) all of the above

Question 75

Musculoskeletal disorders affecting the joints and connective tissues are called

A) gout.
B) rheumatic disease.
C) congenital disease.
D) renal disease.

Question 76

The progressive loss of cognitive functions, usually in old age, is called

A) dementia.
B) epilepsy.
C) fibromyalgia.
D) neuropathy.

Question 77

Epinephrine may worsen the effects of diabetes by

A) causing the pancreas to decrease insulin production.
B) causing the liver to increase glucose production.
C) causing the liver to secrete insulin.
D) contributing directly to weight gain.

Question 78

According to research, when a parent's child has a serious disease,

A) they tend to have less negative views of those diseases.
B) their views of disease seriousness are exaggerated.
C) their views on disease seriousness are no different than those of parents whose children don't have serious disease.
D) their adjustment levels uniformly tend to be poor.

Question 79

Anna is in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease. Like most victims, she receives her care

A) at home from her spouse and children.
B) in a nursing home.
C) in a hospital.
D) in a day care facility.

Question 80

Stress has which of the following effects on diabetics

A) It results in increases in insulin release.
B) It contributes to increases in blood glucose levels.
C) It has only an indirect effect on blood glucose levels.
D) It is associated with enhanced vigilance to the medical regimen.