Deck 20: Humans and Evolution

Question 1

When did Neandertals live on Earth?

A) from about 500 thousand to 30 thousand years ago
B) from about 400 thousand to 30 thousand years ago
C) from about 300 thousand to 20 thousand years ago
D) from about 200 thousand to 10 thousand years ago

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following statements best summarizes human evolution?

A) Humans and apes have nothing in common.
B) Humans did not evolve from apes, and apes are not our closest living relatives.
C) Humans did not evolve from apes, but apes are our closest living relatives.
D) Humans evolved from apes, and apes are our closest living relatives.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which one of the following was taller than its ancestors?

A) Homo erectus
B) Homo habilis
C) Homo floresiensis
D) Homo neanderthalensis

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Suppose that you have a fossil record in front of you and you need to determine which Homo species it belongs to. Its features include a much heavier build than yours, prominent brow ridges, and a slightly larger brain. Which of the following would it most likely be?

A) Homo erectus
B) Homo habilis
C) Homo floresiensis
D) Homo neanderthalensis

Question 5

In what way are Australopithecus anamensis and Australopithecus sediba different from each other?

A) A. sediba has retained more ancestral characteristics than A. anamensis.
B) A. anamensis has retained more ancestral characteristics than A. sediba.
C) A. anamensis was fully bipedal while A. sediba was not.
D) A. sediba was fully bipedal while A. anamensis was not

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct assumption based on scientific findings?

A) Neandertal fathers and human mothers might have produced viable offspring.
B) Neandertal mothers and human fathers might have produced viable offspring.
C) mDNA could be passed only from human father to child.
D) mDNA could be passed only from Neandertal father to child.

Question 7

What is another name for Homo erectus?

A) "beautiful man"
B) "upright man"
C) "handy man"
D) "smart man"

Question 8

Which of the following had a much larger brain than its ancestors?

A) Homo erectus
B) Homo habilis
C) Homo floresiensis
D) Homo neanderthalensis

Question 9

Which of the following is one of the oldest known species in the genus Australopithecus?

A) Australopithecus sediba
B) Australopithecus afarensis
C) Australopithecus anamensis
D) Australopithecus africanus

Question 10

Which of the following is considered to be the "first man" in the evolution of humans?

A) Orrorin tugenensis
B) Ardipithecus ramidus
C) Australopithecus anamensis
D) Australopithecus africanus

Question 11

Which group of hominins do the earliest fossil records from the genus Homo belong to?

A) Homo erectus
B) Homo habilis
C) Homo floresiensis
D) Homo neanderthalensis

Question 12

What is another name for Homo habilis?

A) "beautiful man"
B) "upright man"
C) "handy man"
D) "smart man"

Question 13

Where did Neandertals live on Earth?

A) in much of Africa and eastern and central Asia
B) in much of Europe and eastern and central Asia
C) in much of Africa and western and central Asia
D) in much of Europe and western and central Asia

Question 14

How much of modern Europeans' DNA is Neandertal?

A) about 5%
B) about 4%
C) about 3%
D) about 2%

Question 15

Which of the following specifically includes organisms most similar to modern humans?

A) hominoids
B) hominoins
C) hominids
D) hominins

Question 16

Suppose that one human and one Neandertal conceive a child together. Which of the following would be most likely to characterize that offspring?

A) It would be "physically sterile."
B) It would be "psychological sterile."
C) It would be "cognitively sterile."
D) It would be "emotionally sterile."

Question 17

Which group of hominins does the first australopith to be described belong to?

A) Australopithecus sediba
B) Australopithecus afarensis
C) Australopithecus anamensis
D) Australopithecus africanus

Question 18

Based on the research of Uddin and Scherer, how many genes are related to what makes humans uniquely human?

A) 1600 genes
B) 1700 genes
C) 5000 genes
D) all the genes that humans have

Question 19

Which group of hominins does Lucy belong to?

A) Australopithecus sediba
B) Australopithecus afarensis
C) Australopithecus anamensis
D) Australopithecus africanus

Question 20

When did humans arrive in the same area as Neandertals?

A) about 60 thousand years ago
B) about 50 thousand years ago
C) about 40 thousand years ago
D) about 30 thousand years ago

Question 21

What does genomic analysis show about the ancestors of modern humans, Neandertals, and Denisovans?

A) that the ancestors of modern humans interbred with Denisovans but not with Neandertals
B) that Neandertals interbred with Denisovans
C) that the ancestors of modern humans interbred with Neandertals but not with Denisovans
D) that the ancestors of modern humans interbred with both Neandertals and Denisovans

Question 22

Which of the following would suggest that language is NOT unique to Homo sapiens?

A) bees using waggle dance to show the position of flowers and its fellows observing
B) bees using waggle dance to show the position of flowers and its fellows dancing as well
C) velvet monkeys giving the "eagle" alarm call and its fellows look up to the sky
D) velvet monkeys giving the "eagle" alarm call and its fellows look for food

Question 23

What is the importance of the Denisovans?

A) Genetic analysis of the Denisovans indicates that they lived in Southeast Asia and interbred with the ancestors of today's Polynesians.
B) Genetic analysis of the Denisovans indicates that they lived in Southeast Asia and interbred with the ancestors of today's Melanesians.
C) Genetic analysis of the Denisovans indicates that they lived in Southeast Asia and interbred with the ancestors of today's Indonesians.
D) Genetic analysis of the Denisovans indicates that they lived in Southeast Asia and interbred with the ancestors of today's Micronesians.

Question 24

Paleontologists have inferred bipedalism in hominins from which of the following structures in humans as compared to chimpanzees?

A) Human leg bones are shorter than in chimpanzees, and chimpanzees have longer foreleg bones than humans do.
B) Human leg bones are longer than in chimpanzees, while chimpanzees have longer foreleg bones than humans do.
C) Human leg bones are longer than in chimpanzees, and chimpanzees have shorter foreleg bones than humans do.
D) Human leg bones are shorter than in chimpanzees, while chimpanzees have shorter foreleg bones than humans do.

Question 25

Which features characteristic of humans are unlikely to fossilize?

A) behavioural and hard tissue features
B) behavioural and soft tissue features
C) the jaws and dung
D) the bones and dung

Question 26

Compared to modern humans, Neanderthals would have been very different in social behaviour and in their abilities to communicate.

Question 27

Paleontologists have inferred bipedalism in hominins from which of the following structures in humans as compared to chimpanzees?

A) Humans have both ends of the femur larger than chimps, and a smaller angle at the hip end of the femur than chimps.
B) Humans have both ends of the femur smaller than chimps, and a smaller angle at the hip end of the femur than chimps.
C) Humans have both ends of the femur larger than chimps, and a larger angle at the hip end of the femur than chimps.
D) Humans have both ends of the femur the same chimps, but a smaller angle at the hip end of the femur than chimps.

Question 28

There was only one lineage of hominin living in the past.

Question 29

What is the importance of fossil hominins from Dmanisi?

A) that our lineage is highly variable
B) that our lineage is highly non-variable
C) that the ancestors of modern humans interbred with Neandertals but not with Denisovans
D) that the ancestors of modern humans interbred with both Neandertals and Denisovans

Question 30

Species in the genus Homo have two specializations associated with throwing ability.

Question 31

Which of the following makes a human hand more suitable for precision and power grip compared to a chimp's hand?

A) A human hand has a longer thumb, while the palm and fingers are the same.
B) A human hand has a shorter thumb, while the palm and fingers are the same.
C) A human hand has a shorter thumb, while the palm and fingers are longer.
D) A human hand has a longer thumb, while the palm and fingers are shorter.

Question 32

Hominins are more closely related to modern humans than other ancestors.

Question 33

Which of the following best compares two main theories about the dispersal of our ancestors from Africa?

A) The African emergence hypothesis proposes that modern humans are descendants from a fairly recent African ancestor, and the multiregional hypothesis proposes that modern humans are descendants of ancestors that never lived in Africa.
B) The African emergence hypothesis proposes that modern humans are descendants from a fairly recent African ancestor, and the multiregional hypothesis proposes that modern humans are descendants of recent dispersals.
C) The African emergence hypothesis proposes that modern humans are descendants from a fairly old African ancestor, and the multiregional hypothesis proposes that modern humans are descendants of earlier dispersals.
D) The African emergence hypothesis proposes that modern humans are descendants from a fairly recent African ancestor, and the multiregional hypothesis proposes that modern humans are descendants of earlier dispersals.

Question 34

Which of the following research findings would strongly suggest that bipedalism arose in an arboreal setting?

A) hand-assisted bipedalism and movement on tough branches
B) hand-assisted bipedalism and movement on high branches
C) hand-assisted bipedalism and movement on flexible branches
D) hand-assisted bipedalism and movement on land

Question 35

How does the brain capacity compare between various human ancestors?

Question 36

Australopithecus and Paranthropus resembled apes.

Question 37

Which of the following in Australopithecus indicates adaptations to bipedalism preceded the evolution of species in the genus Homo?

A) The anatomy of the pelvis and lower back of Australopithecus indicates that.
B) The anatomy of the legs and lower back of Australopithecus indicates that.
C) The anatomy of the pelvis and upper back of Australopithecus indicates that.
D) The anatomy of the legs and upper back of Australopithecus indicates that.

Question 38

The history of hominins clearly demonstrates challenges inherent in recognizing species and the boundaries between them. Which of the following evidence is the example of that?

A) archaeological and genomic evidence
B) paleontological and genomic evidence
C) paleontological, archaeological, and genomic evidence
D) paleontological and archaeological evidence

Question 39

Who were the Hadza of Tanzania?

A) a society of Neanderthals
B) a historical group of first humans
C) a society of humans who were vegetarians
D) human hunter-gatherer societies

Question 40

Which of the following distinguish hominins from apes?

A) feeding and parental care
B) tool usage and physiology
C) body hairiness and brain size
D) upright posture and bipedal locomotion

Question 41

Match each of the following features with the correct ancestor.
a.the "first man"
b.an "early" version of Lucy
c.the "upright man"
d.the "handy man"
e.most closely related to Homo erectus
f.modern human
g.having small canine teeth
h.diverged from a common ancestor as modern humans
i.the "big man"
j.the first described australopith
k.
one of the oldest known species in its genus
Australopithecus afarensis

Question 42

Match each of the following features with the correct ancestor.
a.the "first man"
b.an "early" version of Lucy
c.the "upright man"
d.the "handy man"
e.most closely related to Homo erectus
f.modern human
g.having small canine teeth
h.diverged from a common ancestor as modern humans
i.the "big man"
j.the first described australopith
k.
one of the oldest known species in its genus
Orrorin tugenensis

Question 43

Match each of the following features with the correct ancestor.
a.the "first man"
b.an "early" version of Lucy
c.the "upright man"
d.the "handy man"
e.most closely related to Homo erectus
f.modern human
g.having small canine teeth
h.diverged from a common ancestor as modern humans
i.the "big man"
j.the first described australopith
k.
one of the oldest known species in its genus
Homo neanderthalensis

Question 44

Match each of the following features with the correct ancestor.
a.the "first man"
b.an "early" version of Lucy
c.the "upright man"
d.the "handy man"
e.most closely related to Homo erectus
f.modern human
g.having small canine teeth
h.diverged from a common ancestor as modern humans
i.the "big man"
j.the first described australopith
k.
one of the oldest known species in its genus
Australopithecus africanus

Question 45

Match each of the following features with the correct ancestor.
a.the "first man"
b.an "early" version of Lucy
c.the "upright man"
d.the "handy man"
e.most closely related to Homo erectus
f.modern human
g.having small canine teeth
h.diverged from a common ancestor as modern humans
i.the "big man"
j.the first described australopith
k.
one of the oldest known species in its genus
Homo sapiens

Question 46

Match each of the following features with the correct ancestor.
a.the "first man"
b.an "early" version of Lucy
c.the "upright man"
d.the "handy man"
e.most closely related to Homo erectus
f.modern human
g.having small canine teeth
h.diverged from a common ancestor as modern humans
i.the "big man"
j.the first described australopith
k.
one of the oldest known species in its genus
Homo habilis

Question 47

Vital components of our immune system were acquired through the allele inherited from Denisovans in west Asia.

Question 48

Paleontological data clearly support both hypotheses about the dispersal of early humans.

Question 49

Match each of the following features with the correct ancestor.
a.the "first man"
b.an "early" version of Lucy
c.the "upright man"
d.the "handy man"
e.most closely related to Homo erectus
f.modern human
g.having small canine teeth
h.diverged from a common ancestor as modern humans
i.the "big man"
j.the first described australopith
k.
one of the oldest known species in its genus
Homo floresiensis

Question 50

Match each of the following features with the correct ancestor.
a.the "first man"
b.an "early" version of Lucy
c.the "upright man"
d.the "handy man"
e.most closely related to Homo erectus
f.modern human
g.having small canine teeth
h.diverged from a common ancestor as modern humans
i.the "big man"
j.the first described australopith
k.
one of the oldest known species in its genus
Australopithecus anamensis

Question 51

Match each of the following features with the correct ancestor.
a.the "first man"
b.an "early" version of Lucy
c.the "upright man"
d.the "handy man"
e.most closely related to Homo erectus
f.modern human
g.having small canine teeth
h.diverged from a common ancestor as modern humans
i.the "big man"
j.the first described australopith
k.
one of the oldest known species in its genus
Australopithecus sediba

Question 52

Fossils from Dmanisi were identified as Homo dmanisi.

Question 53

Match each of the following features with the correct ancestor.
a.the "first man"
b.an "early" version of Lucy
c.the "upright man"
d.the "handy man"
e.most closely related to Homo erectus
f.modern human
g.having small canine teeth
h.diverged from a common ancestor as modern humans
i.the "big man"
j.the first described australopith
k.
one of the oldest known species in its genus
Ardipithecus ramidus

Question 54

Match each of the following features with the correct ancestor.
a.the "first man"
b.an "early" version of Lucy
c.the "upright man"
d.the "handy man"
e.most closely related to Homo erectus
f.modern human
g.having small canine teeth
h.diverged from a common ancestor as modern humans
i.the "big man"
j.the first described australopith
k.
one of the oldest known species in its genus
Homo erectus