Deck 16: Juvenile Corrections: End of an ERA

Question 1

The U.S.Supreme Court,in the Joseph McKeiver case,held that the due process clause of the _____ Amendment did not require jury trials in juvenile court.

A)Twelfth
B)Fourteenth
C)Seventeenth
D)Twentieth

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In the case of Gerald Gault,the U.S.Supreme Court ruled that in proceedings that might result in commitment to an institution,juveniles have the right to:

A)request for a criminal sentencing.
B)a jury trial.
C)self-incrimination.
D)question witnesses.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The U.S Supreme Court,in the Gary S.Jones case,ruled that juvenile adjudication for violation of a criminal statute is equivalent to a criminal court trial;therefore,the _____ clause applied.

A)general welfare
B)double jeopardy
C)arisings
D)exceptions

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Counsel for Gary S.Jones filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus,arguing that waiver to criminal court violated the double jeopardy clause of the _____ Amendment.

A)Fourteenth
B)Twelfth
C)Eight
D)Fifth

Question 5

The first state-sponsored reform school in the United States opened in _____.

A)Massachusetts
B)New York
C)Pennsylvania
D)Delaware

Question 6

An adult offender is arrested,whereas a juvenile offender is:

A)indicted by the court.
B)charged by the court.
C)taken into custody.
D)imposed a sentence.

Question 7

An adult offender receives a verdict,whereas a juvenile offender receives a _____.

A)parole sentence
B)suggestion
C)finding
D)victim report

Question 8

In the case of Gerald Gault,Gault's attorney filed a petition for a writ of _____.

A)mandamus
B)prohibito
C)habeas corpus
D)certiorari

Question 9

In the case of _____,the U.S Supreme Court ruled that the reasonable doubt standard should be required in all delinquency adjudications.

A)Gerald Gault
B)Samuel Winship
C)Joseph McKeiver
D)Gary S.Jones

Question 10

The case of _____ increased the minimum age for the death penalty,in the United States,to 18.

A)Roper v.Simmons
B)Schall v.Martin
C)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania
D)Kent v.United States

Question 11

A Latin term that refers to the state as guardian of minors and mentally incompetent people is called _____.

A)mens rea
B)actus reus
C)in loco parentis
D)parens patriae

Question 12

The first autonomous juvenile court was established in 1899 in _____.

A)New York City
B)Illinois
C)Massachusetts
D)Pennsylvania

Question 13

An adult offender undergoes a trial,whereas a juvenile offender undergoes a(n)_____.

A)adjudicatory hearing
B)congressional hearing
C)jury trial
D)trial by ordeal

Question 14

In an adult court,an offender is convicted,whereas in a juvenile court an offender is _____.

A)disposed
B)arraigned
C)counseled
D)adjudicated

Question 15

The first legally chartered U.S.custodial institution for juvenile offenders was the _____.

A)Philadelphia Home for the Orphaned
B)Boston Children's League
C)New York House of Refuge
D)Chicago Hull House

Question 16

In the case of _____,the U.S Supreme Court ruled that in a case involving transfer of jurisdiction;the juvenile defendant is entitled to a hearing,representation by an attorney,access to records involved in the transfer,and a written statement of reasons for the transfer.

A)Gault
B)Winship
C)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania
D)Kent v.United States

Question 17

An adult offender is known as a criminal,whereas a juvenile offender is known as a _____.

A)vagrant
B)delinquent
C)sociopath
D)displaced youth

Question 18

In industrial schools 002C _____.

A)education was primarily technical and trade related
B)exploitation and brutality were common
C)there was an emphasis on liberal arts education
D)regimentation and pin-striped uniforms were a norm

Question 19

After the Civil War,reform schools that were converted into housing units to better serve manufacturers' labor needs were known as _____.

A)refugee camps
B)pit schools
C)industrial schools
D)boot camps

Question 20

A penal institution to which young or first-time offenders are committed for training and reformation is called a _____.

A)juvenile court
B)reform school
C)juvenile bridewell
D)prison school

Question 21

An adult offender receives a verdict,whereas a juvenile offender receives a sentence.

Question 22

In the third phase of the juvenile justice process,the juvenile court decides on a(n)_____.

A)jury trial
B)revocation
C)adjudication
D)disposition

Question 23

Provisions under which the juvenile court orders transfer of a case to the adult criminal court is called a _____.

A)transfer of jurisdiction
B)waiver provision
C)direct file provision
D)statutory exclusion provision

Question 24

In juvenile court,during the _____ hearing,attorneys typically present physical evidence,examine and cross-examine witnesses,and argue on behalf of their clients.

A)unofficial
B)detention
C)adjudicatory
D)appeal

Question 25

The state has the power to act as guardian for minors and for people who are mentally incompetent according to parens patriae.

Question 26

An act that is a law violation only for juveniles but not for adults is called a(n)_____.

A)delinquent status
B)status offense
C)infraction of law
D)involuntary offense

Question 27

The nation's first state-sponsored reform school opened in Massachusetts in 1848.

Question 28

Adult offenders are arrested,whereas juvenile offenders are taken into custody.

Question 29

A person appointed by the juvenile court to serve as a special guardian for the youth being processed through the juvenile justice system is called a(n)_____.

A)intake officer
B)juvenile guide
C)parens patriae
D)guardian ad litem

Question 30

An organized group of people on the road which engages in significant illegitimate or criminal activity is called a(n)_____.

A)out-group
B)mob
C)peer group
D)street gang

Question 31

A two-part sentence in which the adult sentence may be waived if the offender complies with all provisions of the juvenile sentence is known as a(n)_____ sentencing.

A)determinate
B)indeterminate
C)blended
D)consecutive

Question 32

A penal institution to which the young or first-time offenders are committed for training and reformation is called a reform school.

Question 33

The first legally chartered U.S custodial institution for juvenile offenders was the Philadelphia Home for the Orphaned.

Question 34

A judicial review of the intake officer's decision is known as a(n)_____ hearing.

A)unofficial
B)detention
C)adjudication
D)appeal

Question 35

The predisposition report is usually prepared by a _____.

A)probation officer
B)judge
C)defendant
D)prosecuting attorney

Question 36

A nonsecure residential facility for juveniles is called a _____.

A)group home
B)detention facility
C)penitentiary
D)bridewell

Question 37

The first juvenile court was established in 1899 at New York City.

Question 38

Courts in which youths adjudicate and impose dispositions for a juvenile offender are called _____ courts.

A)trial
B)state
C)teen
D)appellate

Question 39

Adult offenders have trials,whereas juvenile offenders have adjudicatory hearings.

Question 40

Adult offenders are known as criminals,whereas juvenile offenders are known as offenders.

Question 41

In the adult court,an offender is convicted;in the juvenile court,an offender is adjudicated.

Question 42

In the case of Gault,the court ruled that "guilty beyond a reasonable doubt" should be the standard in all delinquency adjudications.

Question 43

According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation,most juvenile arrests are for property crime offenses.

Question 44

Morris Kent was charged with rape and robbery.

Question 45

The case of McKeiver v.Pennsylvania ruled that juveniles do not have the right to a jury trial.

Question 46

The National Gang Center helps policymakers,practitioners,and researchers in their efforts to reduce youth gang involvement and crime.

Question 47

The case of Breed v.Jones stated that juveniles do not have a right to cross-examine witnesses.

Question 48

In the case of Gerald Gault,Gault was charged with rape.

Question 49

Juveniles can be transferred to adult criminal court by waiver provisions,direct file provisions,or statutory exclusion provisions.

Question 50

Samuel Winship was charged with stealing $112 from a woman's purse.

Question 51

The nation's first state-sponsored reform school opened in _____ in 1848.

Question 52

Gary S.Jones was charged with armed robbery.

Question 53

Most teen courts require that the defendant admit their wrongdoing,or plead no contest before participating in the program.

Question 54

The first legally chartered U.S custodial institution for juvenile offenders was the _____.

Question 55

In cases that are resolved formally,disposition is decided by the intake officer,and the case goes no further.

Question 56

A penal institution to which young or first-time offenders are committed for training and reformation is called a _____ school.

Question 57

In the case of Kent v.United States,the judge remanded Kent to the jurisdiction of the adult criminal court system.

Question 58

The case of Breed v.Jones dealt with the issue of the right to an attorney for juveniles.

Question 59

The case of Roper v.Simmons increased the minimum age for death penalty,in the United States,to twenty-one.

Question 60

After the Civil War,the use of juvenile contract labor led to the emergence of _____ schools.

Question 61

Adult offenders have trials,whereas juvenile offenders have _____.

Question 62

The case of _____ ruled that the reasonable doubt standard should be required in all delinquency adjudications.

Question 63

The case of _____ raised the minimum age for the death penalty,in the United States,to eighteen.

Question 64

In the case of McKeiver v.Pennsylvania,the U.S Supreme Court ruled that juveniles do not require a _____.

Question 65

The first completely separate juvenile court was established in 1899,in _____.

Question 66

Adult offenders are known as criminals,whereas juvenile offenders are known as _____.

Question 67

Adult offenders are arrested,whereas juvenile offenders are _____.

Question 68

An adult offender receives a verdict,whereas a juvenile offender receives a _____.

Question 69

In the case of _____,the judge remanded the young offender to the jurisdiction of the adult criminal court system.

Question 70

In the Breed v.Jones case,the Counsel for Jones filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus,arguing that waiver to criminal court violated the _____ clause of the Fifth Amendment.

Question 71

_____ is a Latin term that refers to the state as guardian for minors and mentally incompetent people.

Question 72

New York juvenile courts operated under the civil court standard of _____.

Question 73

In the adult court,an offender is convicted;in the juvenile court,an offender is _____.

Question 74

Courts in which youths adjudicate and impose disposition for a juvenile offense is called a _____ court.
Short

Question 75

Morris Kent was charged with _____.

Question 76

In the case of _____,the Court found that mandatory life sentence without parole for individuals who had not yet reached their 18^th birthday at the time of their conviction for homicide violates the Eighth Amendment.