Deck 17: Nutrition Through the Life Cycle: Childhood and Adolescence

Question 1

________ is added to some municipal water supplies to promote healthy teeth formation.

A)Fluoride
B)Sodium
C)Vitamin D
D)Zinc

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following foods would be the BEST source of dietary calcium for a young toddler?

A)spinach
B)skim milk
C)whole milk
D)carrots

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Nicole is four years old. What serving size of green beans would you recommend for her?

A)15 mL
B)30 mL
C)60 mL
D)75 mL

Answer 3

C

Question 4

To better identify food allergens in toddlers it is recommended that:

A)new foods are presented in combination and then single foods are eliminated to identify the allergen.
B)peanuts and other tree nuts should not be given to any toddler.
C)toddlers should not drink cow's milk.
D)new foods should be presented one at a time and the toddler monitored for allergic reactions for a week.

Question 5

Quon is a three-years old boy who weighs 14 kg. Approximately, how much protein should he be consuming each day?

A)11.2 grams
B)11.9 grams
C)13.3 grams
D)15.4 grams

Question 6

Sahana is two years old. It is estimated that the percent of her total energy that comes from fat should be:

A)< 20%.
B)20-25%.
C)30-40%.
D)> 40%.

Question 7

Increased language fluency, decision-making skills, and physical coordination and dexterity are all characteristics of:

A)infants.
B)toddlers.
C)preschoolers.
D)school-age children.

Question 8

The transition from infancy to toddler occurs in the:

A)first year of life.
B)second year of life.
C)third year of life.
D)fourth year of life.

Question 9

The most common nutrient deficiency in young children is caused by inadequate ________ consumption.

A)calcium
B)iron
C)folate
D)zinc

Question 10

Which food is an example of a developmentally appropriate food for a toddler?

A)two small slices of cheese
B)hazelnuts
C)cherry tomatoes
D)celery

Question 11

Which two nutrients have been identified as "priority nutrients" for children aged 2-4 years?

A)vitamin C and iron
B)calcium and iron
C)folate and calcium
D)vitamin D and folate

Question 12

At dinner one night, Danny's refuses to eat all of his meal with the exception of some plain pasta noodles. Danny's parents should:

A)force him to eat his vegetables too.
B)not worry; as long as they regularly offer him healthy foods he should be fine.
C)be very concerned; he is likely to develop a nutrient deficiency.
D)use chocolate cookies to bribe him to eat his entire meal.

Question 13

Which of the following foods would be appropriate for a toddler to consume with a dietary source of non-heme iron to enhance absorption?

A)whole milk
B)plain Cheerios
C)strawberries
D)almonds

Question 14

The Canadian Paediatric Society recommends that the intake of fruit juice be limited to ________ per day for children 1 to 6 years of age.

A)90-110 mL/day
B)120-160 mL/day
C)180-220 mL/day
D)240-275 mL/day

Question 15

Which of the following is a potential problem associated with a vegan diet for toddlers?

A)Calcium intake may be low due to reliance on only plant sources.
B)Protein intake may be too high.
C)Fiber intake may be lower than recommended.
D)Calories may exceed energy expenditure.

Question 16

The development of the ________ is particularly dependent on adequate consumption of fat during the toddler years.

A)digestive system
B)nervous system
C)skeletal system
D)urinary system

Question 17

Until what age are the nutrient needs of young boys and girls the same?

A)3 years
B)5 years
C)9 years
D)puberty

Question 18

The estimated energy requirement (EER)for toddlers is based on age, level of activity, and:

A)body fat.
B)body weight.
C)genetics.
D)gender.

Question 19

The current recommendation for the intake of daily energy as carbohydrate for toddlers is:

A)35-45%.
B)45-55%.
C)45-65%.
D)55-75%.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about fluid recommendations in toddlers as compared to infants?

A)Toddlers lose more fluid from evaporation.
B)The kidneys of toddlers are less efficient, causing them to lose more fluid through urine.
C)Toddlers are more active and thus lose more fluid through sweat.
D)Toddlers will always drink when they are thirsty.

Question 21

How much fat (expressed as a percentage of total energy)is recommended for a preschooler?

A)10-20%
B)15-25%
C)25-35%
D)40-50%

Question 22

Peter is seven-years-old and has just been to the dentist for his yearly check-up. The dentist tells his parents that Peter has a cavity. What nutrient is he MOST likely deficient in?

A)calcium
B)fluoride
C)iron
D)vitamin D

Question 23

Bobby is six years old and weighs 23 kg. Approximately how many grams of protein should he consume each day?

A)18.4
B)19.6
C)21.9
D)25.3

Question 24

Robert is a seven-year-old student at a local middle school. He must get up at 6:30 am and ride the bus to school for one hour. His parents struggle to get him up and out the door and his mom allows him to skip breakfast but packs him a healthy lunch every day. The teacher has phoned home saying that Robert is having difficulty focusing and paying attention in the morning. Which of the following strategies would be the BEST option to help Robert?

A)giving him a sugary drink in the morning
B)giving him a healthy snack to eat before class
C)giving him an exercise break in the morning
D)giving him a cookie before leaving the house

Question 25

Menarche is:

A)the growth plates in bones.
B)onset of menstruation.
C)the onset of puberty.
D)a growth spurt.

Question 26

Body image plays an increasingly important role in food choices in which age group?

A)infants
B)toddlers
C)preschoolers
D)school-aged children

Question 27

Approximately ________% of Canadian adolescents have an unhealthy body weight.

A)9
B)18
C)29
D)33

Question 28

A toddler who is above the ________ percentile for weight should be monitored for overweight or obesity.

A)75th
B)80th
C)85th
D)90th

Question 29

The cartilage that is located at the end of long bones that closes when growth ceases is called the ________ plate.

A)cortical
B)trabecular
C)osteoid
D)epiphyseal

Question 30

Acutane, a medication for acne, is composed a derivative of which vitamin?

A)vitamin A
B)niacin
C)folate
D)vitamin C

Question 31

When do the adolescent years start?

A)start of high school
B)12 years old for girls and 15 years old for boys
C)12 years old for boys and girls
D)onset of puberty

Question 32

Siena is a nine-year-old girl. Her doctor is concerned about her increased body weight and is encouraging her parents to intervene. The doctor should recommend:

A)Siena's parents put her on a low-carbohydrate diet.
B)Siena's parents implement family-wide dietary improvements.
C)Siena's parents make her a special low-fat meal while everyone else eats fast food.
D)Siena's parents have her exercise for two hours per day.

Question 33

Maximizing bone density in adolescence will reduce the risk of developing:

A)lactose intolerance.
B)iron deficiency anemia.
C)osteoporosis.
D)spina bifida.

Question 34

Which of the following is associated with the premature closure of the epiphyseal plate?

A)excess sodium intake
B)anabolic steroid use
C)obesity
D)fractures

Question 35

On average, humans experience a ________ increase in height during adolescence.

A)10-20%
B)20-25%
C)25-35%
D)35-45%

Question 36

Acne is primarily caused by:

A)eating chocolate.
B)eating too much candy.
C)hormonal changes.
D)stress.

Question 37

Which of the following correctly describes "milk displacement"?

A)the self-weaning of an infant from breast milk
B)the recent surge in formula use
C)the avoidance of dairy products due to the fear of agricultural contaminants
D)the selection of low-nutrient beverages (e.g., soda)in place of milk

Question 38

In women, full height is typically reached by:

A)the start of adolescence.
B)the end of adolescence.
C)menarche.
D)the start of the growth spurt.

Question 39

For which of the following children should a multivitamin/mineral supplement be considered?

A)a child who eats regular balanced meals
B)a child who doesn't eat red meat
C)a child who is a picky eater
D)a child who exercises for 60 minutes a day

Question 40

Growth acceleration in adolescence is primarily driven by:

A)increased physical activity.
B)increased energy intake.
C)hormonal changes.
D)social interactions.

Question 41

What would you say to parents who claim that "there are no risks involved in offering vegan diets to toddlers"? What type of a diet would you recommend in this case?

Question 42

Peyton is a two-year-old toddler whose mother has been feeding her three nutritious meals a day. At a recent doctor's appointment, the doctor notes that Peyton is growing more slowly than expected. He should advise Peyton's mother to:

A)force her to eat a greater amount of food at breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
B)provide her with nutritious snacks in addition to her meals because her stomach is small.
C)give her more water before her meals to help her digest the food more quickly.
D)provide her with copious amounts of fruit juice to provide extra calories.

Question 43

Which of the following is an appropriate strategy to encourage nutritious food choices in pre-school and school-aged children?

A)parents modeling healthy diet and exercise patterns
B)forbidding a child to eat at their friend's house
C)giving them money to buy energy dense snacks from the vending machine
D)buying them any foods they've seen advertised on TV

Question 44

The principal of a middle school is considering banning vending machines from the school. On one hand, they provide a good source of revenue for the school; however, she is concerned because of the poor nutritional quality of the foods currently offered. How would you advise the principal?

Question 45

A parent complains to you that their toddler is a very fussy eater and they find it hard to get her to try new foods. What strategies could you suggest to help encourage the toddler to try new foods?

Question 46

Which of the following personality characteristics would you expect to notice in an individual with anorexia nervosa?

A)attention seeking
B)extroverted
C)noncompliant
D)obsessive-compulsive

Question 47

Provide carbohydrate and fibre recommendations for a 15-year-old boy who requires 2 800 kilocalories per day.

Question 48

Umar is a seven-year-old boy whose total energy need for the day is 1 600 kilocalories. Approximately how many grams of fibre should he be consuming each day?

A)12 grams
B)16 grams
C)22 grams
D)25 grams

Question 49

Hilary is a very busy 17-year-old girl. She attends school, plays competitive soccer, and has just started her first part-time job at a fast food restaurant. Lately, she has been eating at the restaurant because it is convenient; however, her parents know this is not healthy. Provide Hilary and her parents with a few tips to encourage healthy eating.

Question 50

Iron needs for adolescent females are increased over those for males because of:

A)greater muscle mass.
B)lower bone density.
C)menstruation.
D)increased percent body fat.

Question 51

Poor cognitive development, developmental delays, and increased risk of infection can all be attributed to a deficiency of ________ in school aged children.

A)vitamin C
B)iron
C)fibre
D)potassium

Question 52

At parent teacher interviews, a parent complains to the teacher that he is wasting valuable class time on physical activity and requests that he replace gym class with more math and English. How should the teacher respond?

Question 53

Which of the following diminishes appetite and is sometimes used by adolescent girls to maintain a low body weight?

A)alcohol
B)cigarettes
C)marijuana
D)iron supplements

Question 54

Adolescent diets are often deficient in:

A)kilocalories.
B)processed grains.
C)vegetables.
D)convenience foods.

Question 55

TV viewing in preschoolers should be limited to ________ per day to reduce the risk of overweight.

A)1 hour
B)1)5 hours
C)2 hours
D)2)5 hours

Question 56

Ella is a 16-year-old girl who has always been slightly overweight. At school her classmates have occasionally teased her about her weight. Her parents are concerned about her health. Recently, they have noticed that after a large meal she either rushes to the bathroom or exercises vigorously for at least 2 hours. Should Ella's parents be concerned? If yes, what is MOST likely to be the problem? Identify social and cultural factors that could be contributing to the problem.

Question 57

What public health message would you send to parents regarding fibre intake in children between the ages of 1 and 4 years? Provide information on the importance of fibre and dietary recommendations.

Question 58

Kylie is 13 years old and is participating in 30 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity per day. According to the Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines Kylie:

A)is exceeding the minimum recommendation.
B)is meeting the minimum recommendation.
C)is not meeting the recommendation; she should get 45 minutes of exercise per day.
D)is not meeting the recommendation; she should get 60 minutes of exercise per day.

Question 59

Standing in line at the grocery store, you hear a parent say they aren't overly concerned about their child's teeth because they are only baby teeth and not their permanent teeth. How would you respond? What would you recommend?

Question 60

Compare and contrast the body composition of girls and boys during adolescence.

Question 61

Leanne has twin sons who are two years of age. They boys are very picky eaters and Leanne is concerned about their health. She asks you for some information regarding nutrient recommendations for her sons. She also asks for some strategies she can use to encourage them to eat a healthy diet. Finally, she would like to know if it is a good idea to provide her sons with a daily multivitamin, multimineral supplement to ensure they meet their nutrient requirements. How would you respond to Leanne?

Question 62

Discuss the change in obesity rates in Canadian children over the past 30 years. Should we be concerned about childhood obesity? Why or why not? What, if anything, would you recommend be done to curb the rates of childhood obesity?

Question 63

Discuss potential nutrition-related problems that are characteristic of childhood. What role can the schools play in helping to ensure adequate nutrition?