Deck 9: Intelligence and Language

Question 1

Laverne's scores on different parts of an IQ test are very different from one another. Laverne's profile of scores on the test:

A)contradicts the view of intelligence offered by such early theorists as Spearman
B)supports the view of intelligence offered by such early theorists as Spearman
C)contradicts such contemporary theories of intelligence as Gardner's
D)contradicts both Spearman's and Gardner's views of intelligence

Answer 1

contradicts the view of intelligence offered by such early theorists as Spearman

Question 2

Which of the following defines intelligence

A)Knowing a lot about many topics
B)Being able to remember information easily
C)Solving mental rotation tasks quickly
D)The capacity to learn from experience, solve problems, and to adapt to new situations.

Answer 2

The capacity to learn from experience, solve problems, and to adapt to new situations.

Question 3

Several students are studying the "Intelligence" chapter in their psychology text for an upcoming test. Which student below is offering an INCORRECT definition of intelligence

A)Ginny: "Intelligence refers to the ability to adjust to new situations."
B)Irina: "Intelligence measures only book learning and test-taking ability."
C)Janice: "Intelligence refers to reasoning and problem solving abilities."
D)Kevin: "Intelligence refers to abstract thinking capabilities and the ability to understand complex ideas."

Answer 3

Irina: "Intelligence measures only book learning and test-taking ability."

Question 4

How does the relationship between intelligence and successful educational, occupational, economic, and social outcomes compare to the relationship between other individual difference variables and such outcomes

A)Intelligence is more strongly related to successful educational, occupational, economic, and social outcomes than is any other individual difference variable.
B)Intelligence is more strongly related to successful educational, occupational, economic, and social outcomes than are most other individual difference variables.
C)Intelligence is more strongly related to successful educational, occupational, economic, and social outcomes than are some other individual difference variables.
D)Intelligence is about as strongly related to successful educational, occupational, economic, and social outcomes as are most other individual difference variables.

Question 5

Early theorists inferred the existence of a general intelligence g factor from:

A)the high validity coefficients for the results of individual tests
B)the low validity coefficients for the results of individual tests
C)the low intercorrelations among tests of different intellectual skills
D)the positive intercorrelations among tests of different intellectual skills

Question 6

Ashley, a psychology major, remarks that she has become interested in the study of intelligence. In other words, Ashley is interested in:

A)the capacity to learn from experience, solve problems, and to adapt to new situations
B)how behavior changes as a result of experience
C)the factors directing behavior toward a goal
D)the ability to generate novel solutions to problems

Question 7

The first legitimate intelligence tests were developed by:

A)Galton
B)Binet
C)Piaget
D)Weschler

Question 8

Which of the following defines personnel selection

A)Computing the average score of an intelligence test at different age levels
B)The age at which a given person is performing intellectually
C)Changing intelligence tests to make their questions more similar
D)Using structured tests to select people who are likely to do well at a task

Question 9

If g exists, then one should find which of the following

A)People should get very different scores on different components of an IQ test
B)There should be a non-normal distribution of IQ scores in the population at large
C)Average scores on IQ tests should be low
D)People should get similar scores on different components of an IQ test

Question 10

Based on your text's discussion, which alternative best describes the relationship between intelligence and presidential leadership ability

A)negative
B)curvilinear
C)zero
D)positive

Question 11

Which of the following defines general intelligence (g)

A)The things that different types of intelligence tests have in common
B)The things that make different intelligence tests different from each other
C)The average of analytical, practical, and creative intelligence
D)The capacity to solve problems

Question 12

The practical problem Alfred Binet was trying to solve when he developed his intelligence test was:

A)devising a culturally fair measure of intelligence
B)devising an uncontaminated measure of intelligence
C)assessing soldiers' aptitude for combat and leadership roles
D)helping teachers better educating students of differing abilities

Question 13

Key questions asked by psychologists regarding intelligence include each of the following EXCEPT:

A)Is there more than one kind of intelligence
B)Do different cultures view intelligence differently
C)Is intelligence mainly a product of genetics or of the environment
D)To what extent does intelligence reflect unconscious cognitive processes

Question 14

Early theorists such as Spearman argued that g represented basic intelligence. According to these theorists, individuals high in g

A)have an advantage in every intellectual endeavor
B)excel at numerical but not verbal tasks
C)excel at visual but not verbal tasks
D)excel at verbal and numerical tasks, but not visual ones

Question 15

The g-factor is:

A)a broad factor that supports every aspect of intelligence
B)one of several components of intelligence
C)the same thing as crystallized intelligence
D)related to practical intelligence, but not to analytical intelligence

Question 16

Psychologists define _________ as the capacity to learn from experience, solve problems, and to adapt to new situations.

A)cognition
B)intelligence
C)creativity
D)problem solving

Question 17

Bonnie studied car mechanics in high school and spent a lot of time helping out at her dad's garage. Her ability to fix a car relies primarily on her _________ intelligence

A)fluid
B)flexible
C)alpha
D)crystallized

Question 18

Regarding communication and language, which of the following statements is MOST accurate

A)Language is similar to communication.
B)Language is synonymous with communication.
C)Language is a form of communication.
D)Communication is a form of language.

Question 19

The psychologist _________ developed an American version of Binet's test, known as the

A)Stanford; Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test
B)Terman; Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test
C)Spearman; Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test
D)Weschler; Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale

Question 20

Which of the following defines standardization

A)Computing the average score of an intelligence test at different age levels
B)The age at which a given person is performing intellectually
C)Changing intelligence tests to make their questions more similar
D)Using structured tests to select people who are likely to do well at a task

Question 21

The ability to generate original ideas or develop novel solutions to problems is known as:

A)convergent thinking
B)insight learning
C)practical intelligence
D)divergent thinking

Question 22

According to your text, one positive feature of Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is:

A)the empirical support it has received
B)the intuitive appeal of the underlying concept
C)its emphasis on important abilities that have been neglected in education
D)its focus on cases of brain damage, as well as of mental retardation and giftedness

Question 23

Collectivist cultures, such Taiwan's, place a high priority on how individuals relate to each other. It might be reasonable to hypothesize that Taiwanese adults might outscore American adults on a test of Gardner's _________ intelligence.

A)naturalistic
B)intrapersonal
C)practical
D)interpersonal

Question 24

A psychological test is said to be reliable to the extent that it:

A)measures what it is supposed to measure.
B)has been normed using samples representative of those for whom the test has been designed.
C)yields consistent measurements.
D)includes objective items.

Question 25

Gardner's theory includes each of the following types of intelligence EXCEPT:

A)Tacit intelligence
B)Musical intelligence
C)Kinesthetic intelligence
D)Interpersonal intelligence

Question 26

Imagine a graph showing fluid and crystallized intelligence scores as a function of age. Age appears on the x-axis, with increasing age toward the right. One curve portrays fluid intelligence scores; the other, crystallized intelligence scores. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the two curves as age increases

A)The two curves converge.
B)The two curves remain parallel.
C)The curves diverge; the slope of the fluid intelligence curve eventually becomes increasingly negative; the slope of the crystallized intelligence curve does not.
D)The curves diverge; the slope of the fluid intelligence curve eventually becomes increasingly negative; the slope of the crystallized intelligence curve eventually becomes positive.

Question 27

A psychological test is said to be valid to the extent that it:

A)measures what it is supposed to measure
B)has been normed using samples representative of those for whom the test has been designed.
C)yields consistent measurements
D)includes objective items

Question 28

Jody is completing a test in which she has to name as many state capitals as she can in one minute; Aditi is trying to complete analogies between pairs of abstract diagrams. Jody is taking a test of _________ intelligence; Aditi, a test of __________.

A)fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence
B)fluid intelligence; fluid intelligence too
C)crystallized intelligence; crystallized intelligence too
D)crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence

Question 29

The notion of practical intelligence is associated with:

A)Gardner
B)Sternberg
C)Weschler
D)Spearman

Question 30

Important components of creativity include:

A)imagination
B)a creative environment
C)expertise
D)A, B, and C

Question 31

Kyana is an excellent salesperson because she can always find a way of connecting with a potential client. Based on this information, in which kind of intelligence would Gardner expect Kyana to be high

A)intrapersonal
B)creative
C)interpersonal
D)linguistic

Question 32

Traditional intelligence tests tend to assess _______ thinking; tests of creativity tap into __________.

A)divergent thinking; convergent thinking
B)divergent thinking; abstract thinking
C)convergent thinking; divergent thinking
D)abstract thinking; convergent thinking

Question 33

Which of the following is most likely to draw on crystallized intelligence

A)solving a new kind of logic puzzle
B)answering trivia questions
C)figuring out how to fix an unfamiliar appliance
D)negotiating a social situation completely outside of one's experience (e.g., a state dinner)

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT among the three types of intelligence proposed by Sternberg

A)analytical
B)practical
C)logical
D)creative

Question 35

Your text defines creativity as "the ability to generate original ideas or solve problems in novel ways"; it defines divergent thinking as "the ability to generate unusual, yet appropriate, responses to problems." Based on these definitions, what type of correlation coefficient might you find between scores on a measure of creativity and those on a measure of divergent thinking

A)a strong positive one
B)a zero one
C)a negative one
D)a weak positive one

Question 36

Which alternative correctly pairs an intelligence theorist with the number of types of intelligence he proposed

A)Thurstone - 7
B)Gardner -- 3
C)Sternberg - 7
D)Thurstone - 3
E)Gardner - 7

Question 37

Your text suggests that the correlation coefficients often found between scores on traditional intelligence tests and scores on measures of creativity are:

A)positive, but weak
B)positive and strong
C)essentially zero
D)negative, but weak

Question 38

Studies of changes in intelligence as a function of aging suggest that:

A)both fluid and crystallized intelligence tend to decline equally with age in adults
B)crystallized intelligence tends to decline with age in adults but fluid intelligence does not
C)fluid intelligence increases with age in adults, whereas crystallized intelligence tends to decline with age in adults
D)fluid intelligence tends to decline with age in adults but crystallized intelligence does not

Question 39

Which of the following is one of Gardner's forms of intelligence

A)General intelligence
B)Analytical intelligence
C)Crystallized intelligence
D)Spatial intelligence

Question 40

Janet has a knack for figuring things out. When faced with puzzles and problems she has never seen before, Janet always manages to find a solution. Janet is high in __________ intelligence.

A)practical
B)flexible
C)fluid
D)crystallized

Question 41

Laura is 8; her performance on a series of tasks is equivalent to that of the average 10-year-old. Her intelligence quotient is:

A)120
B)80
C)110
D)125

Question 42

Which statement best expresses the relationship between a test's reliability is and its validity.

A)Reliability is a necessary condition for a test's validity.
B)Reliability is a sufficient condition for a test's validity.
C)Reliability is a sufficient, but not necessary, condition for a test's validity.
D)Reliability is both sufficient and necessary for a test's validity.

Question 43

Which of the following is an aptitude, rather than an intelligence, test

A)WISC
B)WAIS
C)Raven's progressive matrices
D)GRE

Question 44

According to your text, WAIS scores correlate highly with scores on other IQ tests, such as the Stanford-Binet, as well as with college grades and measures of work success. These correlations most clearly support the WAIS's:

A)reliability
B)validity
C)standardization
D)reliability and validity

Question 45

Intelligence is positively related to:

A)the number of neurons in the brain
B)the thickness of the cortex
C)the volume of the brain
D)A, B, and C

Question 46

Imagine that the average 6-year-old can complete a particular block design puzzle in 5 minutes. It takes Bailey, who is 6 years old, 8 minutes to complete the task. In Binet's terms, Bailey's ________ age is ________ than 6; his IQ is thus ________ than 100.

A)chronological; higher; greater
B)chronological; lower; less
C)mental; higher; greater
D)mental; lower; less

Question 47

Aptitude tests include each of the following EXCEPT the:

A)GRE
B)MCAT
C)LSAT
D)WISC

Question 48

The formula for the intelligence quotient as Binet defined it is:

A)CA/MA x 100
B)MA/CA x 100
C)CA/(MA x 100)
D)MA/(CA x 100)

Question 49

Contemporary tests of intelligence in widespread use in the United States include each of the following EXCEPT the:

A)WISC-IV
B)WAIS-IV
C)Spearman G Scale
D)Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

Question 50

For which WAIS dimension should scores show the lowest correlation with scores on a measure of Spearman's g

A)processing speed
B)working memory
C)verbal intelligence
D)perceptual processing

Question 51

A psychological test is said to be standardized to the extent that it:

A)measures what it is supposed to measure
B)has been normed using a sample representative of those for whom the test has been designed
C)yields consistent measurements
D)includes objective items

Question 52

Based on your text's discussion of the Flynn effect, how might the IQ of the average 18-year-old today compare with that of her counterpart 60 years ago

A)The IQ score of the average 18-year-old today is about 20 points lower than that of her counterpart 60 years ago.
B)The IQ score of the average 18-year-old today is about 10 points lower than that of her counterpart 60 years ago.
C)The IQ score of the average 18-year-old today is about the same as that of her counterpart 60 years ago.
D)The IQ score of the average 18-year-old today is about 15 points higher than that of her counterpart 60 years ago.

Question 53

Which of the following alternatives best expresses the distinction between the WAIS and WISC

A)The WAIS and the WISC are alternative forms of the same test.
B)The WAIS is a test of verbal intelligence whereas the WISC is a test of nonverbal intelligence.
C)The WAIS is used to test adult intelligence whereas the WISC is used to test children's intelligence.
D)The WAIS is the current successor to the WISC, an older test of intelligence.

Question 54

The WAIS yields scores on each of the following dimensions EXCEPT:

A)divergent thinking
B)processing speed
C)working memory
D)verbal intelligence

Question 55

The correlation between SAT scores and scores on standard measures of intelligence is approximately _______. This coefficient supports the SAT's _______.

A)0.50; reliability
B)0.50; validity
C)0.70; standardization
D)0.70; validity

Question 56

The Flynn Effect refers to:

A)the role of genetic inheritance in the development of intelligence
B)the effects of cultural expectations on intelligence scores
C)the high correlation between multiple intelligences
D)the recent worldwide improvement in intelligence scores

Question 57

The most commonly used IQ test in the United States is the:

A)Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
B)Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale
C)Stangor "How Smart are You" Scale
D)Terman Intelligence Battery

Question 58

An online intelligence test yields a different IQ each time you take it. The test is:

A)possibly reliable, but definitely not valid
B)not reliable, and probably not valid either
C)not reliable, but still possibly valid
D)still possibly reliable, and still potentially valid

Question 59

The fact that SAT scores are correlated with measures of intelligence supports the _____ of the SAT

A)reliability
B)validity
C)standardization
D)invalidity

Question 60

The pattern of scores usually observed in a variable that clusters around its average is known as a

A)statistical anomaly
B)statistical average
C)bell curve
D)standard deviation

Question 61

Intelligence is positively associated with longevity.

Question 62

Your text reports that in the early years of the 20th century, advocates for the disadvantaged argued that good education can lift the IQ scores of the disadvantaged. In light of subsequent research, were the advocates correct

A)No.Intelligence largely reflects genetic mechanisms.
B)Not quite.Education and IQ scores are related, but not in a cause-and-effect way.
C)Somewhat.Increases in IQ scores stemming from enriched education are generally short-lived.
D)Yes.A lack of schooling results in continuing declines in IQ.

Question 63

The aspect of emotional intelligence that is most strongly supported by empirical research is emotional __________.

A)experience
B)recognition
C)identification
D)regulation

Question 64

The notion that practical intelligence is separate from g is well-supported empirically.

Question 65

Studies comparing identical and fraternal twins reveal that:

A)identical twins have more highly correlated intelligence scores
B)identical twins are generally better in verbal tasks than fraternal twins
C)identical twins have higher IQ scores than fraternal twins
D)both groups have equally highly correlated intelligence scores

Question 66

Charles Spearman developed the first intelligence test.

Question 67

The ability to regulate one's emotions is positively associated with:

A)SAT scores
B)ratings of social skills
C)the ability to cope with frustration
D)A, B, and C

Question 68

A persisting issue or controversy in psychology that is especially relevant to the study of intelligence is that of:

A)nature vs.nurture
B)free will vs.determinism
C)observable behavior vs.internal mental processes
D)the unconscious vs.the conscious determinants of behavior

Question 69

Intelligence is found primarily in the

A)cortex
B)amygdala
C)hippocampus
D)cerebellum

Question 70

Which of the following interpretations is consistent with the correlation between intelligence scores and the number of neurons in the brain

A)Having a higher number of neurons in the brain produces intelligence.
B)A rich intellectual environment stimulates neuronal production in the brain.
C)Good nutrition both yields intelligence and stimulates neuronal production.
D)Each of these interpretations is consistent with the correlation.

Question 71

Psychologists use the term divergent thinking to refer to the ability to generate new solutions to problems.

Question 72

Which of the following pairs of correlation coefficients most closely corresponds to the observed correlations between the intelligence scores of adopted children and those of their adoptive or biological parents

A)child-adoptive: 0.20; child-biological: 0.40
B)child-adoptive: 0.40; child-biological: 0.40
C)child-adoptive: 0.20; child-biological: 0.20
D)child-adoptive: 0.50; child-biological: 0.50

Question 73

Which of the following is the best evidence for a genetic contribution to intelligence

A)the high correlation between intelligence scores of roommates
B)the fact that test scores of identical twins reared together tend to be more highly correlated than the scores of identical twins reared apart
C)the fact that intelligence scores of identical twins tend to be more similar than those of fraternal twins
D)the fact that intelligence scores of fraternal twins tend to be more similar than those of non-twin siblings

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT among the criticisms that have been levied against emotional intelligence and the tests that claim to measure it

A)It is not clear whether emotional intelligence predicts job performance.
B)Emotional intelligence scales assess knowledge of emotions, rather than how emotions are used.
C)People higher in emotional intelligence are no healthier than people lower in emotional intelligence.
D)Emotional intelligence is better considered a personality trait than a type of intelligence.

Question 75

The most widely used test of adult intelligence is the WAIS-IV.

Question 76

The ability to identify, assess, manage, and control one's emotions is known as

A)Emotion-cognition control
B)Emotion recognition
C)Emotional intelligence
D)The WAIS emotion scale

Question 77

Recall your text's discussion of emotional intelligence. The ________ of a measure of emotional intelligence would be supported by positive correlations between scores on the measure and scores on a measure of Gardner's _______ intelligence.

A)validity; kinesthetic
B)validity; interpersonal
C)validity; interpersonal or intrapersonal
D)reliability; interpersonal

Question 78

The New York Times crossword puzzle draws primarily on crystallized intelligence.

Question 79

Angie is computing the correlation between the intelligence test scores and the household incomes of a large sample of American adults. What type of correlation should she find

A)a negative correlation
B)a zero correlation
C)a positive correlation
D)a perfect correlation

Question 80

A researcher finds a significant correlation between the IQ scores and the socioeconomic status (SES) of a large sample of American adults. Which of the following can she conclude

A)Low IQ produces low SES.
B)High IQ leads to high SES.
C)SES is related to IQ.
D)Low SES results in low IQ.