Deck 9: Using Health Services

Question 1

Patients rate physician characteristics such as sensitivity and warmth as more critical than
physician competency levels.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Match the following concepts with their descriptions in items :
Widespread symptom perception among a large group of individuals with no confirmed medical basis for the symptom.

A)lay referral system
B)health belief model
C)commonsense model of illness
D)treatment delay
E)mass psychogenic illness

Answer 2

mass psychogenic illness

Question 3

Match the institution listed below with the descriptions in items.
Provide care for individuals needing long-term medical and personal care

A)hospitals
B)nursing homes
C)home health care
D)Medicare
E)universal health care

Answer 3

nursing homes

Question 4

Lack of knowledge regarding prevention and personal beliefs about low susceptibility to illness have been shown to affect the use of health services in low-income people.

Question 5

Match the following concepts with their descriptions in items :
Ideas and expectations about illnesses developed through experience.

A)lay referral system
B)health belief model
C)commonsense model of illness
D)treatment delay
E)mass psychogenic illness

Question 6

Match the institution listed below with the descriptions in items.
Canada's publicly funded health insurance program.

A)hospitals
B)nursing homes
C)home health care
D)Medicare
E)universal health care

Question 7

Match the institution listed below with the descriptions in items.
The most complex facilities in the health care system

A)hospitals
B)nursing homes
C)home health care
D)Medicare
E)universal health care

Question 8

In Canada, home health care has become popular only because of the cost of health procedures.

Question 9

Practitioners tend to overestimate the degree to which patients comply with medical treatments.

Question 10

In terms of the sheer amount of information physicians should give to patients, more is generally better.

Question 11

Match the following concepts with their descriptions in items :
Help interpret a symptom, give advice about seeking medical attentions and recommend a remedy

A)lay referral system
B)health belief model
C)commonsense model of illness
D)treatment delay
E)mass psychogenic illness

Question 12

Match the institution listed below with the descriptions in items.
Health care systems funded by taxes and payroll deductions.

A)hospitals
B)nursing homes
C)home health care
D)Medicare
E)universal health care

Question 13

Match the following concepts with their descriptions in items :
Perceived threat depends on perceived susceptibility and perceived seriousness

A)lay referral system
B)health belief model
C)commonsense model of illness
D)treatment delay
E)mass psychogenic illness

Question 14

The chief advantage of a health care system organized into specialties is

A) good patient doctor communication
B) patients receive the best expertise for each aspect of each problem
C) lower expense
D) faster delivery of services

Question 15

Match the institution listed below with the descriptions in items.
A less expensive option than inpatient care for individuals with chronic illnesses

A)hospitals
B)nursing homes
C)home health care
D)Medicare
E)universal health care

Question 16

Match the following concepts with their descriptions in items :
Major factor is not having pain

A)lay referral system
B)health belief model
C)commonsense model of illness
D)treatment delay
E)mass psychogenic illness

Question 17

Although women contact their physicians more frequently (on average) than do men, this is due
to the increased visits necessitated by pregnancy and childbirth. Taking pregnancy into account, the
utilization rates of medical services are the same for the sexes.

Question 18

Your friend, Tim, has to undergo painful back surgery. The Health Belief Model would predict that he will be reluctant about the surgery unless some definite improvement in his back pain was possible.

Question 19

Bao has a rash on his leg and is trying to decide if he should get some over-the-counter ointment at the pharmacy or go to a dermatologist. Bao is experiencing illness delay.

Question 20

Jacob had some symptoms about which he was concerned. He asked his wife and co workers about them and was urged to contact a doctor. These people constituted a lay referral system.

Question 21

When comparing disability from chronic low back pain in six different countries, in which country was the greatest impairment reported

A) Japan.
B) United States.
C) Italy.
D) Mexico.

Question 22

As part of a study on joint pain, Bill has received an inert substance to control his pain. Bill has received a _____ and his pain is likely to _____.

A) analgesic; go down
B) mild tranquilizer; go up
C) mild tranquilizer; be unaffected
D) placebo; go down

Question 23

Studies of the correlation between self estimates and physiological measures of heart rate and nasal congestion show that

A) people consistently detect only large changes in both.
B) people accurately estimate heart rate but not nasal congestion.
C) people accurately estimate nasal congestion but not heart rate.
D) none of the above

Question 24

Which is a limitation of the American health care system

A) It is not accessible to all Americans.
B) Uninsured people have higher mortality rates than insured individuals.
C) Health care is distributed unequally, even among those who are insured.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 25

Janet's family has a history of breast cancer. When she notices a small lump in her breast, she attributes it to premenstrual symptoms. According to conflict theory, Janet may be engaging in

A) hypervigilant coping.
B) medical student's syndrome.
C) psychogenic illness.
D) Zola's denial.

Question 26

A high school student fainted after eating the "mystery meat special" in the cafeteria. Upon witnessing this, thirty other students who had eaten the same thing subsequently fainted. Tests showed no harmful substances in the air or in the "mystery meat." These students were likely suffering from

A) food poisoning.
B) the placebo effect.
C) psychogenic illness.
D) conversion hysteria.

Question 27

Monique could be described as an internally focused individual. Which of the following behavioural patterns would she be most likely to demonstrate

A) Reporting less pain than do other people.
B) Being more accurate in her perception of internal body changes.
C) Overestimating changes in her bodily functions.
D) Reporting faster recovery from illness than do other people.

Question 28

Which individual below is most likely to notice internal sensations such as pain

A) An Olympic athlete sprinting for the finish.
B) A police officer in pursuit of a felon.
C) A single person at home reading a boring textbook.
D) All will notice internal sensations equally.

Question 29

Marie is American and is considered low-income. Marie's health care services will be covered by:

A) a Medicaid program.
B) a Medicare program.
C) a universal health care system.
D) no health insurance, she will have to pay for services out of pocket.

Question 30

The following services are included in Canada's universal health care system:

A) vision and dental care.
B) prescription medications.
C) psychological counselling services.
D) none of the above.

Question 31

Studies of heat and pain thresholds have shown that

A) people feel pain at widely varying temperatures.
B) heat does not cause pain.
C) almost all individuals report pain at rather uniform temperatures.
D) all individuals report pain at 30 C.

Question 32

Which of the following demonstrates the effect of cognitive factors on symptom perception

A) Research on premenstrual symptoms.
B) Psychogenic illness.
C) Medical student's disease.
D) All of the above.

Question 33

Hospitals are to _____ as nursing homes are to _____.

A) emergency care; long term care
B) long term care; emergency care
C) inpatient services; home health care services
D) outpatient services; inpatient services

Question 34

Which of the following statements about outpatient services is true

A) Their use has been declining in recent years.
B) Outpatient services are much more expensive than inpatient services due to their technology-intensive services.
C) Outpatient services has had no effect on nursing home admissions.
D) Technological advances have made outpatient services a possibility for more patients.

Question 35

The shift from outpatient services occurred for which of the following reasons

A) Declining number of hospitals.
B) Lack of quality health care in this country.
C) An increasing number of healthy people.
D) Rising costs of hospital and nursing home services.

Question 36

Some universal health care systems in countries other than Canada

A) are partly funded with medical savings accounts,
B) cover prescription medications.
C) encourage the use of supplemental private insurance,.
D) all of the above.

Question 37

The Canada Health Act ensures that:

A) Each province covers the same types of care.
B) Mental health therapies services are covered in every part of the country.
C) All citizens have access to medically necessary services without having to pay out of pocket.
D) Doctors can charge for all services.

Question 38

The most complex facilities in the health care system are

A) hospitals
B) nursing homes
C) doctors' offices
D) emergency clinics

Question 39

Which of the following is a contributor to psychogenic illness

A) Modeling.
B) Stress.
C) Emotional factors.
D) All of the above.

Question 40

Commonsense models involve all of the following components except:

A) adherence
B) illness identity
C) causes and underlying pathology
D) time line

Question 41

According to the health belief model, which of the following initiates a decision-making process to seeking medical care

A) Perceiving benefits to be greater than costs.
B) Perceiving costs and seriousness of disease to be significant.
C) The presence of threatening symptoms.
D) The availability of accessible health care.

Question 42

Which of the factors below is not correlated with the frequency of usage of health care services

A) Gender.
B) Socioeconomic status.
C) Income.
D) All of these are correlated with health care usage

Question 43

The difference in health care system usage between males and females

A) may exist because of the hesitance of men to admit having symptoms.
B) disappears if visits for pregnancy are controlled for.
C) illustrates the poor health of females in general.
D) demonstrates that males are healthier than females.

Question 44

Expectations of pain

A) keep 5% of Americans from visiting the dentist.
B) often relate to reluctance to seek cancer care.
C) are perceived as part of cancer.
D) all of the above

Question 45

Before many people seek medical attention they seek advice from friends, relatives or coworkers. These individuals constitute

A) an extended family.
B) a lay referral system.
C) an informal health care network
D) an HMO.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT usually classified as an acute condition

A) Flu.
B) Fractures.
C) Arthritis.
D) Sprains.

Question 47

Alec believes that he can tell by the feeling in his head when his blood pressure is high. He says the feeling goes away quickly if he takes his medicine but can last all night when he doesn't take his medicine. Alec is using a

A) health regimen.
B) commonsense model.
C) medical technique.
D) natural barometer.

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT true regarding lay referral networks

A) The actions they recommend tend to be more accurate than physicians.
B) Their recommendations are likely to make conditions worse.
C) Their recommendations can lead to delay behaviours.
D) Most people in Canada never rely on lay referral networks.

Question 49

Iatrogenic conditions are

A) health problems as a result of medical treatment.
B) present only if practitioners make mistakes.
C) congenital heart defects.
D) likely to affect the heart.

Question 50

People with faulty commonsense models of illness are affected in which of the following ways

A) They may not seek appropriate treatment.
B) They may not adjust well psychologically to an illness they develop.
C) They may be less likely to follow doctor's advice.
D) All of the above.

Question 51

The first health professional with whom many people consult is

A) a dentist.
B) a chiropractor.
C) a pharmacist.
D) a member of their lay referral network.

Question 52

According to research, what is the role of emotions in seeking health care

A) They always increase the likelihood that a person seeks health care.
B) individuals perceive diseases, such as cancer, to be so serious that they avoid seeking medical examinations out of extreme fear and anxiety
C) Emotions tend not to impede seeking medical care.
D) Fear is the single more important variable that prevents people from seeking medical care.

Question 53

Larry finally decides to go to the doctor about his persistent cough after about 2 weeks of steady prodding and encouragement by his wife and daughter. His treatment has likely been triggered by

A) sanctioning.
B) interpersonal crisis.
C) perceived interference.
D) final incentives

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a function of a lay referral system

A) Help interpret symptoms.
B) Perform minor medical procedures.
C) Recommend remedies.
D) Recommend consulting another lay referral person.

Question 55

Indigenous people in Canada face sociocultural and economic barriers to accessing health care because of:

A) living in rural communities where services are harder to access.
B) inability to arrange transportation to clinics and hospitals.
C) language.
D) all of the above

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT usually classified as a chronic condition

A) Arthritis.
B) Flu.
C) Asthma.
D) Diabetes.

Question 57

The time a person takes to interpret a symptom as a sign of illness is called

A) treatment delay.
B) appraisal delay.
C) illness delay.
D) utilization delay.

Question 58

Rare diseases are perceived as _______ than common ones.

A) more serious
B) less serious
C) more likely to be genetically linked
D) more prevalent

Question 59

The lower frequency of health care usage by the lower classes is accounted for partially by

A) a lower incidence of disease.
B) mistrust of the health care system.
C) availability of a regular health care source.
D) the high quality of physicians attracted to low-income regions.

Question 60

Which age group is most likely to visit a physician for chronic disease treatment

A) the elderly
B) adults of all ages
C) children
D) infants

Question 61

Which of the following statements best represents conclusions regarding the impact of nonadherence on health outcomes

A) Nonadherence has little to no impact on health outcomes.
B) Nonadherence tends to make most medicine-taking schedules completely useless.
C) The impact of nonadherence depends on the particular health problem and treatment prescribed.
D) Studies of nonadherence have been inconclusive.

Question 62

Which group is most likely to take their medicine as prescribed

A) Adolescent diabetics.
B) Female diabetics who are concerned with controlling their weight.
C) Arthritic patients over age 55.
D) Adolescents taking antibiotics.

Question 63

Findings on medical adherence indicate that

A) doctors overestimate adherence
B) patients honestly report their adherence.
C) overall adherence rate is 90%.
D) adherence is very easy to measure.

Question 64

The time taken after recognizing a sign of illness until deciding to seek medical attention is called

A) treatment delay.
B) appraisal delay.
C) illness delay.
D) utilization delay.

Question 65

The dissatisfaction with the term "compliance" is

A) that patients rarely follow recommendations anyway.
B) its suggestion that patients reluctantly submit to physicians' authoritarian demands.
C) not a common position in health psychology.
D) only discussed in psychology and not in medicine.

Question 66

The absence of pain is a major factor in treatment delay. A serious problem associated with this fact is

A) it increases the ultimate cost of health care.
B) pain is a major symptom of all diseases.
C) pain is not a major symptom of many serious diseases.
D) disease and pain are unrelated.

Question 67

Compare and contrast inpatient treatment modalities.

Question 68

Research on medical consultations shows that about _______ of physician's statements are giving information to the patient.

A) 10%
B) 38%
C) 50%
D) 65%

Question 69

Which of the following has research shown to play the smallest role in medical regimen noncompliance

A) Patient personality traits.
B) Complexity of regimen.
C) Duration of regimen.
D) Illness severity as judged by patients.

Question 70

An accurate conclusion regarding the effectiveness of alternative medicines is that

A) most physicians use them as frequently as they do prescription medications.
B) some methods appear to have medical value.
C) they have absolutely no value and shouldn't be used.
D) there is an abundance of scientific evidence for their effectiveness.

Question 71

Researchers have found that a major non illness life problem or event will tend to

A) decrease total treatment delay of an illness.
B) increase total treatment delay of an illness.
C) decrease the likelihood of illness.
D) increase impulse delay.

Question 72

Patients describe symptoms for the same health problem differently because

A) they differ in the attention they pay to internal states.
B) they may emphasize a symptom they believe reflects serious illness.
C) they may downplay a symptom they believe reflects serious illness.
D) all of the above

Question 73

Which patient will most likely adjust to their recovery better and recover faster

A) Luisa, whose doctor insists that she follow the prescribed regimen.
B) Melba, who takes an active role in deciding about treatment.
C) Alma, who prefers to let her physician make all the decisions.
D) All will recover equally well and at the same rate.

Question 74

Compare and contrast the American and Canadian health care systems.

Question 75

Which of the following is an example of rational nonadherence

A) Mindy, who stops her diet because she isn't losing weight.
B) Vanessa, who stops buying her medicine because she doesn't have the money.
C) Mike, who skips chemotherapy because it makes him so sick he doesn't feel he can spend quality days with his children.
D) all of the above

Question 76

Which of the behaviours is NOT associated with a "doctor centered'' style of relating

A) Use of medical jargon.
B) Focus on the first problem mentioned by the patient.
C) Asking questions that require only brief answers.
D) Open ended questions.

Question 77

Research on patient memory as related to their interactions with practitioners shows

A) intelligent patients remember more than less intelligent ones.
B) older patients remember less than younger ones.
C) patients remember what they're told first.
D) patients remember most of what their doctors say.

Question 78

Those exhibiting hypochondriasis tend to

A) recognize real symptoms of illness.
B) associate real but benign bodily sensations with illness.
C) make up or imagine bodily sensations.
D) neglect to use the health care system.

Question 79

Perhaps the most important medical benefit of a more patient centered approach is

A) greater patient understanding.
B) increased likelihood of healing.
C) greater amounts of diagnostic information.
D) decreased appointment cancellations.

Question 80

The condition known as chronic fatigue syndrome is a good example that

A) if a medical test can't measure symptoms, the patient is probably hypochondriacal.
B) some illnesses are purely psychosomatic.
C) some medical problems simply can't be confirmed yet by medical tests.
D) chronic fatigue syndrome is not a medically confirmed condition