Deck 8: Parole: Early Release and Reentry

Question 1

Almost _____ offenders leave state and federal prison every day in the United States.

A)1,000
B)2,000
C)2,500
D)3,000

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The marks system developed by Captain Alexander Maconochie measured:

A)the number of scars on a prisoner's back from whippings.
B)the amount of money a prisoner was willing to pay for early release.
C)the prisoner's behavior and provided scores for improved conduct.
D)the severity of the crime the prisoner had committed.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The first legislation authorizing parole in the United States was enacted in _____.

A)Massachusetts
B)Pennsylvania
C)Maryland
D)Vermont

Answer 3

A

Question 4

_____ is considered the forerunner of modern American parole.

A)Alexander Maconochie's marks system
B)Maconochie's system of ticket of leave
C)Global positioning system
D)Crofton's system of conditional release

Question 5

The process of transition that offenders make from prison or jail to the community is called _____.

A)parole
B)transition
C)reentry
D)probation

Question 6

The Wickersham Commission was appointed by President _____.

A)Woodrow Wilson
B)Herbert Hoover
C)Franklin
D)Roosevelt
D)John Kennedy

Question 7

The Wickersham Commission reported that parole is logical because it:

A)ensures a most effective rehabilitation practice.
B)is an inexpensive way to supervise offenders.
C)assures zero recidivism by offenders.
D)is an effective example of punitive practice.

Question 8

Early release based on the paroling authority's assessment of eligibility is called _____.

A)discretionary release
B)mandatory release
C)presentence release
D)pre-parole release

Question 9

When people are released from jail and prison,_____.

A)they all have a job lined up before leaving prison
B)their chances of finding a place to live are bleak
C)they stop committing parole violations and new crimes
D)their health condition becomes better

Question 10

Captain Alexander Maconochie favored _____ sentences over fixed sentences.

A)non-mandatory
B)mandatory
C)indeterminate
D)unconditional

Question 11

The first reformatory to implement an extensive parole program was _____.

A)Auburn Reformatory
B)Crofton Reformatory
C)Franklin Reformatory
D)Elmira Reformatory

Question 12

From 1775 through 1856,English offenders were sent to _____ as punishment for crimes.

A)South Africa
B)the United States
C)Australia
D)Scotland

Question 13

In 1840,British Navy Captain _____ was appointed Superintendent of Norfolk Island.

A)Alexander Maconochie
B)Sir Walter Crofton
C)Zebulon Brockway
D)Dr.S.
G)Howe

Question 14

Prisoners who were sent to Australia and then committed further felonies were sent to _____.

A)Ireland
B)South Africa
C)Norfolk Island
D)the United States

Question 15

In 1854,_____ was the director of the Irish Prison System.

A)Alexander Maconochie
B)Sir Walter Crofton
C)Zebulon Brockway
D)Dr.S.
G)Howe

Question 16

The practice of indentured servitude was discontinued with the beginning of the _____ in 1775.

A)French Revolution
B)American Revolutionary War
C)Pan-Armenian National Movement
D)Non-cooperation Movement

Question 17

Early release after a time period specified and set by law is called _____.

A)presentence release
B)pre-parole release
C)discretionary release
D)mandatory release

Question 18

The American Probation and Parole Association (APPA)supports _____.

A)presentence release
B)discretionary parole
C)mandatory parole
D)pre-parole release

Question 19

The conditional release of a prisoner prior to completion of the imposed sentence under the supervision of the state is called _____.

A)probation
B)pardon
C)parole
D)furlough

Question 20

The parole concept has its roots in the 18^th century English penal practice called _____.

A)probation
B)royal pardon
C)indentured servitude
D)civil slavery

Question 21

Which of the following is true of the prisoner reentry problems?

A)Minority women are less vulnerable to becoming HIV positive on reentry.
B)Black women are highly unlikely to face reentry problems.
C)Returning prisoners avoid settling in crime ridden areas on their reentry to community life.
D)Current reentry system does not consider the unique needs of women leaving prison.

Question 22

The region in the United States with the highest number of parolees is the _____.

A)North
B)South
C)East
D)West

Question 23

_____ is a scale developed from a risk-screening instrument and is used to predict parole outcome.

A)Ticket of leave
B)Salient factor score
C)Mandatory release
D)Marks system¥

Question 24

Prisoner reentry issues for women are:

A)significantly less problematic than for men.
B)confined to strictly economic challenges.
C)especially magnified for minority women.
D)almost always short term in nature.

Question 25

In 1840,British Navy Captain Alexander Maconochie was appointed Superintendent of Norfolk Island.

Question 26

A national survey of parole board members said that the most important factor in the decision to grant or deny parole was the:

A)educational achievement of the inmate while in prison.
B)psychological condition of the inmate.
C)progress of the inmate in becoming a noncriminal.
D)nature of the inmate's offense.

Question 27

Which of the following is true of a nonrevocable parole (NRP)?

A)It is a type of unsupervised parole.
B)It can be revoked for technical violations.
C)It mandates reporting to a parole officer.
D)It can be availed for both high-level and low-level crimes.

Question 28

From 1775 through 1856,English offenders were sent to South Africa as punishment for their crimes.

Question 29

An inmate's eligibility for parole is determined by _____.

A)the sentence received from court as set by law
B)the discretion of a judge
C)a parole review board's independent findings
D)a parole officer's recommendation

Question 30

A person who is conditionally released from prison to community supervision is referred to as a _____.

A)releasee
B)parolee
C)probationer
D)successful graduate

Question 31

Community-focused parole is:

A)a method of having citizens spy on parolees to report violations.
B)the utilization of citizens volunteers to supervise parolees.
C)a process of engaging the community so the community engages parole.
D)a program that involves parolees in doing community projects.

Question 32

Early release based on the paroling authority's assessment of eligibility is called mandatory release.

Question 33

_____ is one of the six static factors of the salient factor score.

A)Supervision success
B)Gender of the convicted
C)Age at first conviction
D)Family background

Question 34

Felon disenfranchisement means depriving people who have been convicted of felonies the right:

A)to vote in elections.
B)to purchase firearms.
C)to run for public office.
D)to enter into contracts.

Question 35

One of the latest innovations in helping offenders released from prison make a successful adjustment to the community is the _____.

A)reentry court
B)ticket of leave system
C)intensive supervised probation
D)electronic monitoring

Question 36

The conditional release of a prisoner prior to completion of the imposed sentence under the supervision of the state is called probation.

Question 37

A correctional agency that has the authority to grant the conditional release of a prisoner is called a _____.

A)release committee
B)probation board
C)parole board
D)discharge committee

Question 38

In the United States,at least _____ percent of the inmates who enter prison eventually return to the community.

A)10
B)40
C)65
D)95

Question 39

_____ is the earliest date on which an inmate might be released.

A)Parole eligibility date
B)Release date
C)Expiration date
D)Reentry date

Question 40

British Navy Captain Alexander Maconochie favored determinate sentencing model.

Question 41

Reentry courts incorporate positive judicial reinforcement actions after goals are achieved.

Question 42

Prisons and the parole system failed to rehabilitate offenders in 1920s and early 1930s in the United States.

Question 43

Discretionary release is the most common method of release from prison today.

Question 44

The conditional release of a prisoner prior to completion of the imposed sentence under the supervision of an officer is called _____.

Question 45

Placing an offender in prison deters future criminal behavior.

Question 46

Not all who are sent to prison are released on parole.

Question 47

An inmate's eligibility for parole is determined by the sentence received from the court as set by law.

Question 48

Early release after a time period specified and set by law is called _____.

Question 49

In 1987,the American Probation and Parole Association voiced its objection to parole and undertook efforts to abolish it.

Question 50

Observations of federal parole hearings suggest that an inmate's institutional behavior and program participation are given high importance in release decisions.

Question 51

The trend among parole authorities is to grant or deny parole on the basis of risk to the community.

Question 52

The American Probation and Parole Association (APPA),an association of probation and parole professionals,supports _____.

Question 53

Community-focused parole is a process of engaging inmates to engage with the community while on parole.

Question 54

The first legislation authorizing parole in the United States was enacted in Massachusetts in 1837.

Question 55

Wardens supported parole because the possibility of earning parole served as an incentive for offenders,making it easier to keep peace in the prison.

Question 56

In spite of all the efforts being made at prisoner reform,offenders are still leaving prison unprepared for successful reentry.

Question 57

Parolees have merely been granted the privilege of living in the community instead of prison.

Question 58

Early release based on the paroling authority's assessment of eligibility is called _____.

Question 59

The first reformatory to implement an extensive parole program was Crofton Reformatory in Northern Ireland.

Question 60

The conditions under which parolees must live are different in form and structure to those for probationers.

Question 61

The earliest date on which an inmate might be paroled is called _____.

Question 62

British Navy Captain Alexander Maconochie,superintendent of the Norfolk Island penal colony,favored _____ over fixed sentences.

Question 63

Research has indicated that parole board decision making relies primarily on two factors,criminal history and _____.

Question 64

The higher the total salient factor score,the lower the likelihood of _____.

Question 65

A paroling authority is a(n)_____ agency that has statutory authority to grant parole,set conditions of parole,supervise parolees,revoke parole,and discharge from parole.

Question 66

The practice of indentured servitude was discontinued with the beginning of the _____ in 1775.

Question 67

The Wickersham Commission was appointed by President _____.

Question 68

In the United States,almost _____ persons are released from prison every day.

Question 69

In 1840,British Navy Captain _____ was appointed superintendent of Norfolk Island.

Question 70

The first reformatory to implement an extensive parole program was _____.

Question 71

The scale developed from a risk-screening instrument used to predict parole outcome is the _____.

Question 72

From 1775 through 1856,English offenders were sent to _____ as punishment for crimes.

Question 73

The process of transition that offenders make from prison or jail to the community is called _____.

Question 74

The _____ Commission reported that parole was logical because it was an inexpensive way to supervise offenders.

Question 75

A person who is conditionally released from prison to community supervision is referred to as a(n)_____.

Question 76

The parole concept has its roots in an 18^th century English penal practice called _____.

Question 77

Prisoners who committed felonies in Australia were transported to England's most punitive prison on _____.

Question 78

A(n)_____ is a type of unsupervised parole that cannot be revoked for technical violations.

Question 79

_____ is referred to as the founder of parole.

Question 80

The first legislation authorizing parole in the United States was enacted in _____.