Deck 2: Punishments: a Brief History

Question 1

The term "ne'er-do-wells" refers to:

A)shiftless and irresponsible individuals.
B)murderers who had been convicted.
C)rapists who were condemned to death.
D)slaves who were punished for stealing.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

For more than 200 years,England practiced a form of criminal exile known as _____.

A)extermination
B)transportation
C)shipping
D)flogging

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Michel Foucault,the French historian and philosopher,says that the purpose of physical punishment was primarily _____.

A)revenge
B)deterrence
C)humiliation
D)expedience

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Strangulation by a tightened iron collar was referred to as _____.

A)beheading
B)hanging
C)garroting
D)knouting

Question 5

The most honorable form of punishment for was:

A)breaking on the wheel.
B)burning alive.
C)stoning to death.
D)decapitation with a sword.

Question 6

Which of the following is a reason why facial branding was abolished and was replaced with branding on the hand?

A)It was abolished as the health hazards that it caused resulted in a large number of fatalities.
B)It was abolished as it was feared that more obvious marks would reduce employment opportunities.
C)It was abolished as branding on the face required significant amount of skill,precision,and time.
D)It was abolished as it was considered as inhumane treatment by the Council for Human Rights.

Question 7

The _____ sometimes burned witches and unruly slaves;made wide use of the stocks,the pillory,and the ducking stool;branded criminal offenders;and forced women convicted of adultery to wear "scarlet letters."

A)sinners
B)branch Devonians
C)extremists
D)Puritans

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true of the code of Hammurabi?

A)The code failed to limit the degree to which vengeance could be pursued.
B)The code excluded wealthy men,and women,but it applied to lower-class individuals,and slaves.
C)The code limited the amount of punishment that could be imposed to what was appropriate for the degree of harm.
D)The code is an unwritten set of 282 laws passed on from one generation to another by word-of-mouth.

Question 9

A device consisting of nine knotted cords,fastened to a wooden handle,used for whipping a convicted subject was called _____.

A)the Iron Glove
B)the Claw of Justice
C)the Cat-o'-nine Tails
D)the Russian Knout

Question 10

Which among the following has been the most common physical punishment through the ages?

A)Branding
B)Instant death
C)Lingering death
D)Flogging

Question 11

The term Lex talionis resembles the biblical principle of:

A)"let the punishment be just and fitting."
B)"an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth."
C)"let the decision stand and all matters cease."
D)"I am innocent and therefore should be free."

Question 12

The country of _____ was known for burning people alive.

A)France
B)England
C)Israel
D)Greece

Question 13

The evidence that the Greeks stoned those they had condemned to death,threw them from high cliffs,or bound them to stakes comes from _____.

A)the ruins found in Athens
B)writings on a Greek stone
C)the descriptions of Greek poets
D)a diary of one of the criminals

Question 14

A particularly mean device for whipping called _____ had fishhooks in it.

A)the Iron Glove
B)the Claw of Justice
C)the Cat-o'-nine Tails
D)the Russian Knout

Question 15

The most frequently imposed penalty by the Twelve Tables was _____.

A)death
B)imprisonment
C)banishment
D)mutilation

Question 16

The _____,the first written laws of Rome,were issued in 451
B)C.

A)Lex talionis
B)Twelve Tables
C)Cesar's Laws
D)Code of Hammurabi

Question 17

To deal with the growing prison population,many countries used floating prison ships called _____.

A)hulks
B)barges
C)pits
D)trenches

Question 18

In the American colonies,criminals used to be branded with the letter "R" to signify that they were guilty of _____.

A)rebellion
B)murder
C)heresy
D)burglary

Question 19

The culleus consisted of _____.

A)immersing the offender in a pot with boiling water,oil,or tar,and confining them until death
B)removing the skin from the body of a still living offender and nailing it to the wall as a warning and a lesson for others
C)hanging the offender upside down and then slicing their bodies from the middle,starting from the groin
D)confining the offender in a sack with an ape,a dog,and a serpent,and throwing the sack into the sea

Question 20

The punishment inflicted on exiles who returned to Rome was _____.

A)blinding
B)quartering
C)chaining
D)death

Question 21

The London Metropolitan Police Force was established by _____.

A)Sir Robert Peel
B)William Penn
C)Sanford Bates
D)Sir Samuel Romilly

Question 22

The first Warden of the Federal Institution for Women at Alderson,West Virginia was _____.

A)Dorothea Dix
B)Elizabeth Fry
C)Mary Belle Harris
D)Sally Peel

Question 23

Which of the following philosophers served time in the Bastille?

A)Charles de Montesquieu
B)Voltaire
C)Jeremy Bentham
D)Cesare Beccaria

Question 24

_____ wrote The Spirit of Laws in 1748.

A)Charles de Montesquieu
B)Voltaire
C)John Howard
D)Cesare Beccaria

Question 25

_____ was the author of On Crimes and Punishments.

A)Jeremy Bentham
B)Sanford Bates
C)John Howard
D)Cesare Beccaria

Question 26

The term bridewell refers to _____.

A)a ship used in galley servitude
B)a workhouse for prisoners
C)a penitentiary for housing felons
D)a ship moored in a river to house prisoners

Question 27

Those confined to the pillory occasionally had their _____ nailed to the wood.

A)hands
B)feet
C)ears
D)genitals

Question 28

The Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons was established by the _____.

A)Dutch
B)Quakers
C)Puritans
D)Catholic Church

Question 29

_____ was the author of The State of the Prisons.

A)Sir Robert Peel
B)William Penn
C)John Howard
D)Sanford Bates

Question 30

_____ initiated one of the earliest General Education Development (GED)testing programs for prisoners.

A)George J.Beto
B)Sanford Bates
C)John Howard
D)William Penn

Question 31

The principle advocated by Bentham,that the highest objective of public policy is the greatest happiness for the largest number of people is known as _____.

A)hedonistic calculus
B)individualism
C)utilitarianism
D)totalitarianism

Question 32

Which of the following statements is a reason why English transportation of criminals began to wane in 1853?

A)It was a result of the revival of hulks as the first choice for prisoners with sentences of fewer than 7 years.
B)It was a result of the humanitarian campaigns that insisted on better living conditions and humane treatment of the prisoners.
C)It was a result of the increasing cost of oil which increased transportation costs significantly.
D)It was a result of the parliament abolishing transportation of prisoners with sentences of fewer than 14 years.

Question 33

According to Pieter Spierenburg,the first Europeans to segregate serious criminals from vagrants and delinquents were the _____.

A)English
B)French
C)Dutch
D)Germans

Question 34

A punishment device that required the prisoner to stand with his or her head and hands locked in place is known as the _____.

A)brank
B)rack
C)stocks
D)pillory

Question 35

_____ was the first director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP).

A)John Howard
B)George J.Beto
C)William Penn
D)Stanford Bates

Question 36

_____ was confined to the Tower of London as punishment for promoting the Quaker faith.

A)Jeremy Bentham
B)William Penn
C)John Howard
D)Cesare Beccaria

Question 37

France transported its political prisoners along with other criminals to _____.

A)Canada
B)Greenland
C)Devil's Island
D)South Africa

Question 38

After the American Revolution,England sent its prisoners to _____.

A)Devil's Island
B)California
C)Australia
D)Scotland

Question 39

_____ was described as "the flower of the English reform movement."

A)Sir Robert Peel
B)Jeremy Bentham
C)Sanford Bates
D)Sir Samuel Romilly

Question 40

A punishment device that held the prisoner in a sitting position,with feet and hands locked in a frame is known as the _____.

A)brank
B)rack
C)stocks
D)pillory

Question 41

Robert-Francois Damiens was sentenced to be quartered publicly in Paris for attempting to kill _____.

Question 42

The punishment device that held a prisoner in a sitting position,with feet and hands locked in a frame,was called the stocks.

Question 43

Instant death was usually reserved for members of the lower classes and not the nobility.

Question 44

For more than 200 years,England practiced a form of criminal exile known as transportation.

Question 45

The most honorable form of punishment for men was decapitation with a sword.

Question 46

To deal with the growing prison population,England used floating prison ships called hulks.

Question 47

The first written laws of Rome were called _____.

Question 48

"Ne'er-do-wells" were shiftless and irresponsible individuals.

Question 49

The most frequent penalty in the Twelve Tables was _____.

Question 50

Breaking on the wheel was a form of instant death,reserved for the members of the nobility.

Question 51

France transported many of its criminals to Devil's Island.

Question 52

After the American Revolution,England sent its prisoners to Burma.

Question 53

The term flogging refers to a type of hanging that was practiced in London.

Question 54

Branding,as a punishment for crime,was never practiced in the American colonies.

Question 55

A particularly mean device for whipping,called the Russian Knout,had fishhooks in it.

Question 56

Michel Foucault,the French historian and philosopher,says that the purpose of physical punishment was _____.

Question 57

A device consisting of nine knotted cords,fastened to a wooden handle,used for whipping a convicted subject was called the Cat-o'-nine Tails.

Question 58

The term Lex talionis means "Let the punishment be just."

Question 59

The evidence that the Greeks stoned those they had condemned to death,threw them from high cliffs,or bound them to stakes comes from _____.

Question 60

Branding was a type of mutilation practiced in the Roman society.

Question 61

The first Warden of the Federal Institution for Women at Alderson,West Virginia was _____.

Question 62

_____ was the first director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP).

Question 63

The idea that people are motivated by pleasure and pain,and that the proper amount of punishment can deter crime is called _____.

Question 64

A device consisting of nine knotted cords,fastened to a wooden handle,used for whipping a convicted subject was called _____.

Question 65

An Arab TV personality,Rosanna Yami,was sentenced by a Saudi Court to receive 60 lashes for interviewing a Saudi man who _____.

Question 66

The _____ was designed to allow prison staff to observe the occupants of each cell.

Question 67

The London Metropolitan Police Force was established by _____.

Question 68

The period of Western social thought that began in the 17^th century,and lasted until the dawn of the 19^th century is known as _____.

Question 69

The author of The State of the Prisons in England and Wales was _____.

Question 70

In _____,women were flogged in private,and men were flogged in public.

Question 71

The act of putting the offender in a sack with an ape,a dog,and a serpent and throwing the sack into the sea was called _____.

Question 72

The author of On Crimes and Punishments was _____.

Question 73

The _____ sometimes burned witches and unruly slaves;made wide use of the stocks,the pillory,and the ducking stool;branded criminal offenders;and forced women convicted of adultery to wear "scarlet letters."

Question 74

The principle that the highest objective of public policy is the greatest happiness for the largest number of people is called _____.

Question 75

The term flogging refers to _____.