Deck 12: Blood

Question 1

Albumin, collagen, and fibrinogen are the three main types of plasma proteins.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Mature red blood cells cannot divide, do not synthesize hemoglobin, and cannot undergo aerobic respiration.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Plasma makes up more than half (55%) of the volume of blood.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In general, red blood cells are larger than white blood cells.

Question 5

A platelet plug is formed when fibrinogen is converted to fibrin.

Question 6

Basophils release chemicals that increase blood flow to injured tissues and promote inflammation.

Question 7

A build up of bilirubin causes the yellowish coloration seen in jaundice.

Question 8

Plasma proteins are solutes that attract and hold water in the bloodstream, helping to maintain osmotic balance.

Question 9

Persons with type AB blood are considered universal donors.

Question 10

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are the type of leukocyte called granulocytes.

Question 11

Vitamin B12 is important for the production of red blood cells because it is required for hemoglobin production.

Question 12

Lymphocytes function to phagocytize bacteria.

Question 13

Plasma contains fibrinogen; serum does not.

Question 14

Formed elements of the blood include proteins, cells, and cell fragments.

Question 15

Substances called interleukins and colony-stimulating factors stimulate white blood cell formation and differentiation.

Question 16

Functions of plasma electrolytes include maintenance of osmotic pressure and regulation of blood pH.

Question 17

Plasma is about 50% water and 50% dissolved substances.

Question 18

Macrophages phagocytize old red blood cells and transport hemoglobin to the kidney for elimination.

Question 19

Platelets are a part of the mechanism that repairs breaks in blood vessels and that causes blood clot formation.

Question 20

A red blood cell is a spherical cell and contains a large nucleus.

Question 21

What cell type accounts for the smallest percentage of leukocytes in a blood sample?

A) Monocytes
B) Eosinophils
C) Basophils
D) Lymphocytes
E) Neutrophils

Question 22

What is a primary function of lymphocytes?

A) Phagocytize damaged cells
B) Produce enzymes that dissolve blood clots
C) Release substances that initiate blood clots
D) Act against foreign substances

Question 23

Which are the most abundant plasma electrolytes?

A) Sodium and chloride ions
B) Sodium and potassium ions
C) Potassium and calcium ions
D) Potassium and chloride ions

Question 24

Which formed element lacks a nucleus and has a biconcave shape?

A) White blood cells
B) Red blood cells
C) Platelets
D) Macrophages

Question 25

What is the value for a normal white blood cell count?

A) 400-1,100 cells per microliter of blood
B) 4,000-11,000 cells per microliter of blood
C) 40,000-110,000 cells per microliter of blood
D) 4,000,000-11,000,000 cells per microliter of blood

Question 26

How are platelets described?

A) Giant, multinucleated cells
B) Fragments of cells
C) Immature leukocytes
D) Stem cells

Question 27

What element is part of hemoglobin molecules?

A) Copper
B) Iron
C) Iodine
D) Calcium

Question 28

Urea, uric acid, and creatine are examples of __________.

A) nonprotein nitrogenous substances
B) plasma proteins
C) gamma globulins
D) hormones

Question 29

Which of the following is an agranulocyte?

A) Basophil
B) Eosinophil
C) Monocyte
D) Neutrophil

Question 30

Define the term hematocrit.

A) The percent of red blood cells in a blood sample
B) A disease caused by abnormal red blood cell levels
C) A clotting factor
D) The pigment that gives red blood cells their color

Question 31

Patients with leukemia tend to have a deficiency in __________ and, thus, have a tendency to bleed.

A) vitamin K
B) red blood cells
C) platelets
D) leukocytes

Question 32

Platelets forming a platelet plug release serotonin, which causes blood vessel walls to dilate.

Question 33

What causes sickle cell disease, in whichred blood cells contain abnormal hemoglobin?

A) A lack of dietary iron
B) An excess of hemoglobin
C) A mutation
D) A virus

Question 34

A thrombus is an abnormal clot that forms in a blood vessel. If the clot or a part of it breaks away into the circulation, it becomes an embolus.

Question 35

An increased blood concentration of __________ can result in a condition called cyanosis.3-19-2013

A) deoxyhemoglobin
B) oxyhemoglobin
C) carbon dioxide
D) oxygen

Question 36

Which compound serves as an enzyme in the blood coagulation mechanism?

A) Thrombin
B) Prothrombin
C) Fibrinogen
D) Fibrin

Question 37

Platelets release the vasoconstricting substance called __________ as a platelet plug forms.

A) collagen
B) serotonin
C) fibrin
D) acetylcholine

Question 38

What is the primary function of plasma albumin?

A) Act as antibodies during immune response
B) Serve as an energy source
C) Maintain blood osmotic pressure
D) Transport lipids and fat-soluble vitamins

Question 39

What are the most active phagocytic cells among the leukocytes?

A) Basophils and eosinophils
B) Neutrophils and monocytes
C) Lymphocytes and neutrophils
D) Monocytes and lymphocytes

Question 40

What must occur in order for a blood clot to form?

A) Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin.
B) Thrombin activates prothrombin.
C) Vitamin K converts fibrin to fibrinogen.
D) Red blood cells are activiated by platelets.

Question 41

What is the typical total blood volume for males of average height and weight?

A) 3-4 L
B) 5-6 L
C) 7-8 L
D) 8-9 L

Question 42

List two factors that function to dissolve blood clots.

A) Thrombus and embolus
B) Urokinase and streptokinase
C) Calcium ions and prothrombin activator
D) Vitamin K and calcium

Question 43

What is biliverdin?

A) Red-orange pigment molecule that is converted to carotene
B) Green pigment resulting from hemoglobin breakdown
C) Yellow pigment that results from breakdown of the zinc-containing portion of hemoglobin
D) Yellow pigment that gives urine its color

Question 44

Mr. Jenkins saw his doctor because he had been feeling tired and listless. Blood tests revealed a low hematocrit. Mr. Jenkins has a condition called __________.

A) anemia
B) anoxia
C) polycythemia
D) hypoxia
E) leukemia

Question 45

What is the term for red blood cell formation?

A) Hemostasis
B) Erythromitosis
C) Hemoporesis
D) Erythropoiesis

Question 46

What component of blood typically makes up about 45% of blood volume?

A) Red blood cells
B) White blood cells
C) Plasma
D) Platelets

Question 47

What is the average life span of an erythrocyte?

A) 3 months
B) 4 months
C) 6 months
D) 1 year
E) 2 years

Question 48

The rate of red blood cell formation is regulated by negative feedback. Considering the function of red blood cells, what condition is most likely to cause increased RBC production?

A) A viral infection accompanied by high fever
B) Prolonged exposure to cold temperatures
C) Diabetes
D) Polycythemia
E) Chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Question 49

Name the stem cell from which all formed elements are produced.

A) Megakaryoblast
B) Myeloblast
C) Hemocytoblast
D) Lymphoid stem cell

Question 50

What would be found on the surface of red blood cells in an individual with blood type AB?

A) Antigens A and B
B) Antigen A only
C) Antigen B only
D) Neither antigen A nor B

Question 51

What feature of erythrocytes (RBCs) provides increased surface area for oxygen diffusion?

A) Presence of microvilli
B) Biconcave shape
C) Overlapping folds in the plasma membrane
D) Presence of antigens

Question 52

The formation of a blood clot requires all of these compounds except __________.

A) calcium
B) fibrinogen
C) prothrombin
D) albumin
E) vitamin K

Question 53

In the inherited disorder called __________, the small intestine absorbs many times the normal amount of iron, leading to a toxic buildup in body tissues.

A) hemochromatosis
B) polycythemia
C) thrombocytopenia
D) hemolytic anemia

Question 54

The bluish color of skin and mucous membranes due to prolonged oxygen deficiency is called __________.

A) polycythemia
B) hypoxia
C) cyanosis
D) jaundice

Question 55

A normal red blood cell count for average adult males is about __________ million cells per microliter of blood. For average adult females, the count is about __________ million cells per microliter.

A) 4.2-4.7; 5.4-6.1
B) 4.2-5.4; 4.7-6.1
C) 4.7-6.1; 4.2-5.4
D) 5.4-6.1; 4.2-4.7

Question 56

What approach is used to prevent erythroblastosis fetalis?

A) Treat Rh-positive mother with Rh-positive blood cells.
B) Treat Rh-positive mothers with anti-Rh agglutinins (antibodies).
C) Treat Rh-negative mothers with Rh-positive blood cells.
D) Treat Rh-negative mothers with anti-Rh agglutinins (antibodies).
E) Treat Rh-positive fetuses with Rh-positive blood cells.

Question 57

The accummulation of what product of erythrocyte breakdown can result in the condition called jaundice?

A) Bilirubin
B) Biliverdin
C) Iron
D) Globin

Question 58

Name the hormone that stimulates red blood cell formation.

A) Erythropoietin
B) Interleukin
C) Colony-stimulating factor
D) Thrombopoietin

Question 59

The most common blood type in the United States has which type(s) of antibodies in its plasma?

A) Anti-A antibodies only
B) Anti-B antibodies only
C) Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
D) Neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies

Question 60

Hemoglobin contains four __________ groups, each of which has a(n) __________ at its center, acting as the binding site for oxygen.

A) globin; nitrogen
B) heme; carbon
C) globin; iron
D) heme; iron

Question 61

What type of leukocyte accounts for 25% to 33% of all circulating WBCs and is closest in size to the red blood cells?

A) Basophils
B) Eosinophils
C) Lymphocytes
D) Monocytes
E) Neutrophils

Question 62

What type of leukocyte is the largest of the WBCs, accounting for 3% to 9% of circulating WBCs?

A) Basophils
B) Eosinophils
C) Lymphocytes
D) Monocytes
E) Neutrophils

Question 63

A high white blood cell count suggests what situation?

A) A blood clotting disorder
B) Anemia
C) Oxygen deficiency
D) An infection

Question 64

What term refers to the process that stops bleeding?

A) Hemolysis
B) Hemostasis
C) Agglutination
D) Hematopoiesis

Question 65

What test is used to determine the percentage of each type of leukocyte present in a patient's blood sample?

A) Hematocrit
B) DIFF count
C) White blood cell count
D) Crossmatch test

Question 66

What type of leukocyte accounts for 1% to 3% of all circulating WBCs?

A) Basophil
B) Eosinophil
C) Lymphocyte
D) Monocyte
E) Neutrophil

Question 67

What might trigger spasms of the smooth muscle in a blood vessel wall?

A) Injury to blood vessel
B) Parasympathetic stimulation
C) Formation of a blood clot within vessel
D) Deficiency of plasma globulins

Question 68

What statement applies to people with blood type A ⁺?

A) They have anti-A and anti-Rh antibodies.
B) They have B antigens and anti-Rh antibodies.
C) They have A antigens and anti-Rh antibodies.
D) They have A antigens and Rh antigens.

Question 69

What type of leukocyte leaves the circulation and becomes a macrophage?

A) Basophils
B) Eosinophils
C) Lymphocytes
D) Monocytes
E) Neutrophils

Question 70

What type of white blood cell typically has a bilobed nucleus and a cytoplasm filled with granules that appear deep red in an acidic stain?

A) Basophil
B) Eosinophil
C) Lymphocyte
D) Monocyte
E) Neutrophil

Question 71

By what process can white blood cells leave blood vessels and enter tissue spaces?

A) Osmotic pressure
B) Diffusion
C) Diapedesis
D) Agglutination

Question 72

The process of coagulation involves what step?

A) Formation of platelet plug
B) Vasospasm
C) Formation of fibrin
D) Formation of plasmin

Question 73

Which plasma component is a nonprotein nitrogenous substance?

A) Glucose
B) Calcium
C) Creatinine
D) Cholesterol

Question 74

What type of leukocyte has cytoplasmic granules that appear very dark blue in a basic stain?

A) Basophils
B) Eosinophils
C) Lymphocytes
D) Monocytes
E) Neutrophils

Question 75

What is the function of a megakaryocyte?

A) Cell from which all types of WBCs develop
B) Cell from which monocytes develop
C) Cell from which all formed elements develop
D) Cell from which platelets are formed

Question 76

What is the function of the hormone thrombopoietin?

A) It stimulates platelet formation.
B) It inhibits platelet formation.
C) It stimulates thrombus formation.
D) It inhibits megakaryocyte formation.

Question 77

What type of white blood cell is phagocytic, has a segmented nucleus, and accounts for more than half of all WBCs?

A) Basophils
B) Eosinophils
C) Lymphocytes
D) Monocytes
E) Neutrophils

Question 78

What term is defined as an excessive number of white blood cells?

A) Lymphedema
B) Leukopenia
C) Leukocytosis
D) Polycythemia

Question 79

By definition, the term __________ refers to a white blood cell count that is lower than normal.

A) leukocytocis
B) polycythemia
C) leukopenia
D) thrombocytopenia

Question 80

What type of leukocyte can potentially live for years?

A) Basophils
B) Eosinophils
C) Lymphocytes
D) Monocytes
E) Neutrophils