Deck 8: Language

Question 1

Broca's aphasia involves:
A.Paralysis of the vocal musculature
B.A major loss of speech comprehension
C.Damage to posterior regions of the left hemisphere
D.A loss of fluent speech

Answer 1

A loss of fluent speech

Question 2

Psycholinguists divide language into three components:
A.Phonology, morphology, semantics
B.Morphology, syntax, semantics
C.Phonology, syntax, semantics
D.Phonology, syntax, pragmatics

Answer 2

Phonology, syntax, semantics

Question 3

Wernicke's aphasia involves
A.Disrupted speech comprehension and fluent nonsensical speech output
B.Disrupted speech comprehension and disrupted speech output
C.Disrupted speech output and intact comprehension
D.Fluent nonsensical speech output and intact comprehension

Answer 3

Disrupted speech comprehension and fluent nonsensical speech output

Question 4

The term that refers to a person speaking at just one pitch is and is often observed after _________ -hemisphere damage:
A.Intonatic, left
B.Dysprosodic, left
C.Uni-Prosodic,right
D.Aprosodic, right

Question 5

Current models of the organization of the brain for language function posit a distinction between dorsal and ventral systems, which can best be characterized as follows:

A)The dorsal system is involved in word-level and semantic processing compared to the ventral stream which is involved in phonological and motoric processing
B)The dorsal system is involved in phonological and motoric processing compared to the ventral stream which is involved in word-level and semantic processing
C)The dorsal system is involved in phonological and word-level processing compared to the ventral stream which is involved in semantic and motoric processing
D)The dorsal system is involved in semantic and motoric processing compared to the ventral stream which is involved in phonological and word-level processing

Question 6

The right hemisphere's contribution to language processing includes:
A.Processing complicated syntax
B.Comprehending abstract words
C.Narrative and inference
D.Speech production

Question 7

Although the left hemisphere is predominantly involved in language, the right hemisphere also plays an important role.This is illustrated by people with non-fluent aphasia being able to do which of the following:

A)Being able to sing words they cannot speak
B)Being able to understand narrative structures
C)Being able to control the pitch and intonation of one's speech
D)Being able to decipher meaning from incomplete sentences

Question 8

Neologisms are:
A.Words that sound similar to the intended word
B.Made-up words that follow the rules for combining sounds
C.Words that have a similar meaning to the intended word
D.Sounds that do not follow any standard phonological rules

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the two Japanese writing systems, Kana and Kanji
A.Each symbol in Kana represents a phoneme and each symbol in Kanji represents a word.
B.A person can lose the ability to read Kana independently of the loss of the ability to read Kanji.
C.Reading kana appears to more or less engage the same brain mechanisms as the phonological route, whereas Kanji appears to more or less engage the same brain mechanisms as the direct route.
D.Stimulation to somewhat different regions of the ventral processing stream disrupts the ability the ability to read kana as opposed to kanji, suggesting that the visual brain regions processes each type of script is somewhat different.

Question 10

Someone who has a double dissociation of alexia and without agraphia would exhibit which of the following:

A)Difficulty reading and writing
B)Difficulty reading but not writing
C)Difficulty writing but not reading
D)Difficulty reading things someone else wrote

Question 11

After a stroke, if someone has no problems speaking, but often says things like "train" instead of "bike" or uses the word "marriage" instead of "carriage" they would most likely have:
A.Disconnection syndrome
B.Conduction aphasia
C.Broca's aphasia
D.Wernicke's aphasia

Question 12

Which one of the following is true?
A.Alexia is the inability to read as a result of brain damage and always occurs in the presence of agraphia.
B.Agraphia is the inability to read as a result of brain damage and always occurs in the presence of aphasia.
C.Alexia is the inability to read as a result of brain damage and can occur independently of agraphia which is an inability to write as a result of brain damage.
D.Alexia is the inability to write as a result of brain damage and can occur independently of agraphia which is an inability to read as a result of brain damage.

Question 13

Examination of deficits in individuals who have acquired brain damage and speak American Sign Language, a visual language, suggests that:

A)The brain regions that process visual language are totally unrelated to those that do so for oral/spoken languages.
B)The brain organization for visual language is highly similar to that of oral/spoken except that visual languages involves more regions of the right hemisphere.
C)The brain regions that process visual language are identical to those for oral/spoken language except that all processing is performed by the right hemisphere rather than the left.
D)The brain regions that process visual language is reversed anterior/posterior from oral language with anterior regions being involved in comprehension and posterior areas being involved in production.

Question 14

Some ERP experiments show dissociations between the elicitation of the P₆₀₀ and N₄₀₀ components believed to reflect __________ and ____________, respectively.

A)Semantic violations, syntactical violations
B)Syntactical violations, semantic violations
C)Phonological violations, syntactical violations
D)Phonological violations, semantic violations

Question 15

Research on people without hearing who use American Sign Language (ASL) has revealed which of the following?

A)People without hearing predominantly use their right hemisphere when signing
B)There is no dissociation between semantics and syntax in ASL
C)People without hearing can also become aphasic and show deficits in comprehension and production of ASL
D)Broca's area is not recruited in the production of ASL

Question 16

Damage that severs the connection between Broca's and Wernicke's areas leads to:
A.Anomic aphasia
B.Global aphasia
C.Conduction aphasia
D.Transcortial motor aphasia

Question 17

Global aphasia is associated with damage to:

A)Anterior portions of the left hemisphere B.Posterior and temporal regions of the left hemisphere
C)The arcuate fasciculus
D)All of the above

Question 18

Which one of the following is true?
A.The phonological route, which involves translating words to sound and then to meaning, involves anterior temporal and anterior frontal regions.
B.The direct route, which involves translating words directly to meaning, involves anterior temporal and anterior frontal regions.
C.The phonological route, which involves translating words to meaning to sound, involves posterior temporal and posterior frontal regions.
D.The direct route, which involves translating words directly to meaning, involves posterior temporal and anterior frontal regions.

Question 19

Which two types of aphasia provide evidence of a double dissociation between brain regions involved in syntax vs.semantics
A.Broca's aphasia, Wernicke's aphasia
B.Broca's aphasia, conduction aphasia
C.Wernicke's aphasia, conduction aphasia
D.Wernicke's aphasia, global aphasia

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the visual word form area?
A.It is an area that is sensitive to the recurring regularities of the visual form of words in a given language.
B.It is located bilaterally in ventral visual areas of the temporal lobe.
C.It activates relatively quickly after viewing a word, within approximately 200 milliseconds.
D.The functioning (and location) of this region can be influenced by whether an individual was illiterate initially and learned to read as a adult, and also whether a person has had significant musical training.