Deck 3: Cells

Question 1

A structure that transports secretions from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus is a vesicle.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A neuron and an astrocyte can descend from the same progenitor cell.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Too infrequent cell division can lead to cancer, whereas too frequent cell division can delay wound healing.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In osmosis, water diffuses down its concentration gradient.

Question 5

The basic framework of a cell membrane is a triple layer of lipid molecules.

Question 6

The movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration is called diffusion.

Question 7

A lysosome is an example of a cellular organelle.

Question 8

Mitochondria manufacture proteins.

Question 9

A cell that secretes abundant proteins, such as a cell in the pancreas secreting insulin, would have extra nuclei.

Question 10

A bone cell and a nerve cell have the same genetic information.

Question 11

An organelle that is a fluid-filled sac with inner partitions studded with enzymes is a mitochondrion.

Question 12

Specialized structures within cells are called organelles.

Question 13

Interphase is a "time out" in the cell cycle, when the cell rests its synthetic activities.

Question 14

The three-dimensional form of a cell affects its ability to perform its function.

Question 15

The genetic material (DNA) is the component of the cell that carries hereditary information.

Question 16

In terms of cell lineages, a blood cell is more closely related to a bone cell than to a skin cell.

Question 17

In anaphase of mitosis, centromeres and duplicated parts of chromosomes separate.

Question 18

The Golgi apparatus contains DNA.

Question 19

During the metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes line up between the two centrioles.

Question 20

A microfilament is made of tiny rods of actin protein.

Question 21

Nuclear pores are channels composed of tubulin, a protein that also forms microfilaments.

Question 22

Cells in different tissues vary considerably. What determines a cell's specialized function?

A) The number of cells of that type
B) The size of the cell
C) The shape of the cell
D) The genes used by the cell
E) The requirements of the body in a particular situation

Question 23

Among other functions, lysosomesdetoxify alcohol and break down hydrogen peroxide.

Question 24

What is endoplasmic reticulum?

A) Formless liquid
B) Cellular inclusion
C) Network of interconnected membranes
D) Thread that sticks out from the cell membrane
E) Genetic headquarters of the cell

Question 25

Diffusion may take place even when a concentration gradient is absent.

Question 26

Roughly how many cells are in the adult human body?

A) 200 million cells
B) 750 million cells
C) 1 trillion cells
D) 30 trillion cells
E) 1 quadrillion cells

Question 27

In prophase, DNA is tightly coiled into darkly staining structures called chromatin.

Question 28

The movement of glucose through a cell membrane is by facilitated diffusion.

Question 29

A nucleolus is composed largely of what two organic compounds?

A) RNA and DNA
B) RNA and lipid
C) DNA and protein
D) DNA and lipid
E) RNA and protein

Question 30

What are the three basic parts of a composite cell?

A) Nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria
B) Cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm
C) Cell membrane, ion channels, and cytoplasm
D) Nucleus, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum
E) Centrioles, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

Question 31

Most cells contain only the parts of DNA necessary to perform the cell's specific functions.

Question 32

What are clusters of ribosomes in the cytoplasm called?

A) Mitochondria
B) Inclusions
C) Polysomes
D) Polysaccharides
E) Microtubules

Question 33

Chromatin consists of DNA and protein.

Question 34

Studies show that chronic psychological or emotional stress as well as clinical depression or obesity can stimulate telomere lengthening.

Question 35

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs is by diffusion.

Question 36

All differentiated cell types in a human body arise through lineages of stem and progenitor cells.

Question 37

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is another name for facilitated diffusion.

Question 38

Vesicles are formed mainly by folding of the __________.

A) lysosomal membrane
B) nuclear membrane
C) cell membrane
D) endoplasmic reticulum
E) mitochondrion

Question 39

Ribosomes are composed largely of protein and __________.

A) RNA
B) DNA
C) lipid
D) carbohydrate
E) water

Question 40

All integral proteins extend through the plasma membrane and protrude on both sides.

Question 41

What are attached to the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A) Nucleoli
B) Ribosomes
C) Chromosomes
D) Lysosomes
E) Mitochondria

Question 42

What process is used by the kidneys to cleanse blood?

A) Filtration
B) Active transport
C) Exocytosis
D) Facilitated diffusion
E) Phagocytosis

Question 43

A cell membrane is composed mostly of what two organic compounds?

A) DNA and RNA
B) Carbohydrates and lipids
C) Proteins and nucleic acids
D) Nucleic acids and proteins
E) Proteins and lipids

Question 44

If the fluid outside of a cell membrane contains a greater concentration of dissolved particles than the fluid inside the cell, how is this extracellular fluid described?

A) The extracellular solution is isotonic to the intracellular fluid.
B) The extracellular fluid is iso-osmotic to the intracellular fluid.
C) The extracellular fluid is hypertonic to the intracellular fluid.
D) The extracellular solution is hypotonic to the intracellular fluid.
E) The extracellular solution is isometric to the intracellular fluid.

Question 45

What cell would have a flagellum?

A) An egg
B) A sperm
C) A nerve cell
D) A muscle cell
E) A white blood cell

Question 46

What forms the rods and tubules of the cytoskeleton?

A) Carbohydrates
B) Cilia
C) Lipids
D) Protein
E) Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 47

What cellular transport process requires the greatest expenditure of cellular energy?

A) Diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Active transport
D) Filtration
E) Passive transport

Question 48

Why is the interior of a cell membrane oily?

A) The membrane drinks in oils.
B) The phospholipid tails are made of fatty acids.
C) The phospholipid heads are made of fatty acids.
D) The cytoskeleton passes oils to the outside of the cell.
E) The cytoskeleton captures oils from outside the cell.

Question 49

How are membrane proteins classified?

A) By their position
B) By their size
C) By their abundance
D) By their amino acid diversity
E) By their oiliness

Question 50

A ligand would enter a cell using what process?

A) Passive transport
B) Exocytosis
C) Receptor-mediated endocytosis
D) Pinocytosis
E) Simple diffusion

Question 51

What are two functions of the cell membrane?

A) To house and access the DNA
B) To enable the cell to communicate with and attach to other cells
C) To produce and break down secretions
D) To provide cellular energy and to produce mitochondria
E) To move the cell and help it to divide

Question 52

What organelle houses enzymes that degrade cellular debris?

A) Lysosome
B) Peroxisome
C) Mitochondrion
D) Nucleus
E) Golgi apparatus

Question 53

Movement of molecules through a membrane by filtration depends upon __________ pressure.

A) osmotic
B) barometric
C) atmospheric
D) hydrostatic

Question 54

Which of the following is not a component of the cell membrane?

A) Proteins
B) Lipids
C) Cholesterol
D) Glycerol
E) Glycogen

Question 55

What structures form a centrosome?

A) Centrioles
B) Centromeres
C) Nuclei
D) Vesicles
E) Chromosomes

Question 56

What is the function of a glycoprotein that extends from the surface of a cell?

A) To indicate whether protein synthesis is taking place in the cell
B) To combine with other glycoproteins to form cilia
C) To mark the cell as belonging to a particular type of tissue or organ in a particular person
D) To dip back inside the cell if a person contracts an infection
E) To form a lipid bilayer

Question 57

Which of the following processes uses specific carrier molecules?

A) Phagocytosis
B) Pinocytosis
C) Active transport
D) Filtration
E) Diffusion

Question 58

Which type of cell has many mitochondria?

A) Red blood cell
B) Fat cell
C) Nerve cell
D) Skin cell
E) Muscle cell

Question 59

What would occur if the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is higher than the concentration inside the cell?

A) Water will enter the cell by osmosis.
B) Water will leave the cell by osmosis.
C) Glucose will enter the cell by osmosis.
D) Glucose will leave the cell by osmosis.

Question 60

What activity takes place on ribosomes?

A) Protein synthesis
B) DNA synthesis
C) Carbohydrate synthesis
D) Energy acquisition
E) Cell division

Question 61

What is the correct sequence of the phases of mitosis?

A) Prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase
B) Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
C) Telophase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase
D) Anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase
E) Metaphase, anaphase, telophase, prophase

Question 62

What is the name given to cells that retain the ability to divide without specializing?

A) Progenitor cells
B) Apoptotic cells
C) Stem cells
D) Differentiated cells
E) Mitotic cells

Question 63

White blood cells that take in particles and cellular debris are called __________.

A) pinocytes
B) erythrocytes
C) phagocytes
D) hepatocytes
E) endocytes

Question 64

What is the function of mitochondria?

A) To manufacture protein
B) To release energy from glucose molecules
C) To digest lipid molecules
D) To synthesize lipids
E) To transport material

Question 65

From the time it forms until it divides forming new cells, a cell undergoes a series of changes called __________.

A) mitosis
B) interphase
C) apoptosis
D) the cell cycle
E) cell death

Question 66

What happens during metaphase?

A) Chromosomes line up between the centrioles.
B) Chromosomes unwind to form chromatin.
C) Chromosomes migrate to opposite poles of the cell.
D) Chromosomes are surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
E) Chromosomes are selectively released from the cell.

Question 67

What solution is isotonic to red blood cells?

A) 0.9 percent NaCl solution
B) Distilled water
C) 0.9 percent glucose solution
D) 0.5 percent glucose solution
E) 1.4 percent galactose solution

Question 68

What is apoptosis?

A) A form of secretion
B) A form of cell division
C) An abnormal form of development
D) A response to injury
E) A form of cell death

Question 69

Because of mitosis and cytoplasmic division, the resulting cells have __________ chromosomes and __________ DNA information.

A) identical; different
B) different; identical
C) identical; identical
D) different; different

Question 70

What mechanism of membrane transport requires an input of energy?

A) Passive transport
B) Active transport
C) Facilitated diffusion
D) Diffusion
E) Osmosis

Question 71

What organelle is built of microtubules and fringes the free surfaces of some cells?

A) Cilium
B) Nucleolus
C) Vesicle
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
E) Centrosome

Question 72

What process is used to move sodium ions from an area of relatively low concentration inside a cell to an area of higher concentration outside the cell?

A) Osmosis
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Active transport
D) Exocytosis
E) Diffusion

Question 73

Which of the following does not describe a cell undergoing apoptosis?

A) The cell rounds up and bulges.
B) The cell retains the ability to divide continuously.
C) Chromatin condenses and enzymes cut the chromosomes into equal-sized pieces.
D) The cell breaks apart into membrane-enclosed fragments.
E) The cell dies.

Question 74

Tiny droplets of fluid can cross a cell membrane and enter a cell using the process called __________.

A) phagocytosis
B) active transport
C) passive transport
D) pinocytosis
E) receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 75

What is a cleavage furrow?

A) Cellular constriction that occurs during interphase
B) Cellular constriction that occurs towards the end of mitosis
C) Cellular constriction that forms four cells from one
D) A partitioning of the nucleus
E) Cellular constriction that forms as mitosis begins

Question 76

Centromeres pull apart during what phase of the cell cycle?

A) Anaphase
B) Prophase
C) Metaphase
D) Telophase
E) Interphase

Question 77

Nerve cells release neurotransmitters using what process?

A) Exocytosis
B) Endocytosis
C) Pinocytosis
D) Phagocytosis
E) Osmosis

Question 78

What is the process called by which glucose can pass through a membrane using special carrier proteins?

A) Facilitated transport
B) Osmosis
C) Active transport
D) Endocytosis
E) Diffusion

Question 79

Adrenoleukodystrophy is a genetic disorder that affects the nervous system. The gene abnormality causes a lack of an enzyme that breaks down very long chain fatty acids outside the cell. The resulting over accumulation causes brain degeneration. What organelle is affected by the gene abnormality?

A) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) Mitochondrion
D) Peroxisome

Question 80

Roughly, a typical cell has how many ion channels?

A) Hundreds
B) Thousands
C) Millions
D) Billions
E) Trillions