Deck 13: Dying and Bereavement

Question 1

There are eight criteria for whole-brain death.In order for whole-brain death to be declared, how many criteria must be met?

A)5 out of 8
B)4 out of 8
C)2 out of 8
D)all 8 must be met

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Opinions about euthanasia

A)vary cross-culturally.
B)are related to religious and political beliefs.
C)vary depending upon the issue under consideration (for example, removing life support versus withholding food).
D)all of the above.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is not a criteria for whole-brain death?

A)total lack of responsiveness to even the most painful stimuli
B)no eye movements, blinking, or pupil responses
C)no postural activity, swallowing, yawning, or vocalizing
D)a flat EEG for at least 12 hours

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The field of study that deals with death, dying, bereavement, grief, and social attitudes toward these issues is called

A)deathology.
B)thanatology.
C)extinctism.
D)fatalology.

Question 5

The practice of ending life for reasons of mercy is known as

A)euthansia.
B)cessation of suffering.
C)bioethics.
D)advance directive.

Question 6

refers to allowing a person to die by withholding available treatment.

A)Active euthanasia
B)Invoking a living will
C)Advance directive
D)Passive euthanasia

Question 7

According to most hospitals, lack of brain activity

A)is the sole indicator of whole-brain death.
B)only has to be absent in the brainstem for whole-brain death to be declared.
C)only has to be absent in the cortex for whole-brain death to be declared.
D)must occur in the brainstem and cortex for whole-brain death to be declared.

Question 8

Withholding medical treatment is a form of

A)active euthanasia.
B)passive euthanasia.
C)benevolent euthanasia.
D)medical euthanasia.

Question 9

The study of the interface between human values and technological advances in health and life sciences is called

A)gerontology.
B)bioethics.
C)euthanology.
D)biomedics.

Question 10

Withholding chemotherapy from a terminally ill cancer patient could be a form of

A)active euthanasia.
B)passive euthanasia.
C)benevolent euthanasia.
D)medical euthanasia.

Question 11

For a person to be declared dead, what criteria must be met?

A)the eight criteria established by the President's Commission for the Ethical Study of Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research
B)other conditions that might mimic death, such as coma or hypothermia, must be ruled out
C)lack of brain activity in the brain stem and cortex
D)all of the above conditions need to be met for a person to be declared dead

Question 12

Cindy was in an accident 10 years ago.Since the accident, her cortex has ceased to function, but her brain stem has continued to function.This allows her to breath on her own.This is an example of a

A)persistent vegetative state.
B)coma.
C)psychological fugue.
D)whole-brain death.

Question 13

Whether a patient with a fatal cancer should be subjected to aggressive treatment and whether a patient's life support machine should be turned off are issues studied in the field of

A)psychoethics.
B)socioethics.
C)bioethics.
D)medethics.

Question 14

A lack of heartbeat and respiration are the two criteria for

A)cortical death.
B)brain death.
C)clinical death.
D)biological death.

Question 15

When a person's cortical functioning ceases but brainstem activity continues, a person is said to be in a

A)persistent vegetative state.
B)coma.
C)psychological fugue.
D)clinical death state.

Question 16

Disconnecting a ventilator, not performing a surgery, or withholding food from a terminally ill patient all fall under the category of

A)active euthanasia.
B)passive euthanasia.
C)mercy killing.
D)bioethical euthanasia.

Question 17

The deliberate ending of someone's life because they have a terminal illness is called

A)active euthanasia.
B)passive euthanasia.
C)terminal euthanasia.
D)medical euthanasia.

Question 18

Which of the following is not an official criteria for determining whole-brain death?

A)no spontaneous movement
B)no spontaneous respirations
C)no motor reflexes
D)stable body temperature for 24 hours

Question 19

Removing the feeding tube of person in a persistent vegetative state

A)is illegal.
B)is an example of active euthanasia.
C)is an example of passive euthanasia.
D)is a unique situation that can be classified as both active and passive euthanasia.

Question 20

The concept of death

A)is similar across cultures.
B)is completely unknown in some societies.
C)varies across cultures.
D)is a purely Westernized abstraction.

Question 21

In general, older adults are

A)more anxious about death because they feel impending doom.
B)more likely to have depression because of the many losses they have suffered.
C)more likely to have feelings of guilt because they feel stagnation instead of generativity.
D)less anxious about death because they are more likely to have ego integrity.

Question 22

Physician-assisted suicide involves

A)physicians doing everything in their power to save the lives of patients.
B)the naming of a specific individual who can make decisions for ill patients.
C)a physician administering a fatal dose of medication to a patient.
D)a physician providing a fatal dose of medication that the patient self-administers.

Question 23

Asking "Why me?" after learning that one is going to die reflects which of Kübler­Ross's stages?

A)denial
B)anger
C)depression
D)bargaining

Question 24

Contextual theories of dying emphasize

A)the individual differences in caregivers.
B)fate causing a person to move from one stage to another.
C)that there is no one, right way to die.
D)stages in dying.

Question 25

Which of the following is not a stage of dying according to Kübler­Ross?

A)denial
B)bargaining
C)depression
D)agitation

Question 26

In a Harris Poll released in 2011, 70% of all adult respondents agreed that

A)active euthanasia should be illegal, but passive euthanasia should be legal.
B)any person who wishes to end their life should have the right to do so.
C)people who are terminally ill, are in great pain, and/or have no chance for recovery should have the right end their lives.
D)physician-assisted suicide is morally wrong.

Question 27

Saying "Just let me live until my daughter graduates college" reflects which of Kübler­Ross's stages?

A)denial
B)acceptance
C)depression
D)bargaining

Question 28

Research on the five stages of dying shows that

A)there are right and wrong ways to die.
B)individual differences are the rule.
C)few people vary from the normative experience.
D)there is only one progression toward death.

Question 29

The Terry Schiavo case highlighted the issue(s) of

A)the importance of making one's end-of-life issues known to others in writing.
B)the difficulty in determining whether one is in a persistent vegetative state.
C)the high cost of long-term care.
D)all of the above.

Question 30

One dying woman reported, "It is as if the pain is gone; the struggle is over." According to Kübler­Ross's theory this reflects which stage?

A)denial
B)acceptance
C)depression
D)bargaining

Question 31

Several countries, such as Belgium, Columbia, and Switzerland, tolerate physician-assisted suicide provided five criteria are met.Which of the following is not one of these criteria?

A)The patient is competent.
B)The patient makes repeated requests.
C)The patient is over age 65.
D)The patient's condition is intolerable with no hope for improvement.

Question 32

As a result of their growing realization of their own mortality, midlife adults shift from thinking about how long they have already lived to

A)making the best of the time they have left.
B)regretting the things they have not accomplished.
C)thinking about how long they have yet to live.
D)obtaining health insurance for their survivors.

Question 33

In the case of Nancy Cruzan (1990), the United States Supreme Court ruled that in terms of forced feeding

A)individual desires must be expressed through a health care power of attorney or a living will.
B)third parties (such as parents or partners) can decide to have nourishment stopped.
C)whether or not to continue force feeding is up to one's physician.
D)force feeding is illegal under any circumstances.

Question 34

Which of the following statements about Kubler-Ross's stages of dying is true?

A)All people go through all the stages.
B)People only experience one stage at a time.
C)People vary considerably in their experience of the stages.
D)People go through all the stages at the same rate.

Question 35

What can be concluded regarding Oregon's Death with Dignity Act?

A)Between 1998 and 2011, more than 5,000 people died under the terms of the law.
B)The factors of depression, coercion, and misunderstanding the law were not well-screened for.
C)The law was found to have a negative psychological impact on patients.
D)A comprehensive review indicates that all safeguards worked.

Question 36

Which country was the first to have an official policy legalizing physician-assisted suicide?

A)the United States
B)Canada
C)Columbia
D)the Netherlands

Question 37

Health care costs can soar in the last year of a person's life.Less than 7% of people treated in hospitals die each year, but they account for nearly of Medicare expenditures.

A)0.05%
B)5%
C)25%
D)55%

Question 38

In developed countries, adults in midlife generally begin to think about their own deaths when

A)they start a family.
B)their parents die.
C)they become grandparents.
D)they develop a chronic disease.

Question 39

One way to increase a person's death awareness is to

A)write your own obituary.
B)attend as many funerals as possible.
C)wear black.
D)attend religious services during Easter.

Question 40

Johnnie was just diagnosed with lung cancer and has been given 6 months to live.Johnnie thinks the doctors must be wrong.He can't have cancer because he never smoked.This would illustrate which of Kübler­Ross's stages?

A)denial
B)bargaining
C)depression
D)acceptance

Question 41

is an increasingly popular way to reduce death anxiety.

A)Enquiring about physician-assisted suicide
B)Writing a living will
C)Hiring a health care power of attorney
D)Participating in death education

Question 42

Making your wishes known about how you want the end of your life to be is known as

A)a final scenario.
B)death anxiety.
C)end-of-life issues.
D)the dying process.

Question 43

Palliative care is

A)pain management.
B)extending life.
C)the same as physician-assisted suicide.
D)diagnosing disease.

Question 44

Terror Management Theory proposes that is the primary motive for underlying behavior, and all other motives can be traced back to this one.

A)ensuring the continuation of one's life
B)the desire to procreate
C)the avoidance of fear
D)the desire to die

Question 45

Corr (2013) identified four dimensions of the issues or tasks that a dying person faces from their perspective: bodily needs, psychological security, interpersonal attachments, and

A)intrapersonal understanding.
B)spiritual energy.
C)closure with family members.
D)dispersement of financial assets.

Question 46

Susan is dying from lung cancer.She and her family are deciding on her care options and where she will be buried upon her death.Making her wishes known is an example of a

A)final scenario.
B)death request.
C)end-of-life issue.
D)dying process.

Question 47

Some have suggested that pose an existential threat because they remind us death is inescapable and the body is fallible.

A)people in hospitals
B)those with terminal illnesses
C)older adults
D)newborns

Question 48

Which is an approach to assisting dying people that emphasizes pain management and death with dignity?

A)palliative care
B)hospital care
C)hospice care
D)thanatology

Question 49

Which of the following is not a primary need of dying people based on the hospice model?

A)to control pain
B)to retain dignity
C)to be loved
D)to separate the client from their family for treatment and care

Question 50

Researchers have found that hospice clients are

A)more mobile.
B)less anxious.
C)less depressed.
D)all of these.

Question 51

Managing the final stages of life, dealing with the memorial services and the disposition of the body, and distributing assets are collectively known as

A)final scenarios.
B)death anxiety.
C)end-of-life issues.
D)the dying process.

Question 52

Kastenbaum and Thuell point out that a good contextual theory of dying must account for

A)people with a variety of terminal illnesses.
B)a dying person's own perspective and values on death.
C)the socioenvironmental context in which dying occurs.
D)all of these.

Question 53

Which theory addresses the issue of why people engage in certain behaviors to achieve certain psychological states based on their deeply rooted concerns about mortality?

A)thanatology
B)Terror Management Theory
C)Death Anxiety Theory
D)Behavioral Death Theory

Question 54

Lower ego integrity, more physical problems, and more psychological problems are

A)predictive of higher levels of death anxiety.
B)predictive of higher levels of emotional insecurity.
C)predictive of more intense religious beliefs.
D)more common in older adults than in younger adults.

Question 55

Studies investigating the demographic and personality characteristics associated with feelings of death anxiety found that have lower rates.

A)people with terminal illnesses
B)older people
C)people who have more children
D)men

Question 56

Mary is dying from ovarian cancer.She and her family are deciding on her care options and deciding what will become of her house.These are examples of

A)living wills.
B)death anxiety.
C)end-of-life issues.
D)the dying process.

Question 57

Corr identified bodily needs, psychological security, spiritual energy and hope, and as dimensions of issues a person must face in the course of dying.

A)interpersonal attachments
B)acceptance
C)financial obligations
D)ego integrity

Question 58

Which of the following statements about hospices is false?

A)Hospice clients take a fairly active role in their own care.
B)Family members are encouraged to maintain the client's competencies.
C)Hospices follow a hospital model of care.
D)Pain management is a high priority.

Question 59

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Death anxiety is easily described and measured.
B)Death anxiety is often reflected in our behavior.
C)Death anxiety appears to be unidimensional.
D)There is little behavioral evidence for death anxiety.

Question 60

The primary emphasis of a hospice is

A)quality of life.
B)extending life.
C)curing disease.
D)diagnosing disease.

Question 61

The grief work as rumination hypothesis proposes that

A)the grieving process is vital to recovery from loss.
B)excessive grieving is an indication of love and attachment to the deceased.
C)rumination is a positive form of coping.
D)extensive grieving may be a form of rumination that increases distress.

Question 62

Some people experience grief years after the loss.For example, in one research study, some widows showed no signs of lessening grief after years.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)18

Question 63

Complicated or prolonged grief disorder is distinguished from depression in terms of

A)severity and duration of symptoms.
B)separation and traumatic distress.
C)increased substance abuse.
D)difficulty with family members.

Question 64

When asked about death, young adults report strong feelings that those who die at this point in their lives

A)are able to avoid end-of-life issues and suffering.
B)were probably engaging in risky behavior.
C)probably had some form of genetic or chromosomal abnormality that contributed to early death.
D)are cheated out of their futures.

Question 65

Which of the following responses would be considered a normal sign of grief?

A)sadness
B)anger
C)denial
D)all of these

Question 66

The culturally influenced way in which we express our grief is called

A)grief work.
B)mourning.
C)bereavement.
D)acceptance.

Question 67

A reasonable length of recovery from a death of a family member is minimally

A)6 months.
B)1 year.
C)3 years.
D)5 years.

Question 68

The psychological aspect of coming to terms with bereavement is called

A)grief.
B)mourning.
C)grief work.
D)recovery.

Question 69

Anniversary reactions tend to be

A)a sign of abnormal grief.
B)found only in individuals with posttraumatic stress syndrome.
C)common in normal grief.
D)not related to the grief process.

Question 70

A DNR order stands for

A)do not rectify
B)doctor nurse rehabilitation
C)do not resuscitate
D)disable nurse requests

Question 71

Which of the following is characteristic of the separation distress found in prolonged or complicated grief disorder?

A)longing and searching for the deceased
B)feelings of disbelief about the death
C)the experience of the physical presence of the deceased
D)detachment from others

Question 72

Which of the following statements is false?

A)The death of a parent forces us to face our own mortality.
B)Loss of a child through stillbirth can be highly traumatic.
C)Societal pressure to grieve the death of a spouse is especially strong.
D)Young adult widows have less intense grief immediately after the death.

Question 73

In a hospice, family members and staff tend to emphasize pain management, whereas patients are more likely to emphasize

A)spirituality and the process of dying.
B)remedying financial issues.
C)resolving conflicts with family members.
D)creating new relationships with other hospice patients.

Question 74

Linda just lost her husband due to a sudden heart attack.Her state of loss caused by the death is called

A)mourning.
B)bereavement.
C)grief.
D)displacement.

Question 75

An example of would be a woman wearing black following the death of her spouse.

A)bereavement
B)mourning
C)grief
D)death acceptance

Question 76

Sorrow, hurt, anger, guilt, confusion, and other feelings that arise after suffering a loss are reflected in

A)mourning.
B)acceptance.
C)grief.
D)distancing.

Question 77

One mistake that people frequently make with their bereaved loved ones is

A)overestimating the amount of time needed to grieve.
B)allowing people to grieve in their own way.
C)allowing people to grieve for as long as they desire.
D)leaving them alone due to not knowing how to deal with them.

Question 78

A major issue regarding end-of-life decisions concerns whether the person is cognitively or legally able to make them.In this regard, there are two types of determination: the capacity to make decisions and , which is determined by a court.

A)a competency decision
B)the person's physical state
C)the person's emotional well-being
D)the person's cognitive functioning

Question 79

The most overlooked losses of a child are those that happen through

A)accidents.
B)chronic disease.
C)stillbirth, miscarriage, abortion, and neonatal death.
D)war.

Question 80

According to attachment theory, when one's attachment to a person was strong and their death sudden, what is the likely outcome?

A)greater grief but less depression
B)greater grief and greater depression
C)lower grief and lower depression
D)lower grief but higher depression