Deck 7: Radio, Recording, and Popular Music

Question 1

"Radio" that is delivered to people's homes through their cable and/or satellite television services is called

A) P2P.
B) IBOC.
C) DMX.
D) DARS.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

German immigrant Emile Berliner developed an improved sound recording device in 1887 called the

A) gramophone.
B) dictaphone.
C) vitaphone.
D) diskophone.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The primary drawback of the Edison talking machine for sound recording was

A) poor sound fidelity made it unpopular with listeners.
B) high cost made it unpopular with buyers.
C) its availability could not meet demand.
D) recordings could not be copied.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What was the major advance that Berliner's gramophone brought to sound recording?

A) It could accurately reproduce high fidelity.
B) It could run on battery power.
C) It allowed for the creation of a master, from which copies could be made.
D) all of these

Question 5

The first "talking machine," or sound-recording method,was developed in 1887 by

A) Lee DeForest.
B) Thomas Edison.
C) David Sarnoff.
D) Reginald Fessenden.

Question 6

The _________ deal is how the music business operated for decades.It states that the label underwrites the recording,manufacturing,distribution,and promotion of its artists' music.

A) standard distribution
B) profit sharing
C) 360
D) license

Question 7

Which of the following was NOT a part of the creation of the Radio Corporation of America?

A) American Marconi
B) General Electric
C) American Telephone and Telegraph
D) Columbia Broadcasting System

Question 8

Some people consider _____________ the "Father of Radio," because he was the first person to send radio waves over long distances.

A) Lee DeForest
B) Guglielmo Marconi
C) David Sarnoff
D) Heinrich Hertz

Question 9

Lee DeForest's major contribution to the history of radio,other than the invention of the audion tube,was the development and popularization of the use of radio for

A) advertising.
B) news.
C) broadcasting.
D) ship-to-shore communication.

Question 10

Canadian inventor _____________ developed the liquid barretter in 1903,making possible the radio reception of voices.

A) Lee DeForest
B) Thomas Edison
C) David Sarnoff
D) Reginald Fessenden

Question 11

The audion tube,a vacuum tube that improved and amplified wireless signals,was developed in 1906 by

A) Lee DeForest.
B) Thomas Edison.
C) David Sarnoff.
D) Reginald Fessenden.

Question 12

Immediately after World War I,the U.S.government,concerned that the development of radio would be delayed by patent fights and that its future would be controlled by a foreign company (British Marconi),established a government-sanctioned monopoly to run radio called

A) American Marconi.
B) General Electric.
C) American Telephone and Telegraph.
D) Radio Corporation of America.

Question 13

Beyond the development of the gramophone,Emile Berliner advanced sound recording through his importation of well-known music from Europe and the

A) development of the 45 rpm record.
B) development of the 33-1/3 rpm record.
C) development of the battery-powered phonograph.
D) development of a sophisticated microphone for recording.

Question 14

Web "radio stations" that exist solely on the Web are referred to as

A) IBOCs.
B) bitcasters.
C) pirate stations.
D) streamers.

Question 15

_____________ refers to freely downloaded software from the Web.

A) Open source
B) P2P
C) Napster
D) Bitcast

Question 16

_____________ was the first person to send voices and music over the air.

A) Lee DeForest
B) Guglielmo Marconi
C) David Sarnoff
D) Heinrich Hertz

Question 17

Online audio file sharing that employs a person-to-person exchange of files while bypassing centralized servers is called

A) P2P.
B) Napster.
C) IBOC.
D) DMX.

Question 18

"Radio" that is delivered directly to people's homes and cars by satellite is called

A) P2P.
B) IBOC.
C) DMX.
D) DARS.

Question 19

In 1916,David Sarnoff sent his ideas on how to make radio a "household utility" to his superiors at American Marconi.This now-famous memo is called the

A) Radio Network Memo.
B) Radio Music Box Memo.
C) Orchestra in a Box Memo.
D) Network Radio Memo.

Question 20

Marconi's interest in developing wireless transmission was

A) mass communication-transmitting messages to large audiences.
B) point-to-point communication.
C) the development of an advanced radio telescope.
D) in replacing the telephone with radio.

Question 21

History's first commercial radio license went to station _____________in Pittsburgh in 1920.

A) WNBC
B) WEAF
C) KCBS
D) KDKA

Question 22

The first radio commercial appeared on station _____________ in 1922.

A) WNBC
B) WEAF
C) KCBS
D) KDKA

Question 23

When broadcasters asked the government to help them solve their interference and other operational problems during the 1920s,it responded with

A) a series of four National Radio Conferences.
B) a refusal to cooperate.
C) the Communications Act of 1934.
D) strict rules of ownership and advertising.

Question 24

RCA established the first national radio network in 1926,linking 24 stations and called

A) CBS.
B) NBC.
C) NBC Blue.
D) ABC.

Question 25

The Radio Act of 1927 ensured that the airwaves belonged to

A) the broadcasters.
B) the government.
C) the Radio Corporation of America.
D) the public.

Question 26

After the sinking of the Titanic,the U.S.Congress passed the _____________,mandating among other things that wireless operators be licensed by the secretary of commerce and labor.

A) Wireless Ship Act of 1910
B) Radio Act of 1912
C) Radio Act of 1927
D) Communications Act of 1934

Question 27

The four National Radio Conferences produced what important piece of federal legislation of broadcasting?

A) the Wireless Ship Act of 1910
B) the Radio Act of 1912
C) the Radio Act of 1927
D) the Communications Act of 1934

Question 28

The concept that broadcasters in the United States license use of the airwaves owned by the people is called the _____________ model of regulation.

A) receivership
B) paternalistic
C) economic
D) trustee

Question 29

The Radio Act of 1927 required that when a radio license was awarded,the standard of evaluation would be

A) the station's ability to survive financially.
B) noninterference with neighboring stations.
C) the public interest, convenience, or necessity.
D) reasonable limits on time devoted to advertising.

Question 30

The radio industry was on the brink of disaster in the 1920s and radio sales were down because

A) listeners could no longer afford radios.
B) listeners did not like the programs.
C) listeners felt radio was too chaotic.
D) all of these

Question 31

The P2P software which most fuels the contemporary recording industry's piracy fears is ______.This is file-sharing software that allows anonymous users to create "swarms" of data as they simultaneously download and upload "bits" of content from countless,untraceable servers.

A) Freenet
B) BitTorrent
C) Grockster
D) MP3

Question 32

The three major recording companies,Sony,Universal,and Warner Music Group,own nearly ____ of the music market.

A) 90%
B) 80%
C) 65%
D) 50%

Question 33

Stations that are owned and operated by a broadcast network are called

A) O&Os.
B) affiliates.
C) independents.
D) translator stations.

Question 34

In its earliest days,the radio industry earned income through

A) subscribership.
B) government subsidies.
C) sale of receivers.
D) license fees.

Question 35

The trustee model of broadcast regulation is based in part on the premise that because broadcast spectrum space is limited,and therefore not everyone who wants to broadcast can,those who are granted licenses to serve a local area must accept regulation.This is called the philosophy of

A) spectrum scarcity.
B) media influence.
C) fiduciary rule.
D) trusteeism.

Question 36

The _____________ established definitions of authority between federal and state governments,provided for the distribution and revocation of licenses,fined violators,assigned frequencies for operation,and set the hours during which a station was authorized to broadcast.

A) Wireless Ship Act of 1910
B) Radio Act of 1912
C) Radio Act of 1927
D) Communications Act of 1934

Question 37

Stations that link themselves to a national broadcast network for the purpose of airing its programs are called

A) O&Os.
B) affiliates.
C) independents.
D) translator stations.

Question 38

The first instance of U.S.government regulation of radio was the _____________,passed soon after the passengers of the sinking ship Republic were saved because that vessel was equipped with a radio.

A) Wireless Ship Act of 1910
B) Radio Act of 1912
C) Radio Act of 1927
D) Communications Act of 1934

Question 39

The ownership and management of multiple radio stations in a single market by one person or company is called

A) deregulation.
B) syndication.
C) monopoly.
D) duopoly.

Question 40

When,in 1943,the government ordered NBC to divest itself of one of its networks,it sold NBC Blue to Edward Noble,who renamed it

A) CBS.
B) Mutual.
C) NBC Blue.
D) ABC.

Question 41

More people listen to AM radio than FM radio.

Question 42

Services that allow the simultaneous downloading and accessing of music are

A) bitcasting.
B) streaming.
C) web radios.
D) podcasting.

Question 43

The Radio Act of 1927 provided spectrum space for noncommercial radio,eventually developing into what we know today as National Public Radio.

Question 44

What is the difference between IBOC,DARS,and DMX?

Question 45

Unlike most other media,the recording industry has not yet experienced concentration;to date,the three major recording companies control only 25% of the market in the United States.

Question 46

Subscription sites that allow users to store their digital music online and stream it to any digital device anywhere are known as

A) Web radio.
B) podcasts.
C) cloud-music services.
D) MP3s.

Question 47

What is meant by radio's local nature? Why does this make radio an attractive medium to advertisers?

Question 48

Broadcast radio's audience growth is increasing.

Question 49

IBOC is one form of Web radio.

Question 50

There is universal acceptance by the electronics industry of copy-protected CDs.

Question 51

How did the sinking of the Titanic alter the history of radio?

Question 52

What were the limitations of Thomas Edison's recording technology?

Question 53

In radio,the dollars earned from the sale of air time are called billings.

Question 54

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 led to deregulation in the radio industry,which allowed the existence of duopolies.

Question 55

Much of smartphone and tablet listening occurs via social networking sites' streaming services.

Question 56

Marconi saw his wireless as a way to broadcast content to large audiences.

Question 57

What were Lee DeForest's contributions to the development of radio?

Question 58

The Radio Act of 1927 created the Federal Radio Commission.

Question 59

What is the difference between an O&O and an affiliate?

Question 60

What is the trustee model of broadcast regulation?

Question 61

What are secondary services? Provide an example of what might be a secondary service.

Question 62

Radio billings are amassed in three ways.List and describe them.

Question 63

Describe how critics see conglomeration restricting the kinds of music available to listeners.Do you agree or disagree with their complaints?

Question 64

Digital music sales have surpassed physical sales as of 2011.What are some of the reasons for this? Can you think of additional reasons? What does this mean for the recording industry and the musical artists within it?

Question 65

What is your view of shock jocks,such as Howard Stern and Rush Limbaugh? Do you believe they should be censored? What are the cultural costs and benefits of allowing shock jocks on the air?

Question 66

On what two premises is the trustee model of broadcast regulation based? Do you think these premises form an adequate basis for regulation? Explain your answer.

Question 67

How have satellite and cable affected the radio and sound-recording industries?