Deck 5: Integumentary System

Question 1

In which layer of the epidermis are lamellar bodies formed inside keratinocytes?

A) stratum corneum
B) stratum spinosum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum basale
E) stratum lucidum

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which cells of the epidermis are part of the immune system?

A) keratinocytes
B) Langerhans cells
C) melanocytes
D) fibroblasts
E) Merkel cells

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Melanoma can be detected early and treated with the application of a special rule. Which of the following is NOT a test used to determine if a mole is cancerous?

A) freckles
B) diameter
C) border
D) asymmetry
E) color

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Fingerprints and footprints are produced by projections into the epidermis called

A) cleavage lines.
B) dermal striae.
C) dermal papillae.
D) reticular lines.
E) melanocytes.

Question 5

Which type of skin cancer is the most common?

A) Kaposi's sarcoma
B) melanoma
C) psoriasis
D) basal cell carcinoma
E) squamous cell carcinoma

Question 6

Keratinocytes

A) produce skin pigments in cell organelles called melanosomes.
B) are responsible for the reduction of water loss from the skin.
C) determine thickness of the skin.
D) are special cells of the immune system.
E) are found in both the dermal and the epidermal layers of the skin.

Question 7

The epidermis

A) is composed of loose connective tissue.
B) is made up mostly of melanocytes.
C) is composed of the reticular and papillary layers.
D) is thicker than the dermis.
E) contains no blood vessels.

Question 8

Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is true?

A) The epidermis contains numerous blood vessels.
B) The epidermis is very permeable to water-soluble molecules.
C) The epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis.
D) The most numerous cells in the epidermis are the melanocytes.
E) The dermis is superficial to the epidermis.

Question 9

Which of the following functions is associated with the skin?

A) fat production
B) protection against ultraviolet radiation of the sun
C) vitamin A production
D) regulation of body pH
E) vitamin C production

Question 10

A malfunction of the process of keratinization results in the condition known as

A) acne.
B) psoriasis.
C) jaundice.
D) cyanosis.
E) impetigo.

Question 11

The stratum basale

A) contains cells that undergo meiosis to form new epidermal cells.
B) has a mixture of living and dead cells - mostly dead.
C) is easily shed when you rub your hands together.
D) contains many blood vessels that nourish the epidermis.
E) contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells.

Question 12

Which type of skin cancer is the most deadly?

A) Kaposi's sarcoma
B) basal cell carcinoma
C) melanoma
D) squamous cell carcinoma
E) psoriasis

Question 13

The term "stratum germinativum" is sometimes used to refer to the

A) stratum granulosum.
B) stratum basale.
C) stratum lucidum.
D) stratum spinosum.
E) stratum corneum.

Question 14

As skin cells move toward the surface of the body, they produce a protein that reduces water loss. This process is called

A) desquamation.
B) pollination.
C) keratinization.
D) germination.
E) melaninization.

Question 15

Parallel curving ridges of dermis that shape the overlying epidermis into fingerprints

A) improve the grip of the hands.
B) are caused by the pattern of the reticular layer of the dermis.
C) are associated with thin skin.
D) decrease friction on surfaces where they are located.
E) tend to make the surface smooth.

Question 16

This condition is characterized by a thicker-than-normal stratus corneum producing large silvery scales.

A) eczema
B) psoriasis
C) vitiligo
D) decubitus ulcer
E) bullae

Question 17

Keratinization

A) occurs in the dermis.
B) produces a layer of cells that resist abrasion.
C) determines skin color.
D) results in the formation of new epidermal cells.
E) does not affect permeability characteristics of the epidermis.

Question 18

The layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis and forms new epidermal cells is the

A) stratum lucidum.
B) stratum granulosum.
C) stratum basale.
D) stratum corneum.
E) stratum dermum.

Question 19

In which layer of the epidermis are granules of keratohyalin formed?

A) stratum basale
B) stratum granulosum
C) stratum spinosum
D) stratum corneum
E) stratum lucidum

Question 20

The layer of epithelium that covers the skin is called the

A) hypodermis.
B) epidermis.
C) dermis.
D) papillary layer.
E) mesodermis.

Question 21

The bluish tinge of skin due to a reduction of oxygen in the blood is called

A) desquamation.
B) hemolysis.
C) cyanosis.
D) carotenosis.
E) albinism.

Question 22

This layer is found only in thick skin.

A) stratum corneum
B) stratum granulosum
C) stratum lucidum
D) stratum basale
E) stratum spinosum

Question 23

Which of the following represents the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from the deepest to the most superficial?

A) stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum
B) stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum spinosum, and stratum corneum
C) stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, and stratum granulosum
D) stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum, stratum basale, and stratum spinosum
E) stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Question 24

Which layer of the epidermis is found in only a few areas of the body?

A) stratum lucidum
B) stratum spinosum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum corneum
E) stratum basale

Question 25

The blue color of superficial blood vessels results from

A) a lack of oxygen in the blood.
B) the light-scattering properties of collagen.
C) the superficial location of skin pigments.
D) an increase in arterial blood circulating in the area.
E) a lack of melanin in the area.

Question 26

Skin color is the result of the

A) amount of fat in the hypodermis.
B) quantity of melanin in the skin.
C) number of melanocytes in the skin.
D) number of keratinocytes in the skin.
E) thickness of the stratum basale.

Question 27

Excessive shedding of this layer of the epidermis of the scalp is responsible for dandruff.

A) stratum corneum
B) stratum basale
C) stratum lucidum
D) stratum granulosum
E) stratum spinosum

Question 28

Light-skinned races such as Caucasians have

A) approximately the same number of melanocytes as races with darker skins.
B) more melanocytes than races with darker skins.
C) fewer melanocytes than races with darker skins.
D) more melanin in their skin.
E) a different kind of melanin in their skin.

Question 29

This layer of skin is composed of keratinocytes.

A) epidermis
B) hypodermis
C) papillary layer
D) reticular layer
E) stretch marks

Question 30

Melanin

A) is transferred to other cells by osmosis.
B) is absent in individuals known as albinos.
C) is a pigment produced by cells in the stratum corneum.
D) makes the skin lighter.
E) is increased with exposure to infrared light.

Question 31

What protein is found in the nails, hair, and epidermis?

A) keratin
B) collagen
C) melanin
D) elastin
E) carotene

Question 32

This epidermal stratum has several layers of cells held together by desmosomes.

A) stratum granulosum
B) stratum spinosum
C) stratum lucidum
D) stratum basale
E) stratum corneum

Question 33

What will develop when the skin is subjected to excess friction or pressure?

A) papillae
B) stretch marks
C) callus
D) melanoma
E) carcinoma

Question 34

The layer of the epidermis in which there is the greatest amount of mitotic activity.

A) stratum granulosum
B) stratum corneum
C) stratum lucidum
D) stratum spinosum
E) stratum basale

Question 35

Which of the following statements regarding melanin is true?

A) Men produce more melanin than women.
B) In Addison's disease, less melanin is produced.
C) During pregnancy melanin production is increased.
D) Both melanocytes and keratinocytes produce melanin.
E) Melanin is a white pigment.

Question 36

Exposure to ultraviolet light causes the skin to darken by stimulating the

A) breakdown of carotene.
B) breakdown of melanin.
C) activity of the keratinocytes.
D) activity of the enzyme tyrosinase.
E) buildup of bilirubin.

Question 37

This stratum contains many layers of dead squamous cells.

A) stratum lucidum
B) stratum spinosum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum basale
E) stratum corneum

Question 38

Melanin production can be influenced by

A) genetics.
B) hormones.
C) exposure to sunlight.
D) pregnancy.
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 39

Thick skin

A) has three different epidermal strata.
B) has fewer layers of cells in the stratum corneum than thin skin.
C) is found in areas subject to pressure or friction such as palms.
D) is found covering most of the body.
E) is determined by the thickness of the dermis.

Question 40

Thin skin has only four epithelial strata. It lacks which of the following?

A) stratum basale
B) stratum granulosum
C) stratum spinosum
D) stratum lucidum
E) stratum corneum

Question 41

Which of the following is an inflammatory condition of the skin?

A) dermatitis.
B) albinism.
C) melanosomes.
D) carotene.
E) cyanosis.

Question 42

Cedric slipped and cut his finger. The cut bled, but did not penetrate to the hypodermis. The deepest layer penetrated was the

A) stratum corneum.
B) papillary layer of the dermis.
C) stratum spinosum.
D) stratum basale.
E) stratum granulosum.

Question 43

Stretch marks develop on the abdomen of pregnant women because of stretching and rupture of the

A) epidermis.
B) melanocytes.
C) stratum corneum.
D) hypodermis.
E) dermis.

Question 44

The skin discoloration most likely to result from liver disease is

A) cyanosis.
B) jaundice.
C) hematoma.
D) pallor.
E) erythema.

Question 45

Melanin is produced only by

A) keratinocytes.
B) Langerhans cells.
C) melanocytes.
D) basal cells.
E) Merkel's cells.

Question 46

Adipose tissue in the hypodermis

A) provides protection against infection.
B) serves as a storage site for fat, which can be used for energy.
C) connects the dermis with the epidermis.
D) is absent in infants.
E) helps to lower body temperature.

Question 47

If you accidentally cut your arm and see connective tissue and fat, which layer(s) was/were cut?

A) stratum corneum
B) stratum basale
C) dermis
D) hypodermis
E) all of these layers

Question 48

A genetic disease characterized by the inability to produce melanin is

A) cyanosis.
B) melanosomes.
C) albinism.
D) carotene.
E) dermatitis.

Question 49

A subcutaneous injection delivers medication into the

A) joint.
B) dermis.
C) hypodermis.
D) muscle.
E) epidermis.

Question 50

When comparing the dermis with the hypodermis, the dermis

A) is a more vascular tissue than the hypodermis.
B) and the hypodermis do not contain collagen.
C) contains melanocytes; the hypodermis does not.
D) is divided into two layers; the hypodermis is not.
E) has more fat cells than the hypodermis.

Question 51

Vitamin C is essential for normal collagen synthesis. If a child suffered from a vitamin C deficiency, which layer of the skin would be most affected?

A) epidermis
B) stratum basale
C) stratum corneum
D) stratum granulosum
E) reticular layer of dermis

Question 52

Inflammation of the skin is called dermatitis or

A) psoriasis.
B) vitiligo.
C) bullae.
D) eczema.
E) decubitus ulcer.

Question 53

Rupturing the dermis may cause these to develop.

A) reticular layer
B) papillary layer
C) hypodermis
D) epidermis
E) stretch marks

Question 54

This is the main fibrous layer of the dermis.

A) hypodermis
B) stretch marks
C) reticular layer
D) papillary layer
E) epidermis

Question 55

This is the dermal layer closest to the epidermis.

A) epidermis
B) reticular layer
C) papillary layer
D) stretch marks
E) hypodermis

Question 56

The dermis

A) does not contain connective tissue.
B) is divided into three distinct layers.
C) functions as padding and insulation.
D) contains no blood vessels.
E) is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength.

Question 57

A yellow pigment derived from plants that can impart a yellow color to the skin is

A) albinism.
B) cyanosis.
C) carotene.
D) dermatitis.
E) melanosomes.

Question 58

The vesicles that contain melanin are

A) cyanosis.
B) carotene.
C) dermatitis.
D) albinism.
E) melanosomes.

Question 59

This condition involves the development of white patches on the skin caused by the loss of melanocytes.

A) psoriasis
B) decubitus ulcer
C) eczema
D) bullae
E) vitiligo

Question 60

A victim of an automobile accident goes into shock, which results in decreased blood flow. The victim's skin will

A) have a reddish hue.
B) not change color.
C) become bright red.
D) become pale.
E) develop a yellow tint.

Question 61

All of the following statements concerning hair are true except one. Identify the exception.

A) In pattern baldness, those hair follicles present begin to produce vellus hair.
B) Hair growth occurs in cycles, with growth and resting stages.
C) Some loss of hair is normal and indicates old hairs are being pushed out by new hairs.
D) Genetic factors and testosterone cause pattern baldness.
E) The growth rate of all types of hair is the same.

Question 62

Baldness

A) occurs only in men.
B) is more common in men than in women.
C) is not genetic.
D) is related to estrogen levels.
E) is related to levels of growth hormone.

Question 63

At birth the hairs of the scalp, eyelids, and eyebrows are replaced by coarser pigmented hairs called

A) lanugo hairs.
B) primary hairs.
C) pubic hairs.
D) vellus hairs.
E) terminal hairs.

Question 64

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Sebaceous secretions are lipid soluble.
B) Secretions from sebaceous glands oil the hair and skin.
C) Secretions from sebaceous glands provide protection against bacteria.
D) Most sebaceous glands are connected by a duct to the upper portion of the hair follicle.
E) Sebaceous glands are an example of apocrine glands.

Question 65

Which of the following statements is true?

A) The hair follicle has a hypodermal root sheath.
B) Both the hair root and hair shaft contain living cells.
C) The matrix forms the hair surface.
D) The hair follicle is not associated with sebaceous glands.
E) Undamaged hair follicles can help regenerate damaged epithelium.

Question 66

The central axis of the hair is the

A) shaft.
B) cuticle.
C) root.
D) medulla.
E) hair bulb.

Question 67

Bob was completely bald on the top of his head by the time he was 35 years of age. Bob noticed he produced abundant sweat on his head when he exercised. He also noticed that his scalp was no longer oily. Which of the following changes account for the observations? (1) He has fewer functional hair follicles now.
(2) He has fewer functional sebaceous glands now.
(3) He has fewer merocrine sweat glands now.
(4) He has fewer apocrine sweat glands now.

A) 1, 3, 4
B) 1, 2, 3, 4
C) 1, 2
D) 1, 2, 4
E) 1, 2, 3

Question 68

The portion of a hair that protrudes above the surface of the skin is the

A) hair root.
B) hair follicle.
C) hair shaft.
D) hair bulb.
E) dermal papilla.

Question 69

That portion of the hair that extends above the surface of the skin is the

A) cuticle.
B) hair bulb.
C) root.
D) medulla.
E) shaft.

Question 70

The outer surface of the hair is called the

A) medulla.
B) shaft.
C) hair bulb.
D) cuticle.
E) root.

Question 71

This is the site of fat storage in the skin.

A) epidermis
B) papillary layer
C) reticular layer
D) hypodermis
E) stretch marks

Question 72

Which of the following statements concerning the hypodermis is false?

A) The hypodermis attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle.
B) Hypodermis is composed of dense connective tissue with collagen and elastin fibers.
C) Hypodermis is referred to as subcutaneous tissue.
D) The main cell types of the hypodermis are fibroblasts, fat cells, and macrophages.
E) The hypodermis is a site of fat storage.

Question 73

When the arrector pili muscles contract

A) the body is able to lose heat.
B) no change is noted on the skin surface.
C) the hair on your arms and legs begins to curl.
D) the sweat glands empty their contents onto the surface of the skin.
E) "goose bumps" form on the skin.

Question 74

Delicate unpigmented hairs that cover the fetus in early development are called

A) terminal hairs.
B) secondary hairs.
C) primary hairs.
D) vellus hairs.
E) lanugo hairs.

Question 75

Lead poisoning can be detected by doing an analysis of

A) sweat.
B) skin folds.
C) hair.
D) skin.
E) nails.

Question 76

Which of the following hair colors is the result of a decrease in melanin?

A) red
B) white
C) brown
D) auburn
E) black

Question 77

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Hair in the axillary region is vellus hair after puberty.
B) At puberty, much of the vellus hair is replaced with terminal hair.
C) Both vellus and terminal hairs are pigmented.
D) In males, the hairs of the beard are vellus hairs.
E) The majority of hair on the chest is vellus hair.

Question 78

The length of hair is determined by the

A) size of the hair bulb.
B) age of the person.
C) length of the resting stage.
D) angle of the hair root.
E) rate of hair growth.

Question 79

An expanded knob at the base of the hair root is the

A) medulla.
B) cuticle.
C) hair bulb.
D) root.
E) shaft.

Question 80

The portion of the hair below the surface of the skin is the

A) medulla.
B) shaft.
C) cuticle.
D) root.
E) hair bulb.