Deck 12: Personality

Question 1

Endomorph is to ectomorph as ____ is to ____.

A)tall; short
B)fat; thin
C)male; female
D)sad; happy

Answer 1

fat; thin

Question 2

Which of the following describes the Five-Factor model dimension of conscientiousness

A)A general appreciation for art, adventure, and experience
B)A tendency to show discipline and aim for achievement
C)A tendency to experience positive emotions
D)A tendency to experience negative emotions

Answer 2

A tendency to show discipline and aim for achievement

Question 3

The _______ is the most widely administered personality test in the world.

A)Eysenck Personality Inventory
B)Five Factor Inventory
C)Rorschach Inkblot Test
D)Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Answer 3

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Question 4

Which of the following early personality theorists is associated with the use of the terms endomorph and ectomorph

A)Gall
B)Sheldon
C)Cattell
D)Eysenck

Question 5

Which of the following defines somatology

A)Personality is expressed in the color of the eyes
B)Personality is expressed in body type
C)Personality is expressed in the shape of the skull
D)Personality is expressed in facial characteristics

Question 6

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assesses each of the four dimensions EXCEPT:

A)thinking vs.feeling
B)judging vs.perceiving
C)sensing vs.intuiting
D)individualism vs.collectivism

Question 7

Which of the following describes the Five-Factor model dimension of openness to experience

A)A general appreciation for art, adventure, and experience
B)A tendency to show discipline and aim for achievement
C)A tendency to experience positive emotions
D)A tendency to experience negative emotions

Question 8

____________ act in ways to stand out from others. By contrast, _________ acts in ways to emphasize their similarity to others.

A)Individualists; collectivists
B)People with an internal locus of control; people with an external locus of control
C)Collectivists; individualists
D)People with an external locus of control; people with an internal locus of control

Question 9

According to your text, scores on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator change over time and scores do not relate to other measures of personality . The clauses in this quotation question the MBTI's ________ and its __________ respectively.

A)validity; objectivity
B)objectivity; validity
C)reliability; objectivity
D)reliability; validity

Question 10

Which of the following defines physiognomy

A)Personality is expressed in the color of the eyes
B)Personality is expressed in physical appearance
C)Personality is expressed in the shape of the skull
D)Personality is expressed in facial characteristics

Question 11

Which of the following describes the Five-Factor model dimension of extroversion

A)A general appreciation for art, adventure, and experience
B)A tendency to show discipline and aim for achievement
C)A tendency to experience positive emotions
D)A tendency to experience negative emotions

Question 12

Self-esteem and self-consciousness are examples of personality ___________.

A)components
B)dimensions
C)factors
D)traits

Question 13

Early personality theories assumed that personality was expressed in people's physical appearance. Which alternative correctly matches an early approach with a definition

A)physiognomy -- personality is expressed in the shape of the skull
B)phrenology - personality is expressed in body type
C)somatology - personality is expressed in the shape of the skull
D)physiognomy - personality is expressed in facial characteristics

Question 14

Which of the following early approaches to personality has enjoyed at least some empirical support

A)phrenology
B)somatology
C)physiognomy
D)None of these have any empirical support.

Question 15

There are nearly _________ English words that can be used to describe people.

A)5,000
B)10,000
C)20,000
D)35,000

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT among the early trait theorists mentioned in your text

A)Cattell
B)Sheldon
C)Allport
D)Eysenck

Question 17

Belva invests a portion of her paycheck in high-risk stocks. She believes that an aggressive investment strategy will yield the highest returns in the long run. Mortie invests his money in more conservative government bonds to minimize his chances of losing money. Belva displays a __________. Mortie reflects a __________.

A)prevention orientation; promotion orientation
B)promotion orientation; prevention orientation
C)need for achievement; need for cognition
D)need for cognition; need for achievement

Question 18

Which of the following defines phrenology

A)Personality is expressed in the color of the eyes
B)Personality is expressed in physical appearance
C)Personality is expressed in the shape of the skull
D)Personality is expressed in facial characteristics

Question 19

Early personality theories assumed that personality was expressed in people's physical appearance. Which alternative correctly matches an early theorist with an approach

A)Gall - physiognomy
B)Sheldon - phrenology
C)Gall - somatology
D)None of these is correctly matched.

Question 20

Psychologists use the term __________ to refer to the pattern of enduring characteristics that lend stability and consistency to an individual's behavior and serve to differentiate one individual from another.

A)personality
B)temperament
C)character
D)cognition

Question 21

Which of the following describes the individual difference measure of Authoritarianism

A)Conventional, superstitious, and concerned with sex
B)Believing that one can control his or her own outcomes
C)Examining one's own self and feelings
D)Enjoying thinking about things

Question 22

With respect to the Big five personality dimensions, presidential success is associated:

A)negatively with openness and positively with conscientiousness
B)negatively with openness and positively with agreeableness
C)positively with openness and positively with agreeableness
D)positively with openness and negatively with agreeableness

Question 23

Which of the Big Five personality dimensions also appeared in Eysenck's theory

A)extraversion
B)agreeableness
C)neuroticism
D)openness

Question 24

Pearl is gentle, cooperative, trusting, and helpful. Ruby is outgoing, talkative, fun-loving, and affectionate. Pearl probably scores high on the Big Five dimension of _____, whereas Ruby likely scores high on _____.

A)openness; agreeableness
B)eagerness; cheerfulness
C)agreeableness; extraversion
D)extraversion; openness

Question 25

________ trait is to source trait as Allport is to _________.

A)Central; Sheldon
B)Cardinal; Cattell
C)Central; Eysenck
D)Central; Cattell

Question 26

Recall the discussion of theories in your text's research methods section. The Big Five model of personality is a good theory because it is

A)complex
B)parsimonious
C)proven
D)popular

Question 27

Which of the following specific traits is CORRECTLY paired with a description in terms of the Big Five dimensions

A)kind - high extraversion
B)curious - high conscientiousness
C)calm - high agreeableness
D)imaginative - high openness

Question 28

The "Big Five" personality dimensions demonstrate:

A)predictive validity
B)cross-cultural generality
C)clinical significance
D)A, B, and C

Question 29

A graduate student is using a statistical software package to identify the relationships among many personality traits and to isolate the basic dimensions. She is performing _________ analysis.

A)trend
B)matrix
C)factor
D)regression

Question 30

Which of the following describes the individual difference measure of self-consciousness

A)Conventional, superstitious, and concerned with sex
B)Believing that one can control his or her own outcomes
C)Examining one's own self and feelings
D)Enjoying thinking about things

Question 31

Which of the following describes the Five-Factor model dimension of neuroticism

A)A general appreciation for art, adventure, and experience
B)A tendency to show discipline and aim for achievement
C)A tendency to experience positive emotions
D)A tendency to experience negative emotions

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT one of the "Big Five" personality dimensions

A)extraversion
B)openness
C)neuroticism
D)psychoticism

Question 33

The "Big Five": what am I talking about

A)a current promotion by a national pizza chain
B)the world's five biggest carmakers
C)five key personality factors: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
D)the five most common defense mechanisms: repression, denial, sublimation, reaction formation, and projection

Question 34

Which of the following describes the individual difference measure of self-efficacy

A)Conventional, superstitious, and concerned with sex
B)Believing that one can control his or her own outcomes
C)Examining one's own self and feelings
D)Enjoying thinking about things

Question 35

Carlos is emotionally unstable, insecure, anxious, and moody. Quinn is disorganized, spontaneous, and impulsive. Johann is quiet, serious, and somewhat timid. Finally, Kristy is imaginative, independent, and fond of variety. Which of these individuals is CORRECTLY matched with a Big Five personality description

A)Quinn - low conscientiousness
B)Carlos - low openness
C)Kristy - high extraversion
D)Johann - high agreeableness

Question 36

Garner is imaginative, curious, and interested in new ideas. Brandy is conventional, down-to-earth, and has limited interests. It is likely that Garner scores high while Brandy scores low on the Big Five personality dimension of ________.

A)neuroticism
B)openness
C)extraversion
D)agreeableness

Question 37

According to your text, "a pattern of high conscientiousness, low neuroticism, and high agreeableness predicts successful job performance." This statement supports the ________ of measures of the Big Five personality dimensions.

A)parsimony
B)reliability
C)objectivity
D)validity

Question 38

Which of the following describes the individual difference measure of Need for cognition

A)Conventional, superstitious, and concerned with sex
B)Believing that one can control his or her own outcomes
C)Examining one's own self and feelings
D)Enjoying thinking about things

Question 39

An all-consuming need for power is sometimes known as Machiavellianism. Because the trait is named in his honor, it would be reasonable to suppose that the need for power was a ________ trait for the Italian prince.

A)secondary
B)primary
C)central
D)cardinal

Question 40

Which of the following sequences CORRECTLY arranges Allport's trait categories from the MOST SPECIFIC to the BROADEST

A)secondary $\rightarrow$ central $\rightarrow$ cardinal
B)secondary $\rightarrow$ cardinal $\rightarrow$ central
C)cardinal $\rightarrow$ secondary $\rightarrow$ central
D)cardinal $\rightarrow$ central $\rightarrow$ secondary

Question 41

Inkblot is to picture as ________ is to _______.

A)Rorschach; TAT
B)TAT; Rorschach
C)MMPI; TAT
D)Rorschach; MMPI

Question 42

Which alternative correctly identifies an advantage or a disadvantage of the Big Five model of personality

A)disadvantage - the theory does not predict behavior accurately
B)advantage - the theory captures virtually all the important aspects of personality
C)advantage - the theory is parsimonious
D)disadvantage - the theory lacks cross-cultural generality

Question 43

The traits an individual expresses in one situation are strongly related to those they express in other situations.

Question 44

Which of the following are valid criticisms of projective tests of personality

A)Projective tests are not valid.
B)Projective tests are not reliable.
C)Projective tests do not tap into the unconscious
D)A and B, but not C

Question 45

Eysenck made important contributions to understanding of introversion/extraversion.

Question 46

Research has found which of the following

A)People overestimate traits in themselves
B)People overestimate traits in others
C)People overestimate traits in themselves and in others
D)People rarely use traits in describing others

Question 47

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a valid personality measure.

Question 48

Pam's self-esteem is healthy, and she has a definite need for achievement. With respect to the Big Five personality factors, Pam is most likely:

A)high in both conscientiousness and agreeableness
B)high in openness and low in neuroticism
C)high in both openness and extraversion
D)high in conscientiousness and low in neuroticism

Question 49

Minnie is taking the TAT. Tammy is taking the Rorschach. Minnie is looking at _________. Tammy is examining ________.

A)inkblots; pictures
B)inkblots; inkblots, too
C)pictures; pictures, too
D)pictures; inkblots

Question 50

Which of the following are two traits that have been used to describe effective leaders

A)conscientiousness and charismatic
B)forward-seeking and transformational
C)charismatic and transformational
D)charismatic and other-oriented

Question 51

Which correlation coefficient best reflects the relationship between the traits an individual displays in one situation and those she displays in other situations

A)r = .00
B)r =.15
C)r =.30
D)r =.50

Question 52

The Rorschach and TAT are designed to measure unconscious processes.

Question 53

The MMPI is a projective test of personality.

Question 54

Authoritarianism is one of the "Big Five" personality dimensions.

Question 55

Which of the following is a definition of leadership

A)The ability to direct or inspire others
B)The ability to look forward
C)The ability to link self and other
D)Leadership is the same as intelligence

Question 56

Which of the following psychologists is LEAST likely to endorse the view that behavior is determined largely by situations, rather than by internal traits

A)Bandura
B)Mischel
C)Skinner
D)Allport

Question 57

Dr. Abbott is an industrial/organizational psychologist. She is examining the relationships among scores on certain MMPI-2 scales and measures of job satisfaction in a particular industry. Dr. Abbott's work exemplifies _________ research.

A)experimental
B)correlational
C)archival
D)observational

Question 58

Bernie faithfully dials 1-866-PSYCHIC when he faces a big decision or when he simply feels uncertain. He believes the prognostications of the "gifted advisor," even though the predictions are so vague that virtually anyone's experiences would confirm them. Bernie's example illustrates the _______ effect.

A)Barnum
B)Mischel
C)Bandura
D)Allport

Question 59

Which of the following is most descriptive of research on traits

A)The concept of trait is the same as the concept of attitude
B)People rarely use traits in describing others
C)The situation that people are in influences which traits they express
D)People tend to see more traits in themselves than they do in others

Question 60

The TAT and the Rorschach are ________ tests of personality.

A)objective
B)reflective
C)projective
D)self-report

Question 61

Very broadly, nature is to nurture as the ____ is to the _____ in Freud's theory of personality.

A)id; superego
B)superego; id
C)superego; ego
D)ego; superego

Question 62

Anastasia is using a statistical procedure to detect the broader dimensions underlying a large number of more specific personality traits. She is performing __________.

Question 63

Why do dreams, fantasies, and slips of the tongue offer important data in the view of psychoanalytic psychologists

A)Dreams, fantasies, and slips of the tongue offer clues to the contents of the conscious mind.
B)Dreams, fantasies, and slips of the tongue allow us to observe the contents of the unconscious mind directly.
C)Dreams, fantasies, and slips of the tongue allow us to observe the contents of the conscious mind directly.
D)Dreams, fantasies, and slips of the tongue offer clues to the contents of the unconscious mind.

Question 64

Which of Freud's personality structures is CORRECTLY matched with a descriptive term

A)id-pleasure principle
B)ego-conscience
C)superego-reality principle
D)All of these are correctly matched.

Question 65

Which of the following psychologists is NOT aligned with the psychodynamic perspective on personality

A)Jung
B)Adler
C)Horney
D)Eysenck

Question 66

Projective tests suffer from low reliability.

Question 67

The TAT features sketches of ambiguous situations.

Question 68

Cardinal traits are ________ specific than are central traits.

Question 69

Which alternative correctly defines the superego

A)Represents morality and oughts
B)Consists of primitive, instinctual urges
C)The conscious controller of personality
D)The representation of sexual desires

Question 70

Which alternative correctly pairs one of Freud's structures with a description

A)ego-represents the rights and wrongs of society
B)id-consists of primitive, instinctual urges
C)superego-raw, inborn part of personality
D)modus - balances sexual and aggressive desires world

Question 71

Which alternative correctly defines the id

A)Represents morality and oughts
B)Consists of primitive, instinctual urges
C)The conscious controller of personality
D)The representation of sexual norms

Question 72

Barry is looking at an abstract collage of colors, lines, and shapes, trying to come up with an interpretation of it. Barry may be taking some sort of _________ personality test.

Question 73

The psychologist Walter ________ argued that behavior may reflect the situation to a greater extent than it does the influence of personality traits.

Question 74

Dr. Ashworth believes that one's personality largely reflects internal, unconscious forces. Dr. Ashworth appears to take a(n) ___________ approach to personality.

A)humanistic
B)trait
C)psychodynamic
D)evolutionary

Question 75

The ________________, or MMPI, is one of the major questionnaire measures of personality.

Question 76

Which alternative correctly defines the ego

A)Represents morality and oughts
B)Consists of primitive, instinctual urges
C)The conscious controller of personality
D)The representation of sexual norms

Question 77

Frankie swears by his daily horoscope; its predictions, however, are so general they could apply to anyone. This example illustrates the ________ effect.

Question 78

Your text offers the acronym OCEAN as way to help you remember the "Big Five" personality dimensions. The A stands for ____________.

Question 79

"Every time I take it, it comes up with something different!" remarks Rita, turning away from the online personality quiz she just completed. Rita is complaining about the test's __________.

Question 80

Facial characteristics are to body types as ___________ is to somatology.