Deck 38: Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Question 1

Which of the following terms refers to the maintenance of the body's internal environment at relatively constant levels?

A) feedback
B) homeostasis
C) natural selection
D) physiology

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which tissue is best described as a sparse distribution of cells surrounded by an open network of collagen and elastin fibres?

A) fibrous connective tissue
B) adipose tissue
C) loose connective tissue
D) bone tissue

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Suppose you observe a tissue with one free surface and with several layers of cells attached to a basal lamina. What type of tissue is this an example of?

A) epithelial tissue
B) muscle tissue
C) connective tissue
D) nervous tissue

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which parts of the bone are expected to be extremely active in a growing child?

A) fibroblasts
B) osteoblasts
C) osteoclasts
D) chondrocytes

Question 5

Which type of connective tissue forms tendons and ligaments?

A) fibrous connective tissue
B) blood
C) cartilage
D) loose connective tissue

Question 6

Which tissue acts to transport nutrients and wastes throughout the body?

A) adipose tissue
B) loose connective tissue
C) fibrous connective tissue
D) blood

Question 7

Which of the following is a component of bone?

A) plasma
B) platelets
C) osteocytes
D) leukocytes

Question 8

Which tissue is striated and can rapidly contract, producing voluntary movements?

A) bone tissue
B) cardiac muscle
C) skeletal muscle
D) smooth muscle

Question 9

Suppose you are examining the processes of muscle contraction in fishes. What type of study is this an example of?

A) an ecological study
B) an anatomical study
C) a taxonomic study
D) a physiological study

Question 10

Suppose you are presented with a tissue sample that contains long rows of cells surrounded by parallel bundles of collagen and elastin fibres. What is that tissue most likely to be?

A) cartilage
B) blood
C) fibrous connective tissue
D) adipose tissue

Question 11

Which major tissue category often has more extracellular matrix material than cellular material?

A) connective tissue
B) epithelial tissue
C) nervous tissue
D) muscle tissue

Question 12

Which tissue has contractile cells that are joined by intercalated disks, allowing it to contract as a unit?

A) cardiac muscle
B) cartilage
C) smooth muscle
D) skeletal muscle

Question 13

In which tissues is the presence of cilia a common feature?

A) in some muscle tissues
B) in some epithelial tissues
C) in some nervous tissues
D) in some connective tissues

Question 14

Which term refers to a group of specialized cells of similar structure and function?

A) tissue
B) organ
C) cell cluster
D) organ system

Question 15

Which connective tissue is best at withstanding compression due the elasticity of its matrix?

A) bone tissue
B) cartilage
C) fibrous connective tissue
D) loose connective tissue

Question 16

Which term refers to two or more different tissues arranged to carry out a specific function?

A) organ system
B) tissue
C) organism
D) organ

Question 17

Which levels of organization are correctly arranged from smallest to largest?

A) organ system, tissue, organ
B) tissue, organ system, organ
C) tissue, organ, organ system
D) organ system, organ, tissue

Question 18

Which major tissue category has cells that can contract?

A) muscle tissue
B) connective tissue
C) epithelium
D) nervous tissue

Question 19

Which of the following structures is an example of a tissue?

A) the heart
B) a blood vessel
C) the brain
D) cartilage

Question 20

Suppose you are examining the arrangement of bones in the hand. What type of study is this an example of?

A) a physiological study
B) an anatomical study
C) a taxonomic study
D) an ecological study

Question 21

Suppose you are sweating in response to elevated temperature. What is this an example of?

A) a stimulus of negative feedback
B) an integrator of negative feedback
C) an effector of negative feedback
D) a response of negative feedback

Question 22

Figure 38-2
In Figure 38-2, how would you identify negative feedback component B?

A) as an effector
B) as a stimulus
C) as a response
D) as a sensor

Question 23

What component of a negative feedback mechanism does the brain or spinal cord represent?

A) an integrator
B) a response
C) a stimulus
D) an effector

Question 24

Which organ system includes the spleen and thymus?

A) the digestive system
B) the nervous system
C) the circulatory system
D) the lymphatic system

Question 25

What is the function of glial cells?

A) to release secretions onto a free surface
B) to secrete collagen fibres into the extracellular matrix
C) to support and nourish neurons
D) to conduct electrical impulses

Question 26

Which organ system includes the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands?

A) the reproductive system
B) the lymphatic system
C) the respiratory system
D) the endocrine system

Question 27

Which term refers to the process in which an environmental stimulus triggers a response that compensates for changes in the internal/external environment?

A) physiological feedback
B) positive feedback
C) negative feedback
D) anatomical feedback

Question 28

Which organ system is responsible for eliminating metabolic wastes from the body?

A) the respiratory system
B) the muscular system
C) the excretory system
D) the nervous system

Question 29

Which part of a neuron conducts an electrical signal toward other neurons?

A) the dendrites
B) the nucleus
C) the cell body
D) the axon

Question 30

Suppose that a person takes a medication that blocks the neurons' ability to be stimulated by a specific chemical signal. What part of the neuron is most likely being affected by the medication?

A) the axon
B) the cell body
C) the axon terminal
D) the dendrites

Question 31

What are the two most important organ systems for the maintenance of homeostasis?

A) the lymphatic and circulatory systems
B) the nervous and endocrine systems
C) the endocrine and circulatory systems
D) the lymphatic and circulatory systems

Question 32

Figure 38-1
In the diagram of a neuron in Figure 38-1, what is part D?

A) the dendrites
B) the glial cell
C) the axon
D) the axon terminals

Question 33

Which tissue is composed of spindle-shaped contractile cells that are commonly found in the walls of tubular organs?

A) smooth muscle
B) squamous epithelium
C) skeletal muscle
D) cardiac muscle

Question 34

Which of the following is an example of a neural function?

A) secretion of products
B) contraction when stimulated
C) protection from invasion by bacteria
D) facilitation of diffusion

Question 35

Which component of a negative feedback mechanism is responsible for producing the result that counteracts the original environmental change away from homeostasis?

A) an integrator
B) a sensor
C) an effector
D) a stimulus

Question 36

Besides neurons, what cells are found in nervous tissue?

A) glial cells
B) mucous cells
C) squamous cells
D) secreting cells

Question 37

Which major tissue type can transmit electrical impulses from one part of an organism to another?

A) connective tissue
B) epithelial tissue
C) nervous tissue
D) muscle tissue

Question 38

Figure 38-2
In Figure 38-2, how would you identify negative feedback component D?

A) as an integrator
B) as an effector
C) as a stimulus
D) as a response

Question 39

Figure 38-1
In the diagram of a neuron in Figure 38-1, what is part B?

A) the axon terminal
B) the cell body
C) the glial cell
D) the axon

Question 40

Which human tissue cells can be over 1 metre in length?

A) adipocytes
B) skeletal muscle cells
C) neurons
D) columnar epithelial cells

Question 41

Match each tissue with its description.
a.wraps around internal organs, providing a lubricated surface
b.cushions organs and stores surplus energy
c.transports respiratory gases throughout the body
d.flattened cells that are optimal for diffusion
e.withstands tension produced by muscles that are attached
f.composed of chondrocytes and collagen embedded in an elastic matrix
g.controls body systems by conducting electrical impulses
h.found exclusively in the heart
i.lines the gut and respiratory tract
j.produces involuntary movements associated with tubular organs
loose connective tissue

Question 42

Match each tissue with its description.
a.wraps around internal organs, providing a lubricated surface
b.cushions organs and stores surplus energy
c.transports respiratory gases throughout the body
d.flattened cells that are optimal for diffusion
e.withstands tension produced by muscles that are attached
f.composed of chondrocytes and collagen embedded in an elastic matrix
g.controls body systems by conducting electrical impulses
h.found exclusively in the heart
i.lines the gut and respiratory tract
j.produces involuntary movements associated with tubular organs
smooth muscle

Question 43

Match each organ system with its description.
a.exchanges gases with the environment
b.coordinates body activities through the conduction of electrical impulses
c.helps regulate internal water balance and pH
d.provides leverage for body movements
e.moves body parts
f.converts ingested matter into molecules and ions that can be absorbed into the body
g.covers external body surfaces and protects against injury and infection
h.returns excess fluid to the body and protects it against pathogens
i.passes on genes to the next generation
j.coordinates body activities though secretion of hormones
k.
distributes water and nutrients throughout the body
muscular system

Question 44

Match each organ system with its description.
a.exchanges gases with the environment
b.coordinates body activities through the conduction of electrical impulses
c.helps regulate internal water balance and pH
d.provides leverage for body movements
e.moves body parts
f.converts ingested matter into molecules and ions that can be absorbed into the body
g.covers external body surfaces and protects against injury and infection
h.returns excess fluid to the body and protects it against pathogens
i.passes on genes to the next generation
j.coordinates body activities though secretion of hormones
k.
distributes water and nutrients throughout the body
integumentary system

Question 45

Match each organ system with its description.
a.exchanges gases with the environment
b.coordinates body activities through the conduction of electrical impulses
c.helps regulate internal water balance and pH
d.provides leverage for body movements
e.moves body parts
f.converts ingested matter into molecules and ions that can be absorbed into the body
g.covers external body surfaces and protects against injury and infection
h.returns excess fluid to the body and protects it against pathogens
i.passes on genes to the next generation
j.coordinates body activities though secretion of hormones
k.
distributes water and nutrients throughout the body
digestive system

Question 46

Which term refers to a response to change in the internal/external environment that adds to the change?

A) physiological feedback
B) anatomical feedback
C) negative feedback
D) positive feedback

Question 47

Match each organ system with its description.
a.exchanges gases with the environment
b.coordinates body activities through the conduction of electrical impulses
c.helps regulate internal water balance and pH
d.provides leverage for body movements
e.moves body parts
f.converts ingested matter into molecules and ions that can be absorbed into the body
g.covers external body surfaces and protects against injury and infection
h.returns excess fluid to the body and protects it against pathogens
i.passes on genes to the next generation
j.coordinates body activities though secretion of hormones
k.
distributes water and nutrients throughout the body
respiratory system

Question 48

Match each organ system with its description.
a.exchanges gases with the environment
b.coordinates body activities through the conduction of electrical impulses
c.helps regulate internal water balance and pH
d.provides leverage for body movements
e.moves body parts
f.converts ingested matter into molecules and ions that can be absorbed into the body
g.covers external body surfaces and protects against injury and infection
h.returns excess fluid to the body and protects it against pathogens
i.passes on genes to the next generation
j.coordinates body activities though secretion of hormones
k.
distributes water and nutrients throughout the body
nervous system

Question 49

Match each organ system with its description.
a.exchanges gases with the environment
b.coordinates body activities through the conduction of electrical impulses
c.helps regulate internal water balance and pH
d.provides leverage for body movements
e.moves body parts
f.converts ingested matter into molecules and ions that can be absorbed into the body
g.covers external body surfaces and protects against injury and infection
h.returns excess fluid to the body and protects it against pathogens
i.passes on genes to the next generation
j.coordinates body activities though secretion of hormones
k.
distributes water and nutrients throughout the body
skeletal system

Question 50

Match each organ system with its description.
a.exchanges gases with the environment
b.coordinates body activities through the conduction of electrical impulses
c.helps regulate internal water balance and pH
d.provides leverage for body movements
e.moves body parts
f.converts ingested matter into molecules and ions that can be absorbed into the body
g.covers external body surfaces and protects against injury and infection
h.returns excess fluid to the body and protects it against pathogens
i.passes on genes to the next generation
j.coordinates body activities though secretion of hormones
k.
distributes water and nutrients throughout the body
reproductive system

Question 51

Match each tissue with its description.
a.wraps around internal organs, providing a lubricated surface
b.cushions organs and stores surplus energy
c.transports respiratory gases throughout the body
d.flattened cells that are optimal for diffusion
e.withstands tension produced by muscles that are attached
f.composed of chondrocytes and collagen embedded in an elastic matrix
g.controls body systems by conducting electrical impulses
h.found exclusively in the heart
i.lines the gut and respiratory tract
j.produces involuntary movements associated with tubular organs
cardiac muscle

Question 52

Match each tissue with its description.
a.wraps around internal organs, providing a lubricated surface
b.cushions organs and stores surplus energy
c.transports respiratory gases throughout the body
d.flattened cells that are optimal for diffusion
e.withstands tension produced by muscles that are attached
f.composed of chondrocytes and collagen embedded in an elastic matrix
g.controls body systems by conducting electrical impulses
h.found exclusively in the heart
i.lines the gut and respiratory tract
j.produces involuntary movements associated with tubular organs
fibrous connective tissue

Question 53

Match each organ system with its description.
a.exchanges gases with the environment
b.coordinates body activities through the conduction of electrical impulses
c.helps regulate internal water balance and pH
d.provides leverage for body movements
e.moves body parts
f.converts ingested matter into molecules and ions that can be absorbed into the body
g.covers external body surfaces and protects against injury and infection
h.returns excess fluid to the body and protects it against pathogens
i.passes on genes to the next generation
j.coordinates body activities though secretion of hormones
k.
distributes water and nutrients throughout the body
endocrine system

Question 54

Which organ system is utilizing positive feedback within an organism?

A) the reproductive system
B) the excretory system
C) the endocrine system
D) the lymphatic system

Question 55

Match each organ system with its description.
a.exchanges gases with the environment
b.coordinates body activities through the conduction of electrical impulses
c.helps regulate internal water balance and pH
d.provides leverage for body movements
e.moves body parts
f.converts ingested matter into molecules and ions that can be absorbed into the body
g.covers external body surfaces and protects against injury and infection
h.returns excess fluid to the body and protects it against pathogens
i.passes on genes to the next generation
j.coordinates body activities though secretion of hormones
k.
distributes water and nutrients throughout the body
circulatory system

Question 56

Which of the following is a result of a positive feedback?

A) childbirth
B) temperature regulation
C) blood pH regulation
D) blood oxygen regulation

Question 57

Which of the following is a result of a positive feedback?

A) childbirth
B) heart rate increase during exercise
C) body water regulation
D) sweating when you get hot

Question 58

Match each organ system with its description.
a.exchanges gases with the environment
b.coordinates body activities through the conduction of electrical impulses
c.helps regulate internal water balance and pH
d.provides leverage for body movements
e.moves body parts
f.converts ingested matter into molecules and ions that can be absorbed into the body
g.covers external body surfaces and protects against injury and infection
h.returns excess fluid to the body and protects it against pathogens
i.passes on genes to the next generation
j.coordinates body activities though secretion of hormones
k.
distributes water and nutrients throughout the body
lymphatic system

Question 59

Match each organ system with its description.
a.exchanges gases with the environment
b.coordinates body activities through the conduction of electrical impulses
c.helps regulate internal water balance and pH
d.provides leverage for body movements
e.moves body parts
f.converts ingested matter into molecules and ions that can be absorbed into the body
g.covers external body surfaces and protects against injury and infection
h.returns excess fluid to the body and protects it against pathogens
i.passes on genes to the next generation
j.coordinates body activities though secretion of hormones
k.
distributes water and nutrients throughout the body
excretory system

Question 60

Match each tissue with its description.
a.wraps around internal organs, providing a lubricated surface
b.cushions organs and stores surplus energy
c.transports respiratory gases throughout the body
d.flattened cells that are optimal for diffusion
e.withstands tension produced by muscles that are attached
f.composed of chondrocytes and collagen embedded in an elastic matrix
g.controls body systems by conducting electrical impulses
h.found exclusively in the heart
i.lines the gut and respiratory tract
j.produces involuntary movements associated with tubular organs
squamous epithelium

Question 61

Match each tissue with its description.
a.wraps around internal organs, providing a lubricated surface
b.cushions organs and stores surplus energy
c.transports respiratory gases throughout the body
d.flattened cells that are optimal for diffusion
e.withstands tension produced by muscles that are attached
f.composed of chondrocytes and collagen embedded in an elastic matrix
g.controls body systems by conducting electrical impulses
h.found exclusively in the heart
i.lines the gut and respiratory tract
j.produces involuntary movements associated with tubular organs
nervous tissue

Question 62

Match each tissue with its description.
a.wraps around internal organs, providing a lubricated surface
b.cushions organs and stores surplus energy
c.transports respiratory gases throughout the body
d.flattened cells that are optimal for diffusion
e.withstands tension produced by muscles that are attached
f.composed of chondrocytes and collagen embedded in an elastic matrix
g.controls body systems by conducting electrical impulses
h.found exclusively in the heart
i.lines the gut and respiratory tract
j.produces involuntary movements associated with tubular organs
blood

Question 63

Match each tissue with its description.
a.wraps around internal organs, providing a lubricated surface
b.cushions organs and stores surplus energy
c.transports respiratory gases throughout the body
d.flattened cells that are optimal for diffusion
e.withstands tension produced by muscles that are attached
f.composed of chondrocytes and collagen embedded in an elastic matrix
g.controls body systems by conducting electrical impulses
h.found exclusively in the heart
i.lines the gut and respiratory tract
j.produces involuntary movements associated with tubular organs
columnar epithelium

Question 64

Match each tissue with its description.
a.wraps around internal organs, providing a lubricated surface
b.cushions organs and stores surplus energy
c.transports respiratory gases throughout the body
d.flattened cells that are optimal for diffusion
e.withstands tension produced by muscles that are attached
f.composed of chondrocytes and collagen embedded in an elastic matrix
g.controls body systems by conducting electrical impulses
h.found exclusively in the heart
i.lines the gut and respiratory tract
j.produces involuntary movements associated with tubular organs
cartilage

Question 65

Match each tissue with its description.
a.wraps around internal organs, providing a lubricated surface
b.cushions organs and stores surplus energy
c.transports respiratory gases throughout the body
d.flattened cells that are optimal for diffusion
e.withstands tension produced by muscles that are attached
f.composed of chondrocytes and collagen embedded in an elastic matrix
g.controls body systems by conducting electrical impulses
h.found exclusively in the heart
i.lines the gut and respiratory tract
j.produces involuntary movements associated with tubular organs
adipose tissue