Deck 27: Animals

Question 1

Which of the following types of cell cleavage is found most often for deuterostomes?

A) radial, indeterminate cleavage
B) spiral, determinate cleavage
C) radial, determinate cleavage
D) spiral, indeterminate cleavage

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is the developing gut for most animal embryos?

A) mesoglea
B) blastopore
C) schizocoelom
D) archenteron

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which term refers to an animal that is unable to undergo locomotion under its own power?

A) sedentary
B) prehensile
C) motile
D) sessile

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following most closely resemble the earliest ancestor of all animals?

A) colonial, flagellated protists
B) unicellular protozoa
C) colonial algae
D) gram-negative bacteria

Question 5

For most metazoans, what is the name of the middle tissue layer during development?

A) mesoglea
B) mesoderm
C) ectoderm

Question 6

For most protostomes, what is the developmental origin of the body cavity between the gut and muscles of the body wall?

A) schizocoelom
B) enterocoelom
C) mesoglea
D) blastopore

Question 7

What is the name of the main embryonic cell layer from which the muscles of the body wall are derived in most metazoans?

A) mesoderm
B) endoderm
C) ectoderm
D) mesoglea

Question 8

Based on molecular analysis, which of the following appears to be least meaningful for inferring animal phylogenic relationships?

A) morphological patterns
B) radial symmetry in the Radiata
C) mitochondrial DNA sequences
D) body cavity differences

Question 9

Which of the following types of cell cleavage is found most often for protostomes?

A) spiral, indeterminate cleavage
B) radial, indeterminate cleavage
C) radial, determinate cleavage
D) spiral, determinate cleavage

Question 10

For most animal embryos, what is the name of the initial opening between the developing gut and the outside environment?

A) mesoglea
B) blastopore
C) schizocoelom
D) archenteron

Question 11

For most metazoans, what is the name of the outermost tissue layer during development?

A) ectoderm
B) endoderm
C) mesoderm

Question 12

For most metazoans, what is the name of the innermost tissue layer during development?

A) mesoderm
B) endoderm
C) ectoderm

Question 13

Which term refers to groups of cells that share a common structure and function?

A) organ systems
B) organs
C) tissues
D) colonies

Question 14

What was the deciding factor that helped researchers determine whether Riftia is an animal or a plant?

A) It lives on a seafloor.
B) It has a process analogous to photosynthesis.
C) It lacks cell walls and chloroplasts.
D) It is involved in symbiotic relationships.

Question 15

What is the name of the main embryonic cell layer from which the nervous system is derived in most metazoans?

A) endoderm
B) mesoglea
C) mesoderm
D) ectoderm

Question 16

Which term refers to animals that have a fluid-filled cavity that separates the gut from the muscles of the body wall and which is completely lined by the peritoneum?

A) coelomate
B) pseudocoelomate
C) indeterminate
D) mesenteries

Question 17

Which term refers to animals that do NOT have a body cavity that separates the gut from the muscles of the body wall?

A) indeterminate
B) acoelomate
C) pseudocoelomate
D) mesenteries

Question 18

Which phylum has members that exhibit radial symmetry, with their body parts arranged regularly around a central axis?

A) Porifera
B) Cnidaria
C) Chordata
D) Platyhelminthes

Question 19

Which of the following describes the nutritional strategy of animals?

A) autotrophy, as either absorbing other life forms or by living in a parasitic association with them
B) heterotrophy, as either absorbing other life forms or by living in a symbiotic association with them
C) autotrophy, as either eating other life forms or by living in a symbiotic association with them
D) heterotrophy, as either eating other life forms or by living in a parasitic association with them

Question 20

Which embryonic cell layer develops into the lining of the gut in most metazoans?

A) mesoglea
B) ectoderm
C) endoderm

Question 21

Based on modern molecular phylogeny, which animal taxon has members with radial symmetry?

A) Ecdysozoa
B) Deuterostomia
C) Radiata
D) Protostomia

Question 22

Which lineage of Cnidarians exist primarily as cube-shaped medusae, are active swimmers, and produce one of the deadliest toxins made by animals?

A) Hydrozoa
B) Trematoda
C) Cubozoa
D) Anthozoa

Question 23

Suppose that you found an animal that is dorsoventrally flattened and lacking circulatory system?

A) Mollusca
B) Annelida
C) Rotifera
D) Platyhelminthes

Question 24

Which lineage of Cnidarians exist only as polyps as adults, build calcium carbonate exoskeletons, and have a mutualistic relationship with photosynthetic protists?

A) Scyphozoa
B) Anthozoa
C) Cubozoa
D) Hydrozoa

Question 25

Consider the ringlike patterns on an earthworm and "six-pack abs" in humans. In an animal's body plan, what are they both evidence of?

A) radial symmetry
B) cleavage
C) segmentation
D) mesenteries

Question 26

Which phylum is associated with all of these terms: asymmetry, choanocytes, filter feeding, osculum, and spicules?

A) Porifera
B) Nematoda
C) Ctenophora
D) Nemertea

Question 27

Which of the following describes spicules?

A) They are complicated pore openings and passageways found in sponges.
B) They are fibrous skeletal proteins found in sponges.
C) They are needlelike skeletal structures made up of silica or calcium carbonate found in sponges.
D) They are specialized digestive cells found in sponges.

Question 28

Which phylum contains members that do NOT exhibit true segmentation?

A) Chordata
B) Nemertea
C) Arthropoda
D) Annelida

Question 29

Which animal taxon is named for the cuticle or external skeleton that its members secrete and periodically moult?

A) Reptilia
B) Deuterostomia
C) Protostomia
D) Ecdysozoa

Question 30

Which phylum is a member of the Radiata?

A) Porifera
B) Nemertea
C) Rotifera
D) Ctenophora

Question 31

Suppose that you have found an animal enclosed within two shells hinged together with elastic ligament. What class does this animal most likely belong to?

A) Bivalvia
B) Monoplacophora
C) Polyplacophora
D) Gastropoda

Question 32

Based on modern molecular phylogeny, which of the following is a derived characteristic within Lophotrochozoa?

A) multicellularity
B) tissues
C) U-shaped fold
D) schizocoelom

Question 33

Which of the following lineages of Cnidarians have both polyp and medusa stages in their life cycles-with the polyp stage typically forming a colony-and includes species of Obelia?

A) Anthozoa
B) Trematoda
C) Hydrozoa
D) Cubozoa

Question 34

Which class is made up of members commonly called chitons?

A) Cephalopoda
B) Scaphopoda
C) Polyplacophora
D) Gastropoda

Question 35

Which phylum includes members with radial symmetry that use their two tentacles to capture prey?

A) Cnidaria
B) Ctenophora
C) Rotifera
D) Nematoda

Question 36

What is the name of the specialized stinging cells that jellyfishes have as part of their epidermis, and which they use to paralyze small prey?

A) tentacles
B) flame cells
C) choanocytes
D) cnidocytes

Question 37

What helps maintain a constant flow of water through sponges?

A) the beating flagella of porocytes
B) the beating flagella of amoeboid cells
C) the beating flagella of choanocytes
D) the beating flagella of pinacoderm

Question 38

Which of the following secrete spicules?

A) sperm
B) porocytes
C) choanocytes
D) amoeboid cells

Question 39

Suppose that you found an animal that has radial symmetry and nematocysts, and may have polyp or medusa forms (or both) as an adult. What is it most likely?

A) a rotifer
B) a cnidarian
C) a poriferan
D) a nematode

Question 40

Which lineage of cnidarians includes adults that are predominately medusae and the true jellyfishes?

A) Anthozoa
B) Hydrozoa
C) Scyphozoa
D) Cubozoa

Question 41

Which class includes octopuses, squids, and nautiluses?

A) Polyplacophora
B) Cephalopoda
C) Bivalvia
D) Gastropoda

Question 42

What is the reason that cephalopods have a closed circulatory system?

A) They live in groups.
B) They are dormant and do not need a lot of oxygen.
C) They are highly active and need a lot of oxygen.
D) They are solitary.

Question 43

What is the name of a lineage of flatworms that are endoparasites of vertebrates?

A) Cestoda
B) Turbellaria
C) Trematoda
D) Hirudinea

Question 44

Which class is composed mostly of terrestrial earthworms?

A) Monogenoidea
B) Cestoda
C) Oligochaeta
D) Polychaeta

Question 45

Which flatworms are parasites of vertebrates and have a head modified into a scolex with hooks and suckers for attaching to places such as the intestinal wall of hosts?

A) Trematoda
B) Cestoda
C) Turbellaria
D) Polychaeta

Question 46

Which flatworms are free living and are found mostly in marine environments?

A) Turbellaria
B) Trematoda
C) Polychaeta
D) Cestoda

Question 47

Suppose that your friend travelled to Southeast Asia and ate fish meat there, becoming sick afterward. Which parasite is it most likely that your friend ingested along with the fish?

A) flatworm
B) leech
C) tapeworm
D) fluke

Question 48

Which Lophotrochozoa phylum contains the most species, with about 100 000 described living species?

A) Nemertea
B) Mollusca
C) Annelida
D) Rotifera

Question 49

Suppose that you found an animal that has a wheel-like, ciliated, food-gathering organ around its head called a corona. Which animal is it most likely?

A) Mollusca
B) Rotifera
C) Nemertea
D) Platyhelminthes

Question 50

Which phylum includes the lineages Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Cephalopoda?

A) Platyhelminthes
B) Rotifera
C) Annelida
D) Mollusca

Question 51

What do ribbon worms use to strike prey?

A) clitellum
B) septum
C) parapodium
D) proboscis

Question 52

What is the name of the paired excretory organs found in most body segments of segmented worms?

A) parapodia
B) metanephridia
C) setae
D) clitella

Question 53

What term refers to specialized cells that serve as a simple excretory system in flatworms?

A) choanocytes
B) cnidocytes
C) tentacles
D) flame cells

Question 54

Which class includes slugs and snails?

A) Cephalopoda
B) Gastropoda
C) Scaphopoda
D) Bivalvia

Question 55

Suppose that you found an unsegmented worm in marine environment where you went diving. It may be the longest worm you have ever seen. Which Lophotrochozoa phylum would it most likely belong to?

A) Rotifera
B) Nemertea
C) Platyhelminthes
D) Mollusca

Question 56

Suppose that you swam in a lake and you encountered very small animals (less than 3 mm) that had cilia on one side of the body and scales on another. Which animal is it most likely that encountered?

A) ribbon worm
B) snail
C) hairy back
D) leech

Question 57

Which class includes members that have a pair of shells which are hinged together?

A) Bivalvia
B) Scaphopoda
C) Cephalopoda
D) Polyplacophora

Question 58

Supposed that you found a few animals that all have their bodies divided into three regions, called the visceral mass, head-foot, and mantle. Which phylum do they all most likely belong to?

A) Rotifera
B) Mollusca
C) Nemertea
D) Platyhelminthes

Question 59

Suppose that your friend ate pork and became sick afterward. Which parasite is it most likely that your friend ingested along with the pork meat?

A) flatworm
B) leech
C) earthworm
D) tapeworm

Question 60

Suppose that you are dissecting an animal that has a highly segmented body with many repeating units that are usually separated by transverse partitions called septa. Which animal are you most likely dissecting?

A) an annelid
B) a mollusc
C) a platyhelminth
D) a rotifer

Question 61

Which Ecdysozoan phylum contains animals called roundworms that are so plentiful in soil and other places that they may be the most abundant animals on Earth?

A) Nematoda
B) Nemertea
C) Annelida
D) Arthropoda

Question 62

Which phylum includes members that have bilaterally symmetrical larvae but exhibit secondary radial symmetry as adults, usually organized around five rays, or "arms"?

A) Chordata
B) Arthropoda
C) Echinodermata
D) Cnidaria

Question 63

Which subphylum is composed mostly of insects?

A) Trilobita
B) Hexapoda
C) Crustacea
D) Chelicerata

Question 64

Which Ecdysozoa phylum contains the 65 species of velvet worms?

A) Arthropoda
B) Nematoda
C) Onychophora
D) Nemertea

Question 65

Which Ecdysozoa phylum includes insects, spiders, crustaceans, millipedes, and centipedes?

A) Onychophora
B) Nematoda
C) Arthropoda
D) Nemertea

Question 66

Which of the following describes the postembryonic development, called complete metamorphosis, in members of the order Diptera (flies)?

A) a single, wingless nymph instar followed by several winged adult instars
B) a series of young instars that become more and more like an adult, ending with a wingless adult instar
C) a series of nymph instars that lack functional wings, ending with an adult instar with functional wings
D) several instars of often wormlike larvae, followed by a stage where they are a sessile pupa, and then ending in an adult stage that is very different from the larval instars

Question 67

What is a Malpighian tubule?

A) a filamentous projection of the mantle
B) an abdominal appendage in some arthropods that secretes silk
C) a muscular sac used for extending tube feet in echinoderms
D) a specialized tube in some arthropods that is used for waste processing

Question 68

What is the structure through which water enters the water vascular system of a sea star?

A) ampulla
B) radial canal
C) madreporite
D) ring canal

Question 69

What is the name of the mesoderm-derived, calcium-stiffened structures that comprise the internal skeleton of echinoderms?

A) ampullae
B) ossicles
C) madreporites
D) radial canals

Question 70

Members of the order Hemiptera (true bugs) go through postembryonic development called incomplete metamorphosis. What are the stages of this process?

A) several instars of often wormlike larvae, followed by a stage where they are a sessile pupa, and then ending in an adult stage that is very different from the larval stages
B) a series of nymph instars that lack functional wings, ending with an adult instar with functional wings
C) a single, wingless nymph instar followed by several winged adult instars
D) a series of young instars that become more and more like an adult, ending with a wingless adult instar

Question 71

Which subphylum includes spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions, and horseshoe crabs?

A) Chelicerata
B) Myriapoda
C) Hexapoda
D) Crustacea

Question 72

Which of the following describes the postembryonic development that members of the order Thysanura (silverfish) have instead of metamorphosis?

A) a single, wingless nymph instar followed by several winged adult instars
B) a series of young instars that become more and more like an adult, ending with a wingless adult instar
C) a series of nymph instars that lack functional wings, ending with an adult instar with functional wings
D) several instars of often wormlike larvae, followed by a stage where they are a sessile pupa, and then ending in an adult stage that is very different from the larval stages

Question 73

Which Ecdysozoa phylum contains three-quarters of the known animal species?

A) Nemertea
B) Annelida
C) Arthropoda
D) Nematoda

Question 74

Which subphylum includes members that are now all extinct, but that were once extremely numerous in shallow Paleozoic seas?

A) Crustacea
B) Trilobita
C) Hexapoda
D) Myriapoda

Question 75

Which Ecdysozoa phylum includes many important decomposers, but also many damaging plant and animal parasites?

A) Arthropoda
B) Annelida
C) Nematoda
D) Nemertea

Question 76

Which subphylum includes shrimp, lobsters, and crabs?

A) Trilobita
B) Crustacea
C) Hexapoda
D) Chelicerata

Question 77

Suppose that you found an animal that has a segmented body encased in a rigid exoskeleton made of chitin. Which Ecdysozoa phylum does this animal most likely belong to?

A) Annelida
B) Nemertea
C) Nematoda
D) Arthropoda

Question 78

Which class is composed mostly of freshwater parasites called leeches?

A) Hirudinea
B) Oligochaeta
C) Cestoda
D) Polychaeta

Question 79

Which subphylum includes members that have a three-part body plan that comprises a head, a thorax, and an abdomen?

A) Hexapoda
B) Myriapoda
C) Crustacea
D) Trilobita

Question 80

Which subphylum includes centipedes and millipedes?

A) Trilobita
B) Chelicerata
C) Myriapoda
D) Hexapoda