Deck 2: The Cell: an Overview

Question 1

A human egg is approximately 100 µm in size. What is this equal to?

A) 10.0 mm
B) 0.10 mm
C) 0.010 mm
D) 0.0010 mm

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is synonymous with organelles?

A) "little cells"
B) "little organisms"
C) "little organs"
D) "little particles"

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which unit of measurement is most commonly used for expressing cell size?

A) centimetre (cm)
B) decimetre (dm)
C) micrometre (µm)
D) millimetre (mm)

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which cell structure regulates the movement of molecules in and out of the cell?

A) the nucleus
B) the ribosome
C) the plasma membrane
D) the cytoplasm

Question 5

If organs are analogous to the body, which of the following are organelles analogous to?

A) an eukaryote
B) a prokaryote
C) a cell
D) an animal

Question 6

Who proposed that all animals and plants consist of cells that contain a nucleus?

A) Matthias Schleiden
B) Rudolf Virchow
C) Theodor Schwann
D) Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 7

Who played the most influential role in the discovery of the cell?

A) Matthias Schleiden
B) Theodor Schwann
C) Rudolf Virchow
D) Robert Hooke

Question 8

Staining with dye is a technique typically used to enhance contrast and visualization of cellular structures. Which microscope magnifies passing light directly through a specimen?

A) a fluorescence microscope
B) a bright field microscope
C) a confocal laser scanning microscope
D) a phase-contrast microscope

Question 9

Which tissue did the first observed cells come from?

A) cork
B) pollen
C) leaf
D) skin

Question 10

Which early scientist proposed that cells arise only from pre-existing cells?

A) Theodor Schwann
B) Robert Brown
C) Matthias Schleiden
D) Rudolf Virchow

Question 11

Why can the human eye NOT see cells?

A) because cells are only about 0.1 mm in diameter
B) because cells are only about 0.5 ìm in diameter
C) because cells are only about 1.0 mm in diameter
D) because cells are only about 5.0 ìm in diameter

Question 12

Where is the cell's hereditary information stored?

A) in RNA
B) in DNA
C) in glucose
D) in protein

Question 13

In what way are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different?

A) A prokaryotic cell does not have cytoplasm, but a eukaryotic cell does.
B) A prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus, but a eukaryotic cell does.
C) A prokaryotic cell does not have genetic material, but a eukaryotic cell does.
D) A prokaryotic cell does not have a flagellum, but a eukaryotic cell does.

Question 14

Who played the most influential role in discovering protists?

A) Rudolf Virchow
B) Anton van Leeuwenhoek
C) Theodor Schwann
D) Matthias Schleiden

Question 15

Which of the following is a cell structure that distinguishes prokaryotic from eukaryotic cells?

A) the ribosomes
B) the nucleus
C) the cell wall
D) the plasma membrane

Question 16

Which of the following is synonymous with cellulae?

A) "small rooms"
B) "small compartments"
C) "small spaces"
D) "small particles"

Question 17

Which scientist was first credited for observing the cell nucleus?

A) Theodor Schwann
B) Anton van Leeuwenhoek
C) Matthias Schleiden
D) Robert Brown

Question 18

Which statement most correctly describes living cells?

A) They grow, reproduce, and respond to outside stimuli in an uncoordinated fashion.
B) They grow and respond to outside stimuli in a coordinated fashion.
C) They grow, reproduce, and respond to outside stimuli in a coordinated fashion.
D) They reproduce and respond to outside stimuli in a coordinated fashion.

Question 19

Who discovered and described bacteria?

A) Anton van Leeuwenhoek
B) Matthias Schleiden
C) Theodor Schwann
D) Rudolf Virchow

Question 20

Who played the most influential role in discovering the importance of the nucleus?

A) Matthias Schleiden
B) Theodor Schwann
C) Robert Hooke
D) Rudolf Virchow

Question 21

If a cell contains tonoplast, what type of cell must it be?

A) an animal cell
B) a fungal cell
C) a prokaryotic cell
D) a plant cell

Question 22

If a cell contains lysosomes, what type of cell must it be?

A) a fungal cell
B) a prokaryotic cell
C) an animal cell
D) a plant cell

Question 23

What is the eukaryotic chromosome composed of?

A) DNA and carbohydrate
B) DNA only
C) DNA and protein
D) RNA only

Question 24

Which organelle is NOT a part of the endomembrane system?

A) the endoplasmic reticulum
B) the lysosome
C) the nucleolus
D) the Golgi complex

Question 25

Which of the following shapes are most common among prokaryotes?

A) rodlike, cylindrical, and spherical
B) rodlike, spiral, and spherical
C) rodlike, circular, and spherical
D) rodlike, spiral, and cylindrical

Question 26

What would a comparison of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells reveal?

A) That they both have a cell wall.
B) That they both have a nucleus.
C) That they both have an endomembrane system.
D) That they both have DNA.

Question 27

What is the semi-liquid substance within the nucleus called?

A) chromatin
B) nuclear gel
C) cytoplasm
D) nucleoplasm

Question 28

If a plasma membrane is analogous to the cell, which of the following is analogous to the animal body?

A) a reproductive system
B) a muscle system
C) the skin
D) a digestive system

Question 29

Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of lipids?

A) the ribosome
B) the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) the Golgi complex
D) the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 30

In what way are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different?

A) A prokaryotic cell has a cell wall, but a eukaryotic cell does not.
B) A prokaryotic cell does not have a cell wall, but a eukaryotic cell does.
C) A prokaryotic cell has a capsule, but a eukaryotic cell does not.
D) A prokaryotic cell does not have a capsule, but a eukaryotic cell does.

Question 31

If a cell contains chloroplasts, what type of cell is it most likely?

A) a prokaryotic cell
B) a fungal cell
C) a plant cell
D) an animal cell

Question 32

What does chromatin consist of?

A) only RNA
B) only DNA
C) both DNA and RNA
D) DNA and associated proteins

Question 33

Which of the following is synthesized in the nucleoli?

A) mRNAs
B) ribosomal subunits
C) chromatin
D) proteins

Question 34

What do mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?

A) Both are found in the majority of animal cells.
B) Both are engaged in cellular respiration.
C) Both are transforming energy.
D) Both are engaged in photosynthesis.

Question 35

What do mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?

A) Both contain chlorophyll.
B) Proteins made on free ribosomes may pass into both of them.
C) Both are members of the endomembrane system.
D) Both are found in most animal cells.

Question 36

Which organelles contain DNA?

A) lysosomes and ribosomes
B) lysosomes and mitochondria
C) chloroplasts and mitochondria
D) chloroplasts and ribosomes

Question 37

If a cell contains centrioles, which type of cell must it be?

A) an animal cell
B) a prokaryotic cell
C) a plant cell
D) a fungal cell

Question 38

Which network of protein filaments reinforce the inner surface of the nuclear envelope in animal cells?

A) actins
B) tubulins
C) lamins
D) chromatins

Question 39

What makes large quantities of proteins in the cells?

A) numerous cilia
B) numerous ribosomes
C) numerous centrioles
D) numerous chromosomes

Question 40

Which of the following groups belong to the domain of the prokaryotes?

A) bacteria
B) protists
C) fungi
D) animals

Question 41

Which protein comprises microtubules?

A) tubulins
B) actins
C) myosins
D) keratins

Question 42

Where does cellular respiration occur?

A) in lysosomes
B) in mitochondria
C) in chloroplasts
D) in peroxisomes

Question 43

If a cell is propelled through a medium in a whip-like motion, what does it most likely possess?

A) a capsule
B) cilia
C) a cell wall
D) a flagellum

Question 44

What is the function of the Golgi complex?

A) It synthesizes lipids.
B) It synthesizes proteins for export from the cell.
C) It receives proteins made in the rough ER and chemically modifies them.
D) It receives proteins made in the smooth ER and chemically modifies them.

Question 45

Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes for the digestion of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides?

A) the Golgi complex
B) the rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) the nucleus
D) the lysosome

Question 46

Which pair is NOT matched correctly?

A) plant cell wall; cellulose
B) intermediate filaments; tubulin
C) microfilaments; actin
D) cell membrane; phospholipid bilayer

Question 47

If a cell contains intermediate filaments, to which organism must the cell then belong?

A) to a unicellular organism
B) to a multicellular organism
C) to a protist
D) to a bacterium

Question 48

Which cellular component is capable of digestion?

A) the rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) the Golgi complex
C) the ribosome
D) the lysosome

Question 49

Cells that are more active in secreting enzymes would most likely exhibit which one of the following?

A) exocytosis
B) endocytosis
C) diffusion
D) osmosis

Question 50

At one point in human development, tissue that connected the fingers and the hand appeared to be "webbed." Enzymes eventually destroy the cells of the webbing and the fingers separate. Where are these enzymes probably liberated from?

A) from the nucleus
B) from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) from the chromosomes
D) from the lysosomes

Question 51

If a lysosome is analogous to the cell, which of the following is analogous to the animal body?

A) a digestive system
B) a muscle system
C) a nervous system
D) a reproductive system

Question 52

In the process of cellular respiration, what is converted to water and carbon dioxide during the formation of energy?

A) O₂ and CO₂
B) CO₂ and glucose
C) CO₂ and fats
D) O₂ and glucose

Question 53

What greatly increases the interior surface area of mitochondria?

A) centrioles
B) microfilaments
C) cristae
D) the matrix

Question 54

At which pH do lysosomes function best?

A) 3.2
B) 5.0
C) 6.5
D) 7.4

Question 55

If a lysosome is analogous to the animal cell, which of the following is analogous to the plant cell?

A) a chloroplast
B) a cell wall
C) a tonoplast
D) a vacuole

Question 56

When molecules are brought into the cell from the exterior, they need to be placed onto one of the following organelles for further routing to other locations. Which of the following organelles serve(s) the purpose of further routing?

A) the nucleus
B) lysosomes
C) mitochondria
D) ribosomes

Question 57

What comprises microfilaments?

A) keratins
B) tubulins
C) actins
D) myosins

Question 58

In what way are cilia and flagella similar?

A) They both propel a cell in the same way.
B) They both occur in great numbers.
C) They are identical in structure.
D) They are both of the same length.

Question 59

Which of the following radiate from the centre of the cell and anchor the ER, Golgi complex, lysosomes, and secretory vesicles in place?

A) microfilaments
B) microtubules
C) actins
D) laminins

Question 60

What comprises cytoskeletal elements?

A) proteins
B) triglycerides
C) phospholipids
D) glycogen

Question 61

If a flagellum is analogous to the cell, which of the following is analogous to the animal body?

A) a muscle system
B) a nervous system
C) a reproductive system
D) a digestive system

Question 62

What does the 9 + 2 system refer to?

A) both the Golgi complex and the endoplasmic reticulum
B) both the cilia and the nucleus
C) both the flagella and the plasma membrane
D) both the flagella and the cilia

Question 63

Which of the following may occupy more than 90% of a mature plant cell's volume?

A) chloroplasts
B) the rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) the central vacuole
D) the nucleus

Question 64

In plant cells, what provides cellular support and protects cells from pathogens?

A) the cell wall
B) the cell membrane
C) the cytoplasm
D) the plasmodesmata

Question 65

In which organelles are grana and thylakoids found as structural components?

A) ribosomes
B) mitochondria
C) chloroplasts
D) lysosomes

Question 66

In what way are lysosomes and plant vacuoles similar to each other?

A) They are both involved in cell movement.
B) They are both involved in cell digestion.
C) They are both involved in cell sensitivity.
D) They are both involved in cell reproduction.

Question 67

Where are cell walls found?

A) in plant and fungal cells
B) in plant cells only
C) in fungal cells only
D) in animal cells only

Question 68

Plant cells permit ions and small molecules to move between adjacent cells by means of cytoplasmic channels in their cell walls. What are these channels called?

A) plasmodesmata
B) cell junctions
C) desmosomes
D) gap junctions

Question 69

If a cell moves through water by moving the fluid over its surface, what does the cell mostly likely possess?

A) a capsule
B) a cell wall
C) cilia
D) a flagellum

Question 70

What are the principal structural components of cilia and flagella?

A) intermediate filaments
B) myosin microfilaments
C) actin microfilaments
D) microtubules

Question 71

From which cellular component do cilia and flagella arise?

A) the chromosome
B) the centriole
C) the nucleus
D) the Golgi complex

Question 72

Which of the following processes occurs in chloroplasts?

A) DNA synthesis
B) photosynthesis
C) protein synthesis
D) cellular digestion

Question 73

What is another name for the membrane that surrounds the central vacuole?

A) tonoplast
B) ionoplast
C) chloroplast
D) chromoplast

Question 74

Which of the following extend as a bundle from the base to the tip of a flagellum or cilium?

A) microfilaments
B) intermediate filaments
C) actins
D) microtubules

Question 75

What are plant cell walls composed of?

A) carbohydrates
B) proteins
C) phospholipids
D) steroids

Question 76

If a cell wall is analogous to the plant cell, which of the following is analogous to the animal cell?

A) the cytoskeleton
B) the capsule
C) the plasma membrane
D) the extracellular matrix

Question 77

What connects the cytoplasm of adjacent cells in plants?

A) the plasma membrane
B) plasmodesmata
C) the primary cell wall
D) the secondary cell wall

Question 78

Which of the following is the component of plant cell wall?

A) protein
B) chitin
C) cellulose
D) nucleic acid

Question 79

Which cell structures store starch in plants?

A) plastids
B) mitochondria
C) vacuoles
D) nucleus

Question 80

What do chloroplasts utilize light energy for?

A) to make carbohydrates
B) to make proteins
C) to make nucleic acids
D) to make fats