Deck 30: Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Question 1

Which of the following is classified as an endoparasite?

A) a mosquito
B) a leech
C) a tapeworm
D) an aphid

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What conclusion can be drawn regarding a community in which many species are involved in a food web?

A) It is more stable because organisms have more than a single food source.
B) It is more fragile because organisms have only a single food source.
C) It is more fragile because organisms have more than a single food source.
D) It is more stable because organisms have only a single food source.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which factor has the most effect on species' richness on an island?

A) mainland size
B) the type of species on the mainland
C) distance from the mainland
D) the type of species on the island

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is a cleanser wrasse in the mouth of a potato cod an example of?

A) trophic interaction
B) mutualism
C) neutral interaction
D) coevolution

Question 5

Which of the following population interactions is advantageous to both populations?

A) mutualism
B) commensalism
C) predation
D) competition

Question 6

How is the grasshopper mouse able to consume the Eleodes longicollis beetle?

A) It has cryptic coloration, so it is not noticed by the beetle.
B) It is immune to the beetle's toxins.
C) It avoids the beetle's undesirable secretions by burying the beetle's abdomen.
D) It poisons the beetle first.

Question 7

Which pair of organisms is a good example of commensalism?

A) bacteria and legumes
B) cattle egrets and cattle
C) plants and pollinators
D) tapeworms and pigs

Question 8

Which trophic level would be best represented by a rabbit?

A) secondary consumer
B) decomposer
C) detritivore
D) primary consumer

Question 9

Suppose there are two forests. In the first forest, 39 of the 50 trees represent the dominant species. In the second forest, there are 2 of each of the 10 different species. What conclusion can be drawn regarding these two forests?

A) The second forest must have had some human interference.
B) The second forest is more diverse than the second.
C) The first forest must have had some human interference.
D) The amount of animal species in each forest would be the same.

Question 10

In the experiment involving bluegill sunfish and their choice of diet, what did the sunfish prefer when equal numbers of small, medium, and large Daphnia were present?

A) medium Daphnia
B) any size of Daphnia
C) small Daphnia
D) large Daphnia

Question 11

Which relationship is most likely represented between oxpeckers eating ectoparasites causing no harm to the host, and the host itself?

A) herbivorism
B) parasitism
C) mutualism
D) commensalism

Question 12

How do pancake tortoises protect themselves from predators?

A) They puff themselves up.
B) They emit an undesirable scent.
C) Their coloration serves as a disguise.
D) They retreat into their shell.

Question 13

The Monarch butterfly has an undesirable taste, and the Viceroy butterfly has a selective advantage because it looks like the Monarch. What process is this situation an example of?

A) cryptic coloration
B) Batesian mimicry
C) aposematic coloration
D) competitive exclusion principle

Question 14

Which type of interaction is advantageous for one species, but has no effect on the other?

A) predation
B) parasitism
C) mutualism
D) commensalism

Question 15

Which sentence best summarizes the relationship between species richness and recovery from natural disturbances?

A) Communities with more diversity recover more rapidly from natural disturbances.
B) Communities with more diversity recover less rapidly from natural disturbances.
C) Communities with more diversity do not recover from natural disturbances.
D) Communities with less diversity recover more rapidly from natural disturbances.

Question 16

Which relationship is most likely represented between animal pollinators and their flowering plants?

A) herbivorism
B) parasitism
C) mutualism
D) commensalism

Question 17

What is an ecotone?

A) the combination of species in an environment that is constant
B) a zone between two communities
C) an example of an individualistic hypothesis
D) a parasite that is external to the body

Question 18

What does the intermediate disturbance hypothesis suggest?

A) Species richness is lowest in communities experiencing fairly frequent disturbances of moderate intensity.
B) Species richness is greatest in communities experiencing very frequent disturbances of moderate intensity.
C) Species richness is greatest in communities experiencing fairly frequent disturbances of little intensity.
D) Species richness is greatest in communities experiencing fairly frequent disturbances of moderate intensity.

Question 19

Which hypothesis states that new species are prevented from entering a community by the existing species?

A) the facilitation hypothesis
B) the inhibition hypothesis
C) the tolerance hypothesis
D) the equilibrium theory of island biogeography

Question 20

Which of the following refers to a panda bear that consumes a diet primarily of eucalyptus leaves?

A) It is a primary consumer and a herbivore.
B) It is a primary consumer and a carnivore.
C) It is a herbivore and a primary producer.
D) It is a carnivore and a primary producer.

Question 21

Sympatric species live in different places.

Question 22

Put the following stages of secondary succession in the proper order. Start by writing the letter of the first stage next to the number 1, and so on.
A. asters and broomsedges
B. crabgrass
C. hardwood trees
D. horseweed
E. pine seedlings
F. ragweed
G. shrubs
first event _________
second event __________
third event __________
fourth event __________
fifth event __________
sixth event __________
seventh event __________

Question 23

Endoparasites, such as tapeworms, live on their host.

Question 24

How do pitcher plants obtain nitrogen? Describe two examples.

Question 25

Allopatric species live in the same places.

Question 26

The intermediate disturbance hypothesis says that species richness is least in a community that has moderate disturbances.

Question 27

Define the competitive exclusion principle.

Question 28

Put the stages of primary succession in their proper order. Start by writing the letter of the first stage next to number 1, and so on.
A. bushes appear
B. ferns and grasses become established
C. glaciers retreat
D. lichens erode rocks
E. mosses appear
F. soil is present
G. trees are established
first event _________
second event _________
third event _________
fourth event _________
fifth event _________
sixth event _________
seventh event _________

Question 29

Why are zebras striped?

Question 30

In interference competition, two or more populations use the same limiting resource.

Question 31

The relationship between the bull's horn acacia tree and a species of small ants is a highly coevolved predation.

Question 32

Elephants and some other large carnivores are species with few predators.

Question 33

Mutualistic relationships between animal species are common.

Question 34

Realized niches are larger than fundamental niches.

Question 35

Mutualism is common between flowering plants and animal pollinators.

Question 36

Most gradient analyses point toward the individualistic view of communities.

Question 37

In the 1960s, Robert Paine used removal experiments to evaluate the effects of predation by Pisaster.

Question 38

A tropical rain forest would most likely include vegetation that includes a canopy.

Question 39

Caterpillars of monarch butterflies are immune to the cardiac glycosides in the dandelion leaves they eat.

Question 40

Explain how it is possible that a porcupine can kill a leopard.

Question 41

All land-dwelling animals utilize oxygen for respiration, but does that make oxygen a limiting factor?

Question 42

Match each description to the appropriate term.
a.aposematic coloration
b.commensalism
c.ecological niche
d.exploitative competition
e.interference competition
f.mimicry
g.mutualism
h.parasitism
i.resource partitioning
the sporting of a brightly contrasting, dangerous-looking pattern

Question 43

Match each description to the appropriate term.
a.aposematic coloration
b.commensalism
c.ecological niche
d.exploitative competition
e.interference competition
f.mimicry
g.mutualism
h.parasitism
i.resource partitioning
defined by the resources used by a species and the conditions it requires

Question 44

Explain the concept of ecological niche.

Question 45

Match each description to the appropriate term.
a.aposematic coloration
b.commensalism
c.ecological niche
d.exploitative competition
e.interference competition
f.mimicry
g.mutualism
h.parasitism
i.resource partitioning
one species derives benefits and the other is unaffected

Question 46

What is the definition of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis?

Question 47

Match each description to the appropriate term.
a.aposematic coloration
b.commensalism
c.ecological niche
d.exploitative competition
e.interference competition
f.mimicry
g.mutualism
h.parasitism
i.resource partitioning
the use of resources in different ways

Question 48

Match each description to the appropriate term.
a.aposematic coloration
b.commensalism
c.ecological niche
d.exploitative competition
e.interference competition
f.mimicry
g.mutualism
h.parasitism
i.resource partitioning
species closely resembling another species

Question 49

Compare fundamental and realized niche.

Question 50

What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?

Question 51

Match each description to the appropriate term.
a.aposematic coloration
b.commensalism
c.ecological niche
d.exploitative competition
e.interference competition
f.mimicry
g.mutualism
h.parasitism
i.resource partitioning
one organism feeds off of another organism, causing harm

Question 52

Match each lettered cell in the table with the description that belongs in that cell.
a.carnivory
b.herbivory
c.competition
d.commensalism
e.mutualism
f.parasitism
one population benefits while the other is unaffected

Question 53

Match each description to the appropriate term.
a.aposematic coloration
b.commensalism
c.ecological niche
d.exploitative competition
e.interference competition
f.mimicry
g.mutualism
h.parasitism
i.resource partitioning
situation where both species benefit

Question 54

What does the tolerance hypothesis assert?

Question 55

Explain when and why resource partitioning occurs.

Question 56

Match each description to the appropriate term.
a.aposematic coloration
b.commensalism
c.ecological niche
d.exploitative competition
e.interference competition
f.mimicry
g.mutualism
h.parasitism
i.resource partitioning
two or more species use the same limiting resource

Question 57

Match each description to the appropriate term.
a.aposematic coloration
b.commensalism
c.ecological niche
d.exploitative competition
e.interference competition
f.mimicry
g.mutualism
h.parasitism
i.resource partitioning
one species harms organisms of another species

Question 58

What is the difference between a decomposer and a detritivore? Provide an example of each.

Question 59

Match each lettered cell in the table with the description that belongs in that cell.
a.carnivory
b.herbivory
c.competition
d.commensalism
e.mutualism
f.parasitism
one population obtains energy from plants; plants are destroyed

Question 60

What is the best way to investigate the effects of factors that influence populations?

Question 61

Use the terms in the list to identify each lettered portion of the food web.
top carnivore

Question 62

Use the terms in the list to identify each lettered portion of the food web.
primary consumers

Question 63

Match each lettered cell in the table with the description that belongs in that cell.
a.carnivory
b.herbivory
c.competition
d.commensalism
e.mutualism
f.parasitism
one population obtains energy from animals; animals are killed

Question 64

Match each lettered cell in the table with the description that belongs in that cell.
a.carnivory
b.herbivory
c.competition
d.commensalism
e.mutualism
f.parasitism
one population obtains energy; the other is damaged (usually not killed)

Question 65

Match each lettered cell in the table with the description that belongs in that cell.
a.carnivory
b.herbivory
c.competition
d.commensalism
e.mutualism
f.parasitism
both populations may be at a disadvantage

Question 66

Match each lettered cell in the table with the description that belongs in that cell.
a.carnivory
b.herbivory
c.competition
d.commensalism
e.mutualism
f.parasitism
both populations benefit

Question 67

Use the terms in the list to identify each lettered portion of the food web.
tertiary consumers

Question 68

Use the terms in the list to identify each lettered portion of the food web.
secondary consumers

Question 69

Use the terms in the list to identify each lettered portion of the food web.
quaternary consumers

Question 70

Use the terms in the list to identify each lettered portion of the food web.
primary producers