Deck 24: Protists

Question 1

Why has the diverse group of protists traditionally been grouped together?

A) They all have the same type of nutrition.
B) They are not prokaryotes, fungi, plants, or animals.
C) They all have very similar shapes.
D) They all have very similar DNA sequences.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Some protists have a pellicle. What is a pellicle used for?

A) food storage
B) defensive purposes
C) structural support
D) water absorption

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Figure 24-1
In Figure 24-1, what is the structure labelled as number 7?

A) the gullet
B) the mitochondrion
C) the micronucleus
D) the macronucleus

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which term refers collectively to small, photosynthetic protists found in aquatic habitats?

A) phytoplankton
B) chrysophyte
C) zooplankton
D) phagoplankton

Question 5

Which protists have both plant and animal features?

A) Paramecium
B) Euglena
C) Trichomonas
D) Trichonympha

Question 6

Figure 24-1
In Figure 24-1, what is the function of the structure labelled as number 2?

A) waste elimination
B) asexual reproduction
C) digestion
D) food intake

Question 7

Which of the following is an extension of a lobe of the cytoplasm, and is used by some protists for movement?

A) pilus
B) cilium
C) pseudopod
D) gullet

Question 8

Until recently, protists have been classified according to observable traits such as modes of nutrition and mechanisms of movement. What is the basis for modern protist classification?

A) their evolutionary relatedness
B) their similarity to plants
C) their cell wall types
D) their types of life cycles

Question 9

Which sentence best describes the phylogenetic relationship between protists, fungi, plants, and animals?

A) Fungi and animals share a common protist ancestor; plants arose from a different protist ancestor.
B) Fungi and plants share a common protist ancestor; animals arose from a different protist ancestor.
C) Plants, animals, and fungi each arose from different protist lineages.
D) Animals and plants share a common protist ancestor; fungi arose from a different protist ancestor.

Question 10

Figure 24-1
In Figure 24-1, what are the structures labelled as number 4?

A) the pili
B) the flagella
C) the cilia
D) the pellicles

Question 11

Which of these protist lineages does NOT belong to the supergroup Excavata?

A) kinetoplastids
B) parabasalids
C) diplomonads
D) diatoms

Question 12

Which of these terms describes kinetoplastids?

A) prokaryotic
B) photosynthetic
C) parasitic
D) ciliated

Question 13

Suppose you discover an organism that has a nucleus but no mitochondria. Which of the following could this organism be?

A) kinetoplastid
B) diplomonad
C) euglenoid
D) ciliate

Question 14

Which protist group includes human pathogens?

A) parabasalids
B) radiolarians
C) chlorophytes
D) forams

Question 15

Which of these protists is the cause of "beaver fever"?

A) Physarum polycephalum
B) Plasmodium falciparum
C) Giardia lamblia
D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 16

Figure 24-1
In Figure 24-1what are the structures labelled as number 5?

A) the pellicles
B) the pili
C) the cilia
D) the trichocysts

Question 17

Which of these terms can be used to describe the majority of protists?

A) aerobic
B) photosynthetic
C) anaerobic
D) autotrophic

Question 18

Which of these characteristics is the most likely explanation for the loss of mitochondria in Excavates?

A) their flagella
B) their aquatic habitat
C) their similarity to bacteria
D) their parasitic lifestyle

Question 19

What do all protists possess?

A) cell walls
B) multiple, circular chromosomes
C) chloroplasts
D) microtubules and microfilaments

Question 20

Figure 24-1
In Figure 24-1, what are the labels on the structures that maintain water balance?

A) 1 and 3
B) 1 and 6
C) 6 and 9
D) 7 and 8

Question 21

How do water moulds differ from true fungi?

A) Water moulds are haploid; fungi are diploid.
B) Water moulds form hyphae; fungi form mycelia.
C) Water moulds have a different genetic composition than fungi have.
D) Water moulds have cell walls made up of chitin; fungi have cell walls made up of cellulose.

Question 22

What is the undulating membrane of parabasalids used for?

A) defensive purposes
B) food absorption
C) movement
D) structural support

Question 23

Figure 24-2
In Figure 24-2, which organism's life cycle is illustrated?

A) Paramecium spp.
B) Plasmodium spp.
C) Euglena spp.
D) Escherichia spp.

Question 24

Which of the following are the least mobile protists?

A) heterokonts
B) diatoms
C) euglenoids
D) apicomplexans

Question 25

What is the apical complex of apicomplexans used for?

A) food absorption
B) attachment
C) structural support
D) asexual reproduction

Question 26

Which of these groups do diatoms belong to?

A) Phaeophyta
B) Chrysophyta
C) Chromalveolata
D) Rhodophyta

Question 27

Suppose that you find a protist that is unicellular, heterotrophic, and non-flagellated, and it has two nuclei of different sizes. What could be concluded about this organism?

A) It is an amoebozoan.
B) It is a ciliate.
C) It is a foraminiferan.
D) It is a kinetoplastid.

Question 28

A population boom in which type of organism will cause a red tide?

A) ciliate
B) brown alga
C) diatom
D) dinoflagellate

Question 29

Which of these sentences best describes diatoms?

A) They are unicellular and autotrophic.
B) They are multicellular and heterotrophic.
C) They are unicellular and heterotrophic.
D) They are multicellular and parasitic.

Question 30

How are heterokonts characterized?

A) by having two types of nuclei
B) by having two different flagella
C) by having cell walls of silica
D) by having cells walls of chitin

Question 31

To which category of protists does the genus Plasmodium belong?

A) apicomplexans
B) ciliates
C) dinoflagellates
D) euglenoids

Question 32

How many different species of Plasmodium cause malaria?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Question 33

Figure 24-2
In Figure 24-2, what type of mosquito is illustrated?

A) a male
B) a larva
C) a female
D) an immature form

Question 34

Figure 24-2
In Figure 24-2, in which step is meiosis occurring?

A) 1
B) 3
C) 4
D) 6

Question 35

Figure 24-2
In Figure 24-2, what process is occurring in step 1?

A) fusion
B) mitosis
C) meiosis
D) fertilization

Question 36

What is the name of the dartlike protein threads that ciliates can eject from surface organelles when under attack?

A) gullets
B) alveoli
C) trichocysts
D) vacuoles

Question 37

Figure 24-2
In Figure 24-2, which step in the life cycle of the organism causes disease symptoms in a human host?

A) step 1
B) step 4
C) step 5
D) step 6

Question 38

Figure 24-2
In Figure 24-2, which type of cell serves as the host for the sporozoite?

A) the nerve cell
B) the skin cell
C) the red blood cell
D) the liver cell

Question 39

Which of these genera is included in the ciliates group?

A) Entamoeba
B) Paramecium
C) Trichomonas
D) Anopheles

Question 40

Which of these groups belongs to the chromalveolates?

A) diatoms
B) apicomplexans
C) chlorophytes
D) rhodophytes

Question 41

On what basis can cellular slime moulds be distinguished from plasmodial slime moulds?

A) reproductive structures
B) spore formation
C) food requirements
D) nuclei per cell

Question 42

From which type of algae is algin extracted?

A) golden algae
B) red algae
C) brown algae
D) blue-green algae

Question 43

Which of the following is the feature that choanoflagellates received their name after?

A) eye spot
B) cilium
C) flagellum
D) collar

Question 44

What do amoebas use pseudopodia for, other than movement?

A) excretion
B) feeding
C) avoiding predation
D) asexual reproduction

Question 45

Which of these terms refers to structures that are similar to roots and anchor brown algae to the substrate?

A) holdfasts
B) thalli
C) blades
D) stipes

Question 46

Which type of molecule reinforces the shells of forams?

A) calcium carbonate
B) hydrogen sulfide
C) copper sulfate
D) silica

Question 47

What types of algae get their colour from the pigment fucoxanthin?

A) red algae and golden algae
B) brown algae and golden algae
C) brown algae and green algae
D) red algae and green algae

Question 48

Many algal species have life cycles consisting of alternating haploid and diploid generations. Which of these sentences describes the organisms that comprise the most common life cycle in brown algae?

A) They are unicellular in both the haploid and diploid stages.
B) They are colonial in both the haploid and diploid stages.
C) They are multicellular in both the haploid and diploid stages.
D) They are multicellular in the haploid stage and unicellular in the diploid stage.

Question 49

Figure 24-3
In Figure 24-3, which label identifies the structure that is the slug?

A) label A
B) label C
C) label D
D) label E

Question 50

Figure 24-3
In Figure 24-3, which label identifies the diploid stage of this organism?

A) label A
B) label C
C) label D
D) label E

Question 51

Which of these sentences describes most golden algae?

A) They are unicellular and autotrophic.
B) They are colonial and autotrophic.
C) They are multicellular and heterotrophic.
D) They are colonial and heterotrophic.

Question 52

Figure 24-3
In Figure 24-3, which organism's life cycle is illustrated?

A) cellular slime mould
B) green alga
C) water mould
D) plasmodial slime mould

Question 53

Figure 24-3
In Figure 24-3, which label identifies the structure that is the fruiting body?

A) label A
B) label B
C) label C
D) label E

Question 54

Which type of cellular proteins support the axopods of radiolarians internally?

A) microfilaments
B) microtubules
C) actin filaments
D) lysosomal proteins

Question 55

Which of these terms refers to the mechanism by which a brown algae sporophyte produces spores?

A) syngamy
B) fertilization
C) mitosis
D) meiosis

Question 56

Under favourable conditions, in which form do plasmodial slime moulds exist primarily?

A) as individual flagellated cells
B) as spore-forming, fruiting bodies
C) as a single, multinucleated, cellular blob
D) as coordinated, multicellular blobs

Question 57

Suppose you find a protist that has a single flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli. Which of the following could be concluded about this organism?

A) It is a choanoflagellate.
B) It is a plasmodial slime mould.
C) It is a cellular slime mould.
D) It is not an opisthokont.

Question 58

Figure 24-3
In Figure 24-3, under what condition is the structure labelled E formed?

A) high competition
B) favourable to mating
C) high heat
D) low food supply

Question 59

Which of the following is characteristic of all algae?

A) They are unicellular.
B) They are multicellular.
C) They have life cycles with alternating generations.
D) They have chlorophyll.

Question 60

Which of the following protists are NOT included in the Unikont supergroup?

A) amoebas
B) slime moulds
C) Rhizaria
D) plasmodial slime moulds

Question 61

According to the latest research, which of the following is the best description of the first eukaryote?

A) It lacked a nucleus, but contained a mitochondrion and a chloroplast.
B) It contained a nucleus, a mitochondrion, and a chloroplast.
C) It contained a nucleus and a chloroplast, but not a mitochondrion.
D) It contained a nucleus and a mitochondrion, but not a chloroplast.

Question 62

The pigments responsible for the colour of red algae are the prodigiosins.

Question 63

Radiolarians have vacuoles that provide them with buoyancy in marine environments.

Question 64

The Chlorophyta are believed to be the ancestors of fungi and animals.

Question 65

Some dinoflagellates exhibit bioluminescence with the help of the enzyme photolyase.

Question 66

Many algal species have life cycles consisting of alternating haploid and diploid generations. Which of these sentences describes the organisms that comprise the most common life cycle in green algae?

A) They are multicellular in the haploid stage and unicellular in the diploid stage.
B) They are unicellular in the haploid stage and multicellular in the diploid stage.
C) They are unicellular in both the haploid and the diploid stages.
D) They are multicellular in both the haploid and the diploid stages.

Question 67

The eyespot is a light-sensitive structure found in photosynthetic kinetoplastids.

Question 68

Which of the following algal groups is the most diverse?

A) red
B) green
C) golden
D) blue-green

Question 69

Most Euglena are autotrophs that carry out photosynthesis using different pigments than plants.

Question 70

When does secondary endosymbiosis occur?

A) when a non-photosynthetic eukaryote engulfs a photosynthetic eukaryote
B) when a non-photosynthetic eukaryote engulfs a photosynthetic prokaryote
C) when a photosynthetic eukaryote engulfs a photosynthetic prokaryote
D) when a photosynthetic eukaryote engulfs a non-photosynthetic prokaryote

Question 71

Diatomaceous earth is the fine powder produced from grinding the fossilized shells of diatoms.

Question 72

Which modern type of algae most closely resembles the algal ancestor of green plants?

A) Phaeophyta
B) Chrysophyta
C) Radiolaria
D) Charophyta

Question 73

The White Cliffs of Dover, England, are composed of shells of ancient diatoms.

Question 74

What kind of algae are Rhodophyta?

A) brown
B) red
C) blue-green
D) golden

Question 75

Which of the following is the feature that the green algae received their name after?

A) chloros
B) photosynthesis
C) leaflike form
D) filamentous form

Question 76

From which cell walls is agar extracted?

A) those of red algae
B) those of blue-green algae
C) those of green algae
D) those of golden algae

Question 77

Slime moulds are classified as Amoebozoa.

Question 78

The parasite that causes African sleeping sickness is transmitted through the bite of a mosquito.

Question 79

Amoeba is a term used to describe unicellular protists that move by means of flagella.

Question 80

Colonies are aggregates of potentially independent protist cells that show little or no differentiation.