Deck 10: The Senses

Question 1

The conjunctiva lines the inner surface of the eyelid and covers the anterior surface of the sclera.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Auditory ossicles amplify vibrations as they move from the outer ear to the inner ear.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Blood vessels pass through the optic disc of the eye.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Referred pain occurs when the brain projects the sensation back to the original source in the body from which the pain originated.

Question 5

Tears contain an enzyme that reduces the chances of developing an eye infection.

Question 6

Nerve impulses from taste receptors can travel in the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves.

Question 7

The fovea centralis contains a high concentration of rods.

Question 8

Proprioceptors provide sensory input that can influence the sense of equilibrium.

Question 9

Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but cones are important for color vision.

Question 10

Acute pain fibers are unmyelinated and produce a dull aching sensation.

Question 11

Pain sensations arising from visceral organs may be caused by the stretching of tissues.

Question 12

The utricle and saccule contain the sensory receptors associated primarily with the sense of dynamic equilibrium.

Question 13

The conjunctiva forms part of the eyelid.

Question 14

The optic disc contains only rods.

Question 15

Rods are photoreceptors that provide black and white vision.

Question 16

The photoreceptors that provide black and white vision are called cones.

Question 17

When the radial muscles of the iris contract, the diameter of the pupil decreases.

Question 18

The sense of taste is slow to adapt, so every bite of your favorite food tastes as good as the first.

Question 19

The auditory tube connects the inner ear to the nasopharynx and functions to equalize air pressure.

Question 20

Taste sensation is conducted to the limbic system and does not pass through the thalamus.

Question 21

The condition called anosmia is a loss of the sense of __________.

A) touch
B) smell
C) hearing
D) vision

Question 22

Which of the following is not a primary taste sensation?

A) Sweet
B) Salty
C) Pungent
D) Bitter
E) Sour

Question 23

The auditory tube runs between the throat and the __________.

A) auditory cortex
B) middle ear
C) inner ear
D) auricle

Question 24

Conductive hearing loss can occur as a result of __________.

A) a torn tympanic membrane
B) a tumor in the brain
C) damage to the cochlear hair cells
D) damage to the acoustic nerve

Question 25

The greatest sensitivity for human hearing is in the frequency range of about __________ vibrations per second.

A) 10-10,000
B) 1,000-2,000
C) 2,000-3,000
D) 20,000-30,000

Question 26

What is the order of structures through which light passes as it travels to the retina?

A) Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
B) Aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor
C) Vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor, cornea
D) Cornea, lens, aqueous humor, vitreous humor
E) Aqueous humor, vitreous humor, cornea, lens

Question 27

You enter a fish market and smell a strong fishy odor. However, the odor quickly fades away. What feature of sensory reception have you experienced?

A) Damage to your olfactory receptors
B) Sensory adaptation
C) A decrease in the concentration of the substance you smelled
D) Sensory deprivation

Question 28

The destinations of auditory nerve pathways are the auditory cortices, located in the __________ lobes of the brain.

A) occipital
B) temporal
C) parietal
D) frontal

Question 29

The ampullae, containing sensory receptors, are located in what structure(s)?

A) Cochlea
B) Retina
C) Semicircular canals
D) Vestibule

Question 30

In what situation would the lens of the eye thicken?

A) When the suspensory ligaments pull on the lens capsule
B) When the ciliary processes relax
C) When the ciliary muscles relax
D) When the ciliary muscles contract

Question 31

What brain structures do not have pain receptors?

A) Meninges
B) Blood vessels in the brain
C) Nervous tissue of the brain

Question 32

What photopigment is found in the rods of the retina?

A) Erythrolabe
B) Rhodopsin
C) Cyanolabe
D) Visual blue

Question 33

What structure is part of the innermost layer of the wall of the eye?

A) Ciliary body
B) Retina
C) Choroid coat
D) Sclera
E) Cornea

Question 34

The cones in the retina contain photopigmentsthat are sensitive to what wavelengths (colors) of visible light?

A) Red, green, and blue
B) Red, blue, and yellow
C) Green, yellow, and purple
D) Red, yellow, and green

Question 35

What structure contains the receptors for the sense of hearing?

A) Ampulla
B) Spiral organ
C) Utricle
D) Saccule
E) Semicircular canals

Question 36

What is a characteristic of pain receptors?

A) They are typically stimulated by factors that can damage tissues.
B) They adapt rapidly.
C) They are among the most specialized receptors.
D) They are widely distributed in the tissues of the brain.

Question 37

The spread of a respiratory infection to the middle ear, causing an ear infection, can occur due to the presence of the structure called the __________.

A) auditory tube
B) tympanic membrane
C) external acoustic meatus
D) auditory ossicles

Question 38

What is a characteristic of taste receptors?

A) They are found only on the tongue.
B) If damaged, they are not replaced.
C) They are nerve cells.
D) They are modified epithelial cells.

Question 39

Where are the auditory ossicles located?

A) Within the external ear
B) Within the middle ear
C) Within the inner ear
D) Within the auditory cortex

Question 40

Olfactory receptor cells are what type of cell?

A) Connective tissue cells
B) Squamous epithelial cells
C) Columnar epithelial cells
D) Bipolar neurons

Question 41

Auditory ossicles are located within the __________ ear.

A) outer
B) middle
C) inner
D) external

Question 42

Pain caused by a heart attack is often interpreted by the brain as coming from the left arm. This is called __________.

A) referred pain
B) phantom pain
C) translocated injury
D) ectopic focus

Question 43

What cranial nerves are involved in taste sensation?

A) Glossopharyngeal, facial, and vagus
B) Facial, trigeminal, and hypoglossal
C) Glossopharyngeal, trigeminal, and vagus
D) Facial, trigeminal, and vagus

Question 44

Hair cells of the spiral organ are located on the __________ and depolarize in response to sound.

A) vestibular membrane
B) tympanic membrane
C) tectorial membrane
D) basilar membrane

Question 45

What is the typical cause of nightblindness?

A) Damage to the cornea
B) Loss of photoreceptors in retina
C) Deficiency in vitamin A
D) Toxicity due to excess vitamin A

Question 46

Where is the spiral organ located?

A) In the scala vestibuli
B) In the scala tympani
C) In the cochlear duct

Question 47

Gustatory receptors are examples of what class of receptor?

A) Chemoreceptors
B) Mechanoreceptors
C) Thermoreceptors
D) Photoreceptors
E) Proprioceptors

Question 48

The sense called __________ allows the maintenance of posture and balance when the body is at rest.

A) dynamic equilibrium
B) static equilibrium

Question 49

What region of the retina provides the sharpest vision?

A) Fovea centralis
B) Optic disc
C) Conjunctiva
D) Ciliary body

Question 50

The ability of the nervous system to become less responsive to a maintained stimulus is called __________.

A) refraction
B) sensory adaptation
C) accommodation
D) sensory deprivation

Question 51

Which primary taste sensation results from detection of certain amino acids in food?

A) Umami
B) Sweet
C) Sour
D) Salty
E) Bitter

Question 52

What is the immediate result of stimulation of the hair cells of the spiral organ?

A) Stimulationof motor neurons in the auditory nerve
B) Formation of otoliths
C) Release of neurotransmitter
D) Deformation of the tectorial membrane

Question 53

What is the typical cause of glaucoma?

A) Clouding of the lens
B) Accumulation of vitreous humor
C) Accumulation of aqueous humor
D) Loss of transparency of the cornea

Question 54

What is the most common cause of blindness worldwide?

A) Degeneration of the vascular layer
B) Degeneration of the nervous layer
C) Loss of transparency of the cornea
D) Loss of transparency of the lens

Question 55

Where are olfactory receptors located?

A) In the olfactory bulbs
B) In the nasal sinuses
C) In the superior region of the nasal cavity
D) In the olfactory tracts

Question 56

The inner ear is located within which cranial bone?

A) Parietal bone
B) Sphenoid bone
C) Temporal bone
D) Occipital bone

Question 57

In order for a corneal transplant to be successful, what must be included as part of the donated tissue?

A) A functioning retina
B) A functioning lens
C) Stem cells contained in the limbus
D) A small portion of the donor sclera

Question 58

What structure produces tears?

A) Conjunctiva
B) Nasolacrimal duct
C) Lacrimal gland
D) Lacrimal sac

Question 59

Name the auditory ossicle that is attached directly to the eardrum.

A) Incus
B) Stapes
C) Malleus

Question 60

Treatment for a cataract involves removal of the __________ and replacement with an artificial one.

A) cornea
B) lens
C) vitreous humor
D) retina

Question 61

The fovea centralis and macula lutea are part of what layer of the wall of the eye?

A) Choroid coat
B) Retina
C) Sclera
D) Middle layer

Question 62

Meissner's and Pacinian corpuscles are examples of receptors for __________.

A) touch and pressure
B) pain
C) temperature
D) static equilibrium

Question 63

Which of the following structures are NOT responsible for the refraction of light?

A) Cornea
B) Lens
C) Aqueous humor
D) Retina

Question 64

What vitamin is required for the synthesis of photopigments such as rhodopsin?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D
E) Vitamin E

Question 65

Sympathetic nerve fibers stimulate contraction of which of the muscle fibers of the iris?

A) Muscle fibersof the circular group
B) Muscle fibers of the radial group

Question 66

The process called __________ allows the eyes to change between near and far vision by changing the shape of the lens.

A) adjustment
B) adaptation
C) assimilation
D) accommodation

Question 67

How is sensation different from perception?

A) Sensation results when the brain receives information from sensory receptors. Perception is the consciousness awareness of the stimuli.
B) Perception results when the brain receives information from sensory receptors. Sensation is the consciousness awareness of the stimuli.

Question 68

The receptors for the sense of static equilibrium are located in what structure(s)?

A) Saccule and utricle
B) Cochlear duct
C) Middle ear
D) Semicircular ducts

Question 69

What bacteriocidal enzyme is contained in tears?

A) Ribozyme
B) Lysozyme
C) Enterozyme
D) Hydrochloric acid

Question 70

George has had a stroke that resulted in damage to the optic radiations and visual cortex of the left side of his brain. What is the effect of this damage on George's vision?

A) Total loss of vision (blindness)
B) Loss of vision in the left eye; vision in right eye is unaffected.
C) Loss of vision in the right eye; vision in left eye is unaffected.
D) Loss of the right side of his visual field; vision to the left side is unaffected.
E) Loss of the left side of his visual field; vision to the right side is unaffected.

Question 71

Which situation will result in sensorineural hearing loss?

A) Trauma that resulted in damage to the inner ear
B) A build-up of earwax in the external auditory meatus
C) Fusion of the auditory ossicles (reducing ability to vibrate)
D) A ruptured eardrum

Question 72

Name the watery secretion that is continually manufactured, nourishes the lens and cornea, and maintains the shape of the front of the eye.

A) Vitreous humor
B) Endolymph
C) Aqueous humor
D) Lacrimal fluid

Question 73

Sound vibrations within the cochlea cause vibration of the __________, which in turn causes the hairs of the spiral organ to move back and forth against the __________. The result is deformation of the hairs.

A) basilar membrane; tectorial membrane
B) basilar membrane; tympanic membrane
C) oval window; round window
D) tectorial membrane; basilar membrane

Question 74

Conductive hearing loss can occur as a result of __________.

A) a torn tympanic membrane
B) a tumor in the brain
C) damage to the cochlear hair cells
D) damage to the acoustic nerve

Question 75

List the components of the middle (vascular) layer of the wall of the eye.

A) Cornea and sclera
B) Ciliary body, iris, and choroid coat
C) Retina, macula lutea, and fovea centralis
D) Optic disc and optic nerve

Question 76

What type of receptors do NOT undergo sensory adaptation?

A) Pain receptors
B) Olfactory receptors
C) Touch receptors
D) Receptors for hearing

Question 77

In dim light, the ________ muscles of the iris are stimulated to contract, resulting in __________ of the pupil.

A) radial; dilation
B) circular; dilation
C) radial; constriction
D) circular; constriction

Question 78

Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs are examples of what class of receptor?

A) Proprioceptors
B) Thermoreceptors
C) Photoreceptors
D) Chemoreceptors

Question 79

What structures contain the receptors that detect motion of the head?

A) Utricle and saccule
B) Semicircular ducts
C) Scala vestibuli and scala tympani
D) Anterior and posterior chambers

Question 80

What situation results in the lens of the eye having a more rounded shape?

A) Suspensory ligaments are stretched taut as the ciliary muscle fibers relax.
B) Suspensory ligaments are relaxed as the ciliary muscle fibers contract.
C) Suspensory ligaments are stretched taut as the ciliary muscle fibers contract.
D) Suspensory ligaments are relaxed as the ciliary muscle fibers relax.