Deck 3: Cryptography

Question 1

____ provides verification that a message was sent by a particular sender and cannot be refuted.

A) Authentication
C) Authorization
B) Nonrepudiation
D) Integrity

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Bit stream methods commonly use algorithm functions like ____.

A) the XOR operation
C) transposition
B) substitution
D) permutation

Answer 2

A

Question 3

One of the most widely known symmetric encryption cryptosystems is ____.

A) DES
C) RSA
B) WPA
D) AES

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Steganography is technically a form of cryptography.

Question 5

Which cipher uses a stencil or template with holes cut out?

A) Vernam
C) Book
B) Vigenère Square
D) Grille

Question 6

When it comes to cryptosystems, the security of encrypted data is dependent on keeping the encrypting algorithm secret.

Question 7

The most common hybrid cryptography system is based on the ____ key exchange, which is a method for exchanging private keys using public-key encryption.

A) MAC
C) DES
B) RSA
D) Diffie-Hellman

Question 8

Hash functions confirm message identity and integrity.

Question 9

In modulo 26, what happens if a number is larger than 26?

A) The result is 26.
B) An error occurs and the operation stops.
C) Twenty-six is sequentially subtracted from it until the number is in the proper range.
D) Twenty-six is repeatedly divided into the original number until the remainder is in the proper range.

Question 10

Which algorithm was the first asymmetric, or public-key, encryption algorithm developed (in 1977) and published for commercial use?

A) MAC
C) DES
B) RSA
D) AES

Question 11

Which cipher is made from a table of 26 distinct cipher alphabets?

A) Vernam
C) Caesar
B) Polyalphabetic substitution
D) Vigenère Square

Question 12

Which symmetric encryption cryptosystems was developed to replace both DES and 3DES?

A) DES
C) RSA
B) WEP
D) AES

Question 13

____ is an open-source protocol framework for security development within the TCP/IP family of protocol standards.

A) RSA
C) SSH
B) IPSec
D) SSL

Question 14

Hash ____ are mathematical functions that create a hash value, also known as a message digest, by converting variable-length messages into a single fixed-length value.

A) digests
C) algorithms
B) keys
D) codes

Question 15

Which cipher simply rearranges the values within a block to create the ciphertext?

A) Transposition
C) Caesar
B) Substitution
D) Vigenère Square

Question 16

When deploying ciphers, users have to decide on the ____ of the cryptovariable or key.

A) security
C) size
B) symmetry
D) transportability

Question 17

Digital signatures are encrypted messages that can be mathematically proven authentic.

Question 18

Public-key encryption is based on a ____.

A) message authentication code (MAC)
C) hash value
B) certificate
D) key

Question 19

The XOR encryption method should be used by itself when an organization is transmitting or storing sensitive data.

Question 20

Encryption methodologies that require the same secret key to encipher and decipher the message are using ____ encryption or symmetric encryption.

A) public key
C) monoalphabetic
B) private key
D) monolithic

Question 21

Match each item with a statement below.
a.Algorithm
f.Encipher
b.Cryptosystem
g.Steganography
c.Cryptogram
h.Substitution
d.Code
i.Transposition
e.Decipher
To encrypt, encode, or convert plaintext into the equivalent ciphertext

Question 22

In a(n) ____________________ attack, the attacker eavesdrops on the victim's session and uses statistical analysis of patterns and inter-keystroke timings to discern sensitive session information.

Question 23

Match each item with a statement below.
a.Algorithm
f.Encipher
b.Cryptosystem
g.Steganography
c.Cryptogram
h.Substitution
d.Code
i.Transposition
e.Decipher
An encryption method or process encompassing the algorithm, key(s) and/or cryptovariable(s), and procedures used to perform encryption and decryption

Question 24

Match each item with a statement below.
a.Algorithm
f.Encipher
b.Cryptosystem
g.Steganography
c.Cryptogram
h.Substitution
d.Code
i.Transposition
e.Decipher
To decrypt, decode, or convert ciphertext into the equivalent plaintext

Question 25

Match each item with a statement below.
a.Algorithm
f.Encipher
b.Cryptosystem
g.Steganography
c.Cryptogram
h.Substitution
d.Code
i.Transposition
e.Decipher
The encoded message resulting from an encryption

Question 26

Match each item with a statement below.
a.Algorithm
f.Encipher
b.Cryptosystem
g.Steganography
c.Cryptogram
h.Substitution
d.Code
i.Transposition
e.Decipher
The process of replacing plaintext values with other values to form ciphertext

Question 27

Match each item with a statement below.
a.Algorithm
f.Encipher
b.Cryptosystem
g.Steganography
c.Cryptogram
h.Substitution
d.Code
i.Transposition
e.Decipher
The process of converting components (words or phrases) of an unencrypted message into encrypted components

Question 28

The ____ protocol is used for public-key encryption to secure a channel over the Internet.

A) RSA
C) SSH
B) IPSec
D) SSL

Question 29

Where is information most vulnerable?

A) When it is inside the organization's systems
B) When it is outside the organization's systems
C) When it is being saved on a backup tape inside the organization's systems
D) When it is being saved to a Microsoft product inside the organization's systems

Question 30

____ builds on the encoding format of the MIME protocol and uses digital signatures based on public-key cryptosystems to secure e-mail.

A) S/MIME
C) SSH
B) PGP
D) SSL

Question 31

Match each item with a statement below.
a.Algorithm
f.Encipher
b.Cryptosystem
g.Steganography
c.Cryptogram
h.Substitution
d.Code
i.Transposition
e.Decipher
The hiding of messages in such a way that no one but the sender and intended recipient of the message even knows a message exists

Question 32

The science of encryption, known as ____________________, encompasses both cryptography and cryptanalysis.

Question 33

____________________ keys are limited-use symmetric keys for temporary communications; they allow two organizations to conduct quick, efficient, secure communications based on symmetric encryption.

Question 34

Match each item with a statement below.
a.Algorithm
f.Encipher
b.Cryptosystem
g.Steganography
c.Cryptogram
h.Substitution
d.Code
i.Transposition
e.Decipher
The programmatic steps used to convert an unencrypted message into an encrypted sequence of bits that represents the message

Question 35

Digital ____ authenticate the cryptographic key that is embedded in the certificate.

A) logs
C) certificates
B) hashes
D) signatures

Question 36

An X.509 v3 certificate binds a ____, which uniquely identifies a certificate entity, to a user's public key.

A) signature
C) certificate
B) hash value
D) distinguished name (DN)

Question 37

Match each item with a statement below.
a.Algorithm
f.Encipher
b.Cryptosystem
g.Steganography
c.Cryptogram
h.Substitution
d.Code
i.Transposition
e.Decipher
The process of rearranging plaintext values to form ciphertext

Question 38

Digital ____________________ are public-key container files that allow computer programs to validate the key and identify to whom it belongs.

Question 39

____________________ functions are mathematical algorithms that generate a message summary or digest (sometimes called a fingerprint) that can be used to confirm the identity of a specific message and/or confirm that there have not been any changes to the content.

Question 40

What protocol is planned as a replacement for TKIP in WPA?

A) AES
C) SSH
B) RSN
D) RSA

Question 41

What is salting and how does it help reduce rainbow attacks?

Question 42

Describe the exclusive OR operation (XOR) function and explain where XOR encryption is used.

Question 43

Describe Public Key Infrastructure (PKI).

Question 44

Explain how to perform the Vernam cipher encryption operation.

Question 45

What is a mathematical trapdoor and how is it used with encryption?

Question 46

Why is WEP considered to be too weak for use in most network settings?

Question 47

Briefly describe the PGP algorithm, including its functionality and two general versions.

Question 48

Why was WPA2 created?

Question 49

Why is asymmetric encryption commonly referred to as public-key encryption?

Question 50

Describe three functions of a certificate authority (CA).