Deck 14: Successful Aging

Question 1

The rapid increase in the number of will force a reconsideration of the issues of discrimination and access to health care, goods, and services.

A)elderly men
B)elderly women
C)ethnic minority older adults
D)older people with chronic illnesses

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Between 1959 and 2010, the number of older individuals living below the poverty line in the United States

A)decreased.
B)increased.
C)remained constant.
D)increased for women and decreased for men.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Between now and 2030, the population of older adults will have

A)doubled.
B)tripled.
C)quadrupled.
D)decreased by 50%.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

By 2030, the ratio of workers to retirees will likely be

A)similar to the current level-3:1.
B)decrease to 2:1.
C)increase to 4:1.
D)unimportant because Social Security will not exist.

Question 5

In the 1970s, benefits paid from Social Security

A)went directly into other social programs for the elderly.
B)increased.
C)decreased.
D)were denied to many elderly individuals.

Question 6

Conflict between young/middle-aged adults and older adults has not traditionally been a source of serious problems in society because

A)older adults made up a small portion of the overall population.
B)family ties between adult children and their parents worked against conflict.
C)middle-aged people were reluctant to withdraw support from programs for older individuals.
D)all of the above are reasons why intergenerational conflict has remained low.

Question 7

If the ratio of workers to retirees falls from 3:1 to 2:1 as is expected, then to maintain the level of benefits in programs such as Social Security, workers will have to than workers do now.

A)pay less taxes
B)work longer hours
C)pay significantly higher taxes
D)work further into old age

Question 8

The increase in that has occurred over the past few decades may result in children feeling a lower sense of obligation to their parents, placing a greater burden for the care of aging adults on society.

A)individualism
B)divorce
C)the average number of children per family
D)poverty

Question 9

Which is true regarding the dependency ratio?

A)the lower the number, the fewer the workers
B)the higher the number, the more workers
C)the lower the number, the more workers
D)the higher the number, the fewer workers

Question 10

One well-known intergenerational conflict is between adolescents and their parents.A lesser known conflict that may have increased potential in the future is between

A)children and their grandparents.
B)children and their adolescent siblings.
C)the young-old and the old-old.
D)young/middle-aged adults and older adults.

Question 11

The ratio provides insight as to the number of people who have to provide support for those less able to do so.

A)dependency
B)financial responsibility
C)Social Security
D)quality of life

Question 12

The dependency ratio reflects which of the following?

A)the number of children under the age of 18 living in the United States
B)the number of people dependent upon others for activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)
C)the number of people under age 15 and over age 64
D)the number of people over age 75

Question 13

In the 1970s, older were adults were portrayed as

A)kind, gentle, and caring.
B)ruthless and unfeeling.
C)politically active, fiscally conservative, and selfish.
D)politically active, liberal, and generous.

Question 14

Because of the changing population trends in the United States, the chances of conflict may increase.

A)cultural
B)familial
C)intergenerational
D)child-retiree

Question 15

Because resources in a society are never divided equally among groups, there is always the potential for ____________ between generations.

A)conflict
B)mistrust
C)disagreement
D)hostility

Question 16

Between now and 2030, older adults will come to expect to keep their more affluent lifestyles as well as the benefits they've accrued over their years of working.However, research indicates that

A)they will not, on average, have the financial savings necessary to support these expectations.
B)most will live in poverty.
C)chronic health conditions will significantly reduce their life spans.
D)lack of affordable prescription drugs will mean higher mortality rates at younger ages for older adults.

Question 17

represent(s) the largest generation ever to reach adulthood.

A)Generation X
B)The Millenials
C)The baby boomers
D)none of the above

Question 18

In the 1980s, the United States Congress began making substantive changes in the benefits to older adults based on the concept of

A)laissez-faire government.
B)fiscal conservancy.
C)corporal punishment.
D)intergenerational fairness.

Question 19

By 2030, older adults in the United States will be

A)better educated.
B)politically sophisticated.
C)proficient users of computers.
D)all of these.

Question 20

In 1959, roughly of older adults were below the federal poverty line.

A)35%
B)40%
C)44%
D)45%

Question 21

How much of one's wages are provided by Social Security depends upon

A)what level of education one attained.
B)how much one made total across the entire employment career.
C)how much one made on average during one's employment career.
D)at what age one retires.

Question 22

To be eligible for Medicare, a person must meet one of three criteria.Which of the following is not one of those criteria?

A)be over age 65
B)be disabled
C)be below the poverty line
D)have permanent kidney failure

Question 23

Over 52 million United States citizens rely on for their medical insurance.

A)Medicaid
B)Medicare
C)private insurance companies
D)Social Security

Question 24

Which of the following most accurately describes Social Security?

A)It is a pay-as-you-go system.
B)It is a savings plan.
C)It is a loan given by younger generations to older generations that must be paid back.
D)It can go up or down dramatically like the stock market.

Question 25

Social Security is funded by

A)the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP).
B)private donations.
C)profits earned by U.S.corporations.
D)payroll taxes.

Question 26

Medicare Part D

A)covers inpatient hospital services, skilled nursing facilities, and hospice care.
B)covers outpatient hospital services and medical equipment and supplies.
C)provides some prescription drug coverage.
D)provides financial reimbursement to partner-caregivers.

Question 27

Inpatient hospital services, home health services, and hospice care are covered under Medicare

A)Part A.
B)Part B.
C)Part C.
D)Part D.

Question 28

Social Security began in 1935 as an initiative by President

A)Eisenhower.
B)Roosevelt.
C)Hoover.
D)Coolidge.

Question 29

The Healthy People 2020 Initiative sets targets for a healthier population based upon three broad goals.Which of the following is not one of these goals?

A)increasing the length of healthy life
B)increasing access to psychological counseling services for all
C)reducing health disparities among Americans
D)achieving access to preventive services for all

Question 30

An important point about quality of life is that

A)it is an objective assessment.
B)one's assessment always corresponds to other's evaluations.
C)its assessment is highly subjective.
D)it is elusive and impossible to measure.

Question 31

The key strategies for successful aging include all of the following except

A)maintaining an optimistic outlook.
B)having plenty of resources.
C)having a social network.
D)having sound health habits.

Question 32

In fiscal year 2011, Social Security and Medicare accounted for of all federal spending.

A)6%
B)16%
C)36%
D)46%

Question 33

Originally, Social Security was

A)created as a program for the wealthy.
B)intended to provide a supplement to savings and other means of financial support.
C)created as a health insurance program.
D)a food program for the elderly poor.

Question 34

SOC stands for

A)social, occupational, and compensatory
B)selection, optimization, and compensation
C)standard, operational, and control
D)subjective, optimistic, and compensation

Question 35

Since its inception in 1935, two trends have increased the cost of the Social Security program.One is that the proportion of people who reach age 65 has increased dramatically.What is the other trend?

A)Due to revisions of the original law, Social Security now represents a primary source of income for many.
B)The rate of chronic illnesses has been going up since 1935.
C)People's incomes have been declining since 1935.
D)People are now saving more money for retirement than ever before.

Question 36

A person's subjective assessment or value judgment of his or her own life is known as

A)quality of social support.
B)successful life.
C)successful aging.
D)quality of life.

Question 37

In terms of Social Security, since 1940,

A)men collect payments about 3 years longer and women about 5 years longer.
B)taxes on workers have gone up each year to cover the future costs of the program.
C)people increasingly rely on personal savings and not on Social Security as their main form of income.
D)the government has continuously increased the benefits paid from the program to all older adults.

Question 38

By , all the Social Security Trust Fund assets will be gone.

A)2014
B)2024
C)2033
D)2043

Question 39

Contrary to popular belief, Social Security is not a(n)

A)entitlement plan.
B)pay-as-you-go plan.
C)savings plan.
D)health insurance plan.

Question 40

Because older adults are more prone to injury, exercise programs

A)should be discouraged.
B)should focus on low impact aerobic approaches.
C)should be high energy activities.
D)should involve heavy weight lifting.

Question 41

prevention is any intervention that prevents a disease or condition from occurring.

A)Primary
B)Secondary
C)Tertiary
D)Quaternary

Question 42

In terms of the main pathway in Verbrugge and Jette's (1994) model, occurs between pathology and impairments.

A)primary prevention
B)secondary prevention
C)tertiary prevention
D)quaternary prevention

Question 43

Due to slowing metabolism rates, older adults need

A)fewer calories.
B)more vitamins.
C)more carbohydrates.
D)to exercise more slowly.

Question 44

Lowering one's cholesterol is important in lowering one's risk for

A)cardiovascular disease.
B)lung cancer.
C)anxiety disorders.
D)dementia.

Question 45

According to the Administration on Aging (AoA), 70% of older adults with are unaware they have a serious health condition.

A)diabetes mellitus
B)hypertension
C)high cholesterol
D)breast cancer

Question 46

Your friend Janelle is interested in calculating her maximum heart rate before she begins her aerobics class.You tell her she can do this by

A)multiplying her age by 2 and adding 100.
B)adding her age to 220 and dividing by 2.
C)adding her age to 220.
D)subtracting her age from 220.

Question 47

A cancer screening test is an example of

A)primary prevention.
B)secondary prevention.
C)tertiary prevention.
D)quaternary prevention.

Question 48

Jose has been in the hospital for several weeks due to heart problems.Everyday a nurse helps Jose sit up in bed and move around some to prevent fluid build up and blood clotting.This could be seen as a

A)primary prevention.
B)secondary prevention.
C)tertiary prevention.
D)quaternary prevention.

Question 49

One goal of low-cost programs aimed at improving the health of older people is to

A)lower the rates of abuse and neglect of older persons.
B)address the lack of awareness many older people have regarding their own chronic health problems.
C)increase rates of aerobic exercise among the elderly.
D)reduce the rates of anxiety and depression in older people.

Question 50

involves efforts to avoid the development of secondary chronic conditions and manage the pain of primary chronic conditions.

A)Primary prevention
B)Secondary prevention
C)Tertiary prevention
D)Quaternary prevention

Question 51

Working with an occupational therapist after surgery to improve mobility is an example of

A)primary prevention.
B)secondary prevention.
C)tertiary prevention.
D)quaternary prevention.

Question 52

Aerobic exercise places moderate stress on the heart by maintaining a pulse rate between of the person's maximum heart rate.

A)5 and 20%
B)20 and 40%
C)50 and 80%
D)60 and 90%

Question 53

How much energy the body needs is termed

A)body mass index.
B)metabolism.
C)body-energy expenditure.
D)caloric intake.

Question 54

, in conjunction with a healthy lifestyle, can slow the physiological aging process.

A)A good outlook on life
B)Immunizations
C)Good relationships with family
D)A program of regular exercise

Question 55

is instituted after a condition has begun but before any serious impairments have occurred.

A)Primary
B)Secondary
C)Tertiary
D)Quaternary

Question 56

The focus of prevention programs is avoiding additional medical problems; the focus of prevention programs is functioning.

A)primary; secondary
B)secondary; tertiary
C)quaternary; tertiary
D)tertiary; quaternary

Question 57

Efforts specifically aimed at improving the functional capacities of people with chronic conditions are called

A)primary prevention.
B)secondary prevention.
C)tertiary prevention.
D)quaternary prevention.

Question 58

Exercise has a positive effect on , which are closely associated with cognitive functioning.

A)the prefrontal and hippocampal brain areas
B)the brain stem and temporal lobe
C)the cerebellum and occipital lobe
D)the parietal lobe and cerebellum areas

Question 59

Healthy living and good aging are promoted most significantly by exercise and

A)having parents who lived to very old age.
B)a healthy diet.
C)not smoking.
D)an optimistic attitude.

Question 60

Immunizations are an example of

A)primary prevention.
B)secondary prevention.
C)tertiary prevention.
D)quaternary prevention.

Question 61

In the selection, optimization, and compensation model (SOC), changing how you exercise after sustaining an injury represents

A)selection.
B)optimization.
C)compensation.
D)a passive strategy.

Question 62

A criticism of Rowe and Kahn's theory of successful aging is

A)it is not based on research conducted on representative samples.
B)it is based on largely Western ideas of what successful aging is.
C)it makes several key assumptions (such as people having access to health care) that may not be universally true.
D)all of these are criticisms of the theory.

Question 63

Dennis is 70 years old and feels good about his life.He is healthy, has a successful business, two grown daughters and a lovely wife, and continues to enjoy golfing with his friends.Dennis is

A)aging successfully.
B)likely to develop a life-threatening disease.
C)likely to have financial problems in the future.
D)none of these.

Question 64

In terms of cholesterol, which of the following is most important?

A)having low levels of HDLs
B)having equal levels of LDLs and HDLs
C)having a healthy ratio of LDLs to HDLs.
D)having a high level of LDL (over 160 mg/dL)

Question 65

Healthy recommended levels of HDLs are at least above in men and in women.

A)40 mg/dL; 50mg/dL
B)50 mg/dL; 40 mg/dL
C)40 mg/dL in both men and women
D)50 mg/dL in both men and women

Question 66

Successful aging involves

A)being in good health.
B)continued high cognitive and physical competence.
C)continued engagement with life.
D)all of these.

Question 67

Vaillant's model of successful aging includes three criteria related to social engagement and productive activity.Which of the following is not one of these criteria?

A)good mental health
B)objective social support
C)self-rated life satisfaction in eight domains
D)length of undisabled life

Question 68

High BMIs and very low BMIs are both related to

A)optimal health.
B)lower rates of CVAs.
C)increased mortality.
D)high cholesterol rates.

Question 69

A serious concern with Rowe and Kahn's model is that it may send a negative message that

A)older people with health problems have not aged "successfully."
B)older people in poverty have not aged "successfully."
C)older people who do not have large social networks have not aged "successfully."
D)only young people are beautiful.

Question 70

The ratio of body weight to height is known as

A)body fat index.
B)body health.
C)body ratio.
D)body mass index.

Question 71

Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)

A)help keep arteries clear.
B)are a type of neurotransmitter.
C)are tested using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
D)cause fatty deposits to accumulate in arteries.

Question 72

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defines healthy weight as having a BMI

A)of less than 15.
B)of less than 25.
C)of more than 25.
D)of more than 35.

Question 73

While Rowe and Kahn's model of successful aging posits three criteria, Vaillant's model proposes criteria.

A)only one
B)four
C)six
D)ten

Question 74

The research findings that having long-lived ancestors was important to health only up to age 60 and that stress- related diseases before age 50 were not predictive of longevity point to the notion that

A)variables that predict health in early life may not in old age.
B)only exercise and diet can reliably predict longevity.
C)longevity cannot be determined.
D)the theory of programmed cell death is true.

Question 75

The most popular medications for treating high cholesterol come from a family of drugs called

A)beta blockers.
B)statins.
C)benzodiazepines.
D)SSRIs.

Question 76

What is the relationship between income and health?

A)There is no association between these variables.
B)Lower income is associated with greater access to health care, knowledge of healthy behaviors, and the ability to engage in them.
C)Higher income is associated with greater access to health care, knowledge of healthy behaviors, and the ability to engage in them.
D)Those with higher incomes take more medications because they can afford to purchase them.

Question 77

Vaillant (2002) proposed a model of successful aging based upon six criteria.Three of these are related to health.Which one below is not one of Vaillant's health criteria?

A)no physical disability at age 75 as rated by a physician
B)no problems with IADLs
C)length of undisabled life
D)BMI of 25 or less

Question 78

In the selection, optimization, and compensation model (SOC), developing and choosing goals would be considered under

A)selection.
B)optimization.
C)compensation.
D)all of these.

Question 79

The term "successful aging"

A)means living until the age 90 or longer.
B)means living to the end of one's life with no disabilities or other chronic conditions.
C)can be objectively measured as it means the same thing to all people.
D)has no consensus regarding its definition or how it might be measured.

Question 80

The one's body mass index, the greater the risk of health problems.

A)greater
B)lower
C)more similar body weight is to
D)less similar body weight is to